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Friday, March 5, 2021

Comparing Igbo (Nigerian) Masked Dancers Accompanied By Drums & Flutes To Caribbean Junkanoo



Mac Dee, Nov 30, 2008

Wonderful performance by one of the Igbo cultural troupes. This one from Udi in Enugu State, Nigeria.

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Edited by Azizi Powell

This pancocojams post provides information about Igbo people and showcases a video of Igbo traditional dancers performing to flute and other musical instruments. 

Selected comments from this video's discussion thread are also included in this post with special attention to comments that refer to how this dance performance is similar to  Caribbean cultures, and in particular to Junkanoo festival performances.

The Addendum to this post includes information about Junkanoo (Caribbean festivals) since a commenter noted that this video was "the splitting image of Junkanoo".

The content of this post is presented for cultural, entertainment, and aesthetic purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to all those who are featured in this post and thanks to all those who are quoted in this post. Thanks also to the publisher of this video on YouTube.
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This pancocojams series was inspired by comments in https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2021/03/african-other-sources-of-african.html about West African flutes being sources of or influences for the African American fife and drum music traditions.  

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INFORMATION ABOUT IGBOS 
From https://theculturetrip.com/africa/nigeria/articles/an-introduction-to-nigerias-igbo-people/ [retrieved March 4, 2021]
"The Ibo or Igbo people are found in southeastern Nigeria and have many interesting customs and traditions. With a population of around 40 million throughout Nigeria, they are one of the biggest and most influential tribes. Igbos are well-known for their entrepreneurial endeavours, both within Nigeria and around the world.


[…]

In Nigeria, Igbos inhabit an area referred to as Igboland, which is divided into two sections along the lower River Niger. They live in most or all parts of five states: Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu and Imo, as well as minor parts of Delta, Rivers and Benue states. Small Igbo communities are also found in parts of Cameroon and Equitorial Guinea.”…

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SELECTED COMMENTS FROM THIS VIDEO'S DISCUSSION THREAD

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zWxPA077zw&ab_channel=MACDEE

These comments are numbered for referencing purposes only.

1. uk4word, 2013
"IGBO KWENU"
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From http://www.kwenu.com/publications/iroegbu/2007/concept_kwenu.htm "The concept of Igbo Kwenu in Igbo culture, identity, and shared representation by Patrick Iroegbu Friday, June 15, 2007

"A common linguistic analysis may help us to understand the phrase “Igbo kwenu.” Here we have two words: ‘Igbo’ and ‘kwenu.’ The term “Igbo” refers to Igbo people – men and women of all ages of tradition and modernism. On its own, “kwenu” as a word refers to agreement, endorsement, solidarity, unity, bondedness, strength, collective will.

The conception of the idea to stay together as a community and act as one is very important for the Igbo...

the Igbo assert their emotions and psychology together through calls to order of solidarity such as invoking the “Igbo kwenu.”
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Click 
http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2015/10/excerpts-of-articles-that-explain-what.html for a 2015 pancocojams post entitled "What "Igbo Kwenu!" Means". 

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2. Agusm 2013
"I Just LOVE these dancers and masquarades. Chineke gozie ndi Igbo. Amen.

God bless the Igbo people."

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3. Dav Gar, 2018
"Now am convince we Jamaicans are igbo....this is a splitting replica of our jankouno dance in jamaica

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Reply
4. 
LaMar McNeil, 2018
"Genetics have proven the majority of Jamaican ancestry comes from the Igbo."

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Reply
5. WestIndianMalkah, 2019
"Yes it is!!!!!!"

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Reply
6. WestIndianMalkah, 2019
" @Boi  also yoruba and congo ehtnicity. Theres an area called calabar in jamaica, also whydah, als abeokuta,  accompong, among other place names in particular areas."

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Reply
7. Ngum Ngafor, 2019
"@WestIndianMalkah  I've seen a video of Abeokuta. Never knew of Calabar."

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Reply
8. WestIndianMalkah, 2019
"@Ngum Ngafor  Yes there were quite a few people who came over to jamaica from an area called Calabar, from my research it was from the Old kalabar kingdom, being of the Efik and ibibio. This proves true for me as ive discovered 2 dna relatives of mine and my mom who said they are Ibibio"

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Reply
9. Ngum Ngafor, 2019
"@WestIndianMalkah  Didn't even know Calabar was a kingdom. Thanks for this. Will check out more."

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Reply
10. WestIndianMalkah, 2019
" @Ngum Ngafor  yes look up old calabar kingdom. Theres been so many migrations, seperation, wars, etc. So names change, people merge, move, etc"

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Reply
11. Malik El Shabazz, 2019
"@LaMar McNeil  Mostly Ashanti than Igbo"

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Reply
12. Onye nsogbu, 2019
" @Malik El Shabazz    Igbo people sold more slaves to the new world than any other African ethnic group...Go and check British archive."

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Reply
13. Dozie Roberts, 2020
"@Onye nsogbu  you are talking rubbish. Mechionu!

Igbo people didn't sell more slaves than yoruba. Rather more slaves were taken from the Bight of Biafra than anywhere else because they believed the Igbos were stronger in physique and strenght than the other tribes."

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Reply
14. Osita Joseph, 2020
"@Dozie Roberts   pure fact"

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Reply
15. mara.iara, 2020
"@Dozie Roberts  And then turned out to be harder to "control". There are records of enslaved Igbos who kept committing suicide and rebelling rather than submit"

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Reply
16. Anita Sanchess, 2020
"Yeah even Jamaican patois has UNU meaning YOU PEOPLE in Igbo language, but I heard people are trying to remove it or scrape it out."

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Reply
17. Krunkerino 1, 2020
"WestIndianMalkah An Igbo person created the place called Abeokuta and calabar is not Yoruba.

God bless the Igbo people"

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18. Onye nsogbu, 2019
"Watch these Igbo music and Tradition: 

 https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=WBuVzIXFdLc

 

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=zHvfLtCnJWY

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Here are a few comments from the first discussion thread that onye nsogbu gave:

IGBO CULTURE & TRADITION: An Overview
Jerry Osuji, Sept. 10, 2018

a) Stephanie Francis, 2019
"I can see 'where we in the Caribbean get  some of these dance  from, it is in the blood"

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Reply
b) 
Chiazo Odu, 2020
"Stephanie Francis yep"

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Reply
c) Stephanie Francis, 2020
"@Chiazo Odu  can you help me with these names , i did my DNA and these names show up they are Akuwah  Nwachi where are these names originate from?"

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Reply
d) Daniel Okeke, 2020
"Stephanie Francis it’s originally from igbo tribe in Nigeria. That’s Igbo names."

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Reply
e) Daniel Okeke,2020
"
Stephanie Francis you can call someone, nwachi or nwachukwu. You can also call someone akuwah or akunwa."

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Reply
f) 
Queeneth Anyanwu, 2020
"
 @Stephanie Francis  they are basically Igbo names given to any1 from eastern Nigeria. Akuwah means wealth of the world or world wealth, there are different variations to it like, Akunwa meaning wealth of a child, Aku means wealth. Nwachi means child of God, Nwa means child while Chi is God and it also has different variations too. I hope this helps, all the best."

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Reply
g) 
Stephanie Francis, 2020
"T
hank you  all below for explaining for me I appreciate it !!"
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The second link that gave is a 2011 sound file entitled "Chief Osita Steven Osadebe- Ana Masi Ife Uwa".

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ADDENDUM: INFORMATION ABOUT JUNKANOO
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junkanoo
"Junkanoo is a street parade with music, dance, and costumes of mixed African origin in many islands across the English speaking Caribbean every Boxing Day (26 December) and New Year's Day (1 January). These cultural parades are predominantly showcased in the Bahamas where the music is also mainstreamed, and competition results are hotly contested,[1] There are also Junkanoo parades in Miami in June and Key West in October, where local black populations have their roots in the Caribbean. In addition to being a culture dance for Afro-North Carolinians[2] and the Garifuna people,[3][4] this type of dancing is also performed in The Bahamas on Independence day and other historical holidays.

Dances are choreographed to the beat of goatskin drums and cowbells.

History

The festival may have originated several centuries ago, when enslaved descendants of Africans on plantations in The Bahamas celebrated holidays granted around Christmas time with dance, music, and costumes. After emancipation the tradition continued and junkanoo evolved from simple origins to a formal, organised parade with intricate costumes, themed music and official prizes within various categories.

The origin of the word junkanoo is disputed. Theories include that it is named after a folk hero named John Canoe or that it is derived from the French gens inconnus (unknown people) as masks are worn by the revelers.[5] Douglas Chambers, professor of African studies at the University of Southern Mississippi, suggests a possible Igbo origin from the Igbo yam deity Njoku Ji referencing festivities in time for the new yam festival. Chambers also suggests a link with the Igbo okonko masking tradition of southern Igboland, which feature horned maskers and other masked characters in similar style to jonkonnu masks.[6] Similarities with the Yoruba Egungun festivals have also been identified.[7] However, an Akan origin is more likely because the celebration of the Fancy Dress Festivals/Masquerades are the same Christmas week (December 25–January 1) in the Central and Western Regions of Ghana and also John Canoe was in fact an existing Ahanta king and hero that ruled Axim, Ghana, before 1720, the same year the John Canoe festival was created in the Caribbean.[8]"...

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