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Showing posts with label The talented tenth and Sigma Pi Phi Fraternity/the Boule. Show all posts
Showing posts with label The talented tenth and Sigma Pi Phi Fraternity/the Boule. Show all posts

Sunday, June 9, 2024

Information About Sigma Pi Phi, The Oldest Black Greek Letter Fraternity (video & article excerpts)


WebTvMediaOhio, Jun 29, 2022

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Edited by Azizi Powell

This pancocojams post showcases a 2022 YouTube video about the Lambda boule (chapter) of Sigma Pi Phi Fraternity, the oldest African American Greek letter fraternity.

This post also presents online excerpts about Sigma Pi Phi Fraternity as well as the auto-generated transcript of that video with my minimum corrections to that transcription.

The content of this post is presented for historical and cultural purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to all those who are associated with this showcase video and thanks to all those who are quoted in this post.
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This post is part of an ongoing pancocojams series about historically Black Greek letter fraternities.

Click the tags below for pancocojams post on that subject and information about pancocojams post about the
subject of  "The talented tenth and Sigma Pi Phi Fraternity/the Boule."

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INFORMATION ABOUT SIGMA PI PHI FRATERNITY
Excerpt #1
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_Pi_Phi
"Sigma Pi Phi (ΣΠΦ), also known as The Boulé, founded in 1904, is the oldest fraternity for African Americans. The fraternity does not have collegiate chapters and is designed for professionals at mid-career or older. Sigma Pi Phi was founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The fraternity quickly established chapters (referred to as "member boulés"[A]) in Chicago, Illinois and then Baltimore, Maryland.[1] The founders included two doctors, a dentist and a pharmacist.[2] When Sigma Pi Phi was founded, black professionals were not offered participation in the professional and cultural associations organized by the white community.[3] Sigma Pi Phi has over 5,000 members and 139 chapters throughout the United States, the United Kingdom, The Bahamas, Colombia and Brazil.[4]

Membership

Membership in Sigma Pi Phi is highly exclusive, numbering only about 5,000.[10] The organization is known as "the Boulé," which means, in Ancient Greek "the Council".[11] Founded as an organization for professionals, Sigma Pi Phi never established collegiate chapters, and eliminated undergraduate membership during its infant stages.[12] However, Sigma Pi Phi has historically had a congenial relationship with intercollegiate Black Greek-letter organizations, as many members of Sigma Pi Phi are members of both. Sigma Pi Phi founder Henry McKee Minton and Martin Luther King Jr. were both members of Alpha Phi Alpha, while Arthur Ashe was a member of Kappa Alpha Psi. Vernon Jordan and L. Douglas Wilder are members of Omega Psi Phi. James Weldon Johnson was a member of Phi Beta Sigma, as was civil rights leader and member of Congress John Lewis (D-GA). University of Massachusetts-Boston Chancellor, Dr. J. Keith Motley, and Hibernia Southcoast Capital CEO (Retired), Joseph Williams are members of Iota Phi Theta. Members of Sigma Pi Phi have provided leadership and service during the Great Depression, World War I, World War II, the Great Recession, and addressed social issues such as urban housing, and other economic, cultural, and political issues affecting people of African descent.

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Excerpt #2
https://betaetaboule.org/history/
"I. Mission Statement

The mission of the Grand Boule of Sigma Pi Phi fraternity is to maintain an organization for the purpose of binding men of like qualities into a close, sacred, fraternal union, that may know the best of one another, and that each in this life may to his full ability aid the other, and by concerted action bring about those things that seem best for all that cannot be accomplished by individual effort."

II. Vision Statement

"The Grand Boule of the 21st Century will continue to serve as the pre-eminent fraternity for African American men of achievement. The Boule also will continue to aid the community by encouraging Archons to become better informed about and to take appropriate action on major public policy issues of concern to the community, and by supporting or providing social action programs that benefit disadvantaged African Americans."

III. Northeast Region Mission and Values

"This organization should be a fraternity in the true sense of the word, one whose chief thought should be …to bind men of like qualities, taste, and attainment into a close, sacred union that they may know the best of one another”.

IV. History of Sigma Pi Phi

“I believe that one of the greatest functions of history is to create inspiration, to inspire us to do greater things than have been done.”

First Grand Sire Archon (1908-1909)-Dr. Henry M. Minton, Founder

With this sentiment in mind, Grand Sire Archon Minton and 3 other esteemed men-Dr. Algernon B. Jackson, Dr. Richard J. Warrick and Dr, Edwin C. Howard, established Sigma Pi Phi Fraternity in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1904. The named their chapter, Alpha, the first letter in the Greek alphabet, was selected as the inaugural chapter’s name.

Through their monumental efforts, Sigma Pi Phi, thus became the first of the ‘Negro-American Greek-letter fraternities in the United States.’

These pioneering men, although impeccable in their character and successful by any standard of comparison, were nonetheless, “segregated in most areas of life, ostracized from the city’s (mainstream) social life, separated from the main stream in their educational and cultural activities and restricted to relatively few professions and occupations”, according to the ‘History of Sigma Pi Phi,’"...
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The term "Archon" refers to individual members of Sigma Pi Phi Fraternity. 

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Excerpt #3
From https://moguldom.com/311983/fact-check-is-there-a-black-secret-society-of-elites-called-the-boule/#google_vignette "Fact Check: Is There a Black Secret Society Of Elites Called The Boulé?"

Written by Isheka N. Harrison, Oct 20, 2020

"If you’ve never heard of the Boulé, that’s probably because it’s by design. Officially known as Sigma Pi Phi, the Boulé was founded in  Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1904 by Dr. Henry McKee Minton and five of his colleagues. Among the group were doctors, dentists and a pharmacist. It is the nation’s first Black Greek organization.

Before being exposed to the general public by various individuals in the 1990s and 2000s, the Boulé was on par with white organizations like Skull and Bones – people knew they existed but couldn’t really prove it.

Meaning “Council of Chiefs” or “Adviser to Kings” in Greek, the Boulé was for much of its existence an elite, invitation-only secret society for Black men of high regard. Members are chosen based on their professional accomplishments and community standing.

It is considered the “father” of the Black Greek-letter organizations that make up the Divine 9 (Alpha Phi Alpha, Kappa Alpha Psi, Omega Psi Phi, Phi Beta Sigma, Iota Phi Theta, Alpha Kappa Alpha, Delta Sigma Theta, Zeta Phi Beta and Sigma Gamma Rho).

In a 2011 interview, political researcher and speaker Steve Cokely called the Boulé an “illegal criminal enterprise” full of “Black complicity in this centralization of worldwide power the new world order.”

Truth Trafficker

@seethingsista

Boule has kept us in this position for all these decades.

7:53 PM · Oct 19, 2020

[…]

Cokely accused the Boulé of being in cahoots with white power structures to keep wealth and power limited to a very small part of the population.

“In page 28 of its first [Boulé] history book, it noted that it wanted to be like Skull and Bones at Yale,” Cokely said. “Those societies … and The Boule tend to make up a[n] aristocracy … in the terms of deputizing 10 percent of the population to assure that the 90 percent never catch on.”

In a 1990 interview with the Los Angeles Times, then incoming Boulé president Dr. Benjamin Major told reporter Karen Grigsby Bates that initially the organization was committed to maintaining its exclusivity.

However, Major said, they were shifting their focus to be more socially-engaged and making a commitment to uplift the less fortunate members of their community.

“Until eight or 10 years ago, we were just what we were perceived to be,” Major told the Times. “We don’t want to appear as if we were remaining above the problems of most black people. We know we didn’t get here solely by the dint of our own hard work. We owe a lot of people, and we have to give back to our brothers and sisters.”

The Boulé boasts some of the most notable Black men throughout history among its ranks, many of whom are admired and respected for their work to attain equality for the Black community. They include: W.E.B DuBois, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Dr. Benjamin E. Mays, Whitney Young, Arthur Ashe, John Lewis, Andrew Young, Ron Brown, Eric Holder, Kweisi Mfume, Herman Cain, etc."...

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TRANSCRIPT OF THIS SHOWCASE VIDEO

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lR4h_lYcrHQ

This is an autogenerated Transcript without the time stamps and the capitalization and punctuation and few spelling corrections that I added.

"In the beginning you really can't talk about the beginnings of Lambda boule without first giving a little bit of background about Sigma Pi Phi fraternity.

The founding of the Boule is very interesting.  We're talking about the turn of the century.

The Sigma Pi Phi fraternity uh represents the very first historically African-American fraternity of men and it was founded in Philadelphia in 1904.

But let's just back up just a little bit and take a glimpse at what life was for the black community.

Uh we know having just recently celebrated Juneteenth that what that was all about the slaves in the state of Texas getting the word much later that at least the emancipation had already happened.

And with emancipation came quite a resistance from much of the white community and particularly white southerners newly freed slaves in the last quarter of the 19th century just prior to when Sigma Pi Phi fraternity began had experienced a little taste of what life could be only to have it snatched from them.

At the turn of the century the worst uh killings and lynchings uh which is the movement all unto itself- uh when I'm teaching black history, I don't just talk about slavery.  I talk about the slavery that existed after slavery um and the the uh rise of the Klan and other white citizens groups and so on.

Born out of this situation was a group all of whom were medical, in in medical fields-most of them physicians--came together because they were bound by likeness and and shared uh systems of of belief and apparently philosophy.  And they got together and they found this bond amongst them and decided to organize.  And from that initial group they were smart enough to realize that if the crop is good you want to grow it.. So that first group of what we call our Alpha chapter uh the first group uh spread to uh the second group uh uh Beta in Chicago and and and so on.  So much so that there are now over 5 000
men and and way over 100 uh member Boules throughout the country.

That's important to know because it was essentially that philosophical and social cultural imperative that they understood that helped to shape another kind of fraternal explosion that came shortly thereafter for black people to survive this oppressive state we find ourselves in.  We gotta use our minds so we gotta value education.  We have to value education that will be …perhaps we felt certainly during segregation days our best ticket that would be the best way we could arm ourselves.  So when somebody says “I ain't got time for fraternity”.  Sir that's fine.  i don't try to argue with them long about that.  Uh hopefully they'll see the light and they'll see the good that comes from all of these sororities and fraternities.  But the very first one was Sigma Pi that provided a framework upon which the work that was done uh and all of the others.   Sigma Pi Phi helped to be a beacon of light .

Lambda Boule was founded in Columbus, Ohio in 1921. It was founded by a man named Truman Gibson who came from Atlanta from the Mobile Kappa Boule to help create the Lambda Boule chapter.  There were six initial men inducted. Each were men and prosperity and Columbus African-American men. Some were medical doctors.  Some were lawyers primarily. A couple [were] educators.  These men were considered leaders in the African-American community particularly in the Lincoln district.  The reason why this chap… this membership was created based on what's going on in the country at the time after world war:  one there was a lot of continued impoverishment of African Americans in the country, [a] lack of access to education, lack of … a lot of the diversity opportunities that weren't being given to us.  And the Sigma Pi Phi national organization saw Columbus as a city of prosperity for African Americans. So by bringing them here the goal was to establish a base for African-Americans in Columbus to advance affordable housing, removing poverty, bringing medical, retail, and other things to the city of Columbus.

Well known Boule members in Columbus include such icons as Kurt Moody who was the founder and president of the largest minority owned architectural firm in the world right here in the city of Columbus. A great man, Louis Smoot, founder of… not founder but president of uh Smoot uh construction company, [a] great company minority-owned.   People know him all over the nation.  Adobe..Autobadi, a great lawyer, uh done great things in this community.  As well everybody knows Otto Beatty. Uh it just goes on and on and on…Ted McDaniels, you know, a great musician. One of the best there is out there.

My favorite Boule event is the Christmas is for the Archousai event because we come together.  Black tie…The Archousai are beautiful in their evening gowns and their outstanding outfits and it's fun we come together and have fun.  And that's what i enjoy about Boule.  We enjoy the company of one another.  And the quality of that event is of the highest quality because we're honoring our spouses in our Archousai.  So I always enjoy that. We always have fun dancing and the older generation like myself we still do the electric slide but the younger generation have all kinds of new moves.  But everybody has a good time and it's an opportunity during the holiday season to say thank you to one another and to really express the appreciation that we have for one another in terms of all the things we do during the year whether it's the mentoring we do, the scholarship program that we do, the other kinds of community events that we support and sponsor.  Christmas for the Archousai is always an enjoyable event and my wife and I have loved that particular event."
-snip-

*"Archousai" is the name of the group for wives of Sigma Pi Phi members.

[Several men describe how they became members of the Lambda Boule]
 
“You know as I've described my background to you,  my parents didn't have a college education not to mention the professional background that you typically see with Lambda Boule members.  And i was not exposed to or had experience with Lambda or any other Sigma Pi Phi or any other fraternities coming up up until the time that i went to undergrad which we've had that conversation where i found out about Alpha Phi Alpha.  And [after that] that experience, I was introduced to Sigma Pi Phi through some professional friends in Sacramento.  So boule has been a part of my life for as long as i could remember.”

**
“My great uncle was in Boule in a Boule in Atlanta, Georgia and he was very close to our family.  We called him “Uncle Bud” and for any Boule meeting or any time he came to Atlanta or anytime we came to Atlanta, he would want to take my father to his Boule meetings.  And vice versa when he would come up to Columbus my father would do the same and that was something that was very near and dear to my Uncle Bud who I cherished and who was a big part of my life when I was at Morehouse College.  In addition to my uncle (my great uncle and my father's brother) my uncle is in the Boule in the Washington DC area.

I also have an uncle on my mother's side who is in a Boule in Atlanta, Georgia and then i have a cousin who is in the Boule in Nashville, Tennessee. 

**
“I heard about the Boule because there were a couple brothers that were Alphas that were in the Boule and they talked about this other ..for instance “Are you Alpha?  Are you us? You know what's this other thing”.. So i learned a little bit about it.  But then about 10 years ago …It's been about 10 years since i've been in the Boule.  Somebody approached me and said “Hey um.  We got another class coming in. Would you, would you consider being part of it.”  And so [I] checked it out.  You know some of the brothers are here are really good brothers.  I mean you would know most of them if I mentioned their names but [they are] just really good guys.  And what they were trying to do is to be part of the community.  Some of the philanthropic things that they had gone…Some of the social activities that were…It wasn't just about becoming another member of a social thing.   It was really more about the work that they were doing.”

**
“Um you know i was not aware of Lambda. of the Boule, in college out of college.  Uh, I never heard of it.  I mean uh a friend of mine, a guy named Rob Frazier who was at Huntington Bank at the time said “You know there's a group…You think you want to be part of and I want to sponsor you to come in here”. He introduced me and the good thing was [there] is so many other successful men that I would not [have] run into without Lambda.”

**
“Interestingly, I became aware of Lambda boule in New York City.  I was in New York representing the governor at that time.  I was his chief legal counsel and as you know we drafted Ohio's minority business development act. And again that's one of the things that I'm most appreciative of and proud of.  And so the governor sent me to New York actually to meet with Earl Graves who was the founder and editor of Black Enterprise [magazine].  And they were going to do a feature on the state of Ohio and the fact that we were one of the first states to pass a state minority business development act.  And while I was there meeting with Earl, interestingly, John Jacobs who at the time was the president and ceo of the Urban League came into Earl's office and i got to meet him.  And they were talking and Earl said “Oh, by the way, you should come to the Boule picnic this weekend”.  And i must have had a quizzical look on my face because he looked at me and said “Are you not a member of Boule?   Do you not know what boule is?”. And I said “Well (I've always been honest) No i do not know what boule is.”.  And he said “If you are at the top of your profession and if you are a leader in your community, you definitely should be in boule”.

***

[first speaker]

Boule is [being] committed I think to taking action that will hopefully level the playing field for blacks in society and and every Boule and every person in the national Sigma Pi Phi has been told that social action should be your priority.  I mean it's fine to have you know holiday party and gather and enjoy one another's company.  There’s nothing wrong with that at all and we do that in any professional or social organization uh does that.  But you have to have a higher purpose and and a greater meaning.  And the challenge continues I mean but we do have a lot of initiatives to try to achieve those goals.

I think the number one thing in my mind is mentorship.  You know we've…you know sort of having an affiliation with an elementary school, Island elementary school to try to help the mentorship there.  And I think we've had an impact but I do worry that you know we're doing enough to have a lasting impact.  You can't just go into a school and say you know “I somehow made it” you know. “I pulled up my bootstraps and made it through elementary school and high school and a nice college and professional school when you're talking to kids who have nothing.”

This [is] one opportunity to get together.  And when we get together, let's do something that's concrete.  Let's do something that's positive and that's going to have a meaningful if not lasting impact.  And when you give scholarships to outstanding students, that has a lasting impact.  Because if we can change the trajectory of these families by helping out with education, then we change the trajectory of community.

You have to start there."

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Saturday, June 8, 2024

Founding Dates And Locations For The First African American Greek Letter Fraternity & The Nine Historically Black Greek Letter Fraternities & Sororities

Edited by Azizi Powell

This pancocojams post presents the name of the first African American Greek letter fraternity and that fraternity's founded date and location.

This post also presents a list of the nine historically Black Greek letter fraternities and sororities that are colloquially known as "the Divine Nine" with their founding dates and locations.

In addition, this pancocojams post presents information about the founding date and location for the  National Pan-Hellenic Council, as well as information about the purposes of that organization.

The content of this post is presented for historical and cultural purposes.
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In this post, the referents "African American" and "Black" are used interchangeably with "Black" meaning Black people living in or from the United States. Furthermore, the referent "African American" and the referent "Black" means "a person who has some Black African ancestry or a person who has all Black African ancestry".

This post doesn't mean that there are no other predominately Black fraternities or sororities or no other fraternities or sororities that have individual chapters that are predominately Black. 
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Click the tag given below for more pancocojams posts about historically Black Greek letter fraternities and sororities.

Also, click the tag listed below for information about the closely related subject "The talented tenth and Sigma Pi Phi Fraternity/the Boule."

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THE NAME, FOUNDING DATE, AND FOUNDING LOCATION FOR THE FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN GREEK LETTER ORGANIZATION

Sigma Pi Phi Fraternity - founded May 10, 1930 at Howard University in Washington, DC.

From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_Pi_Phi 
"Sigma Pi Phi (ΣΠΦ), also known as The Boulé, founded in 1904, is the oldest fraternity for African Americans. The fraternity does not have collegiate chapters and is designed for professionals at mid-career or older. Sigma Pi Phi was founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"...

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MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL PAN-HELLENIC COUNCIL [Read information about the NPHC below.]

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. - founded December 4, 1906  z

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Phi_Alpha
"Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. (ΑΦΑ) is the oldest intercollegiate historically African American fraternity. It was initially a literary and social studies club organized in the 1905–1906 school year at Cornell University but later evolved into a fraternity with a founding date of December 4, 1906"...

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Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. - founded January 15, 1908

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Kappa_Alpha
"Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. (ΑΚΑ) is the first intercollegiate historically African American sorority.[3] The sorority was founded on January 15, 1908, at the historically black Howard University in Washington, D.C."...

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Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity. Inc. -founded January 5, 1911 
 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_Alpha_Psi
"Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc. (ΚΑΨ) is a historically African American fraternity. Since the fraternity's founding on January 5, 1911, at Indiana University Bloomington."

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Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc. - founded November 17, 1911 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega_Psi_Phi
"Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc. (ΩΨΦ) is a historically African-American fraternity. The fraternity was founded on November 17, 1911, the first at a historically black university, ...[on] Howard University [Washington, D.C.]".. 

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Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc - founded January 13, 1913

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Sigma_Theta
"Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. (ΔΣΘ) is a historically African American sorority... Delta Sigma Theta was founded on January 13, 1913 ...at Howard University in Washington, D.C."

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 Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc.- founded January 9, 1914

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi_Beta_Sigma
"Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc. (ΦΒΣ) is a historically African American fraternity. It was founded at Howard University in Washington, D.C., on January 9, 1914"...

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Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Inc - founded January 16, 1920
 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeta_Phi_Beta
"
Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Inc. (ΖΦΒ) is a historically African American sorority [that was founded] In 1920 [at] Howard University [Washington, D.C.]"...

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Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc.- founded November 12, 1922 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_Gamma_Rho
"
Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. (ΣΓΡ) is a historically African American sorority, international collegiate, and non-profit community service organization that was founded on November 12, 1922 ...[at] Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana."

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Iota Phi Theta Fraternity, Inc.- founded September 19, 1963 

"Iota Phi Theta Fraternity, Inc. (ΙΦΘ) is a historically African American fraternity. It was founded on September 19, 1963, at Morgan State University (then Morgan State College) in Baltimore, Maryland"...

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*INFORMATION ABOUT THE NATIONAL PAN-HELLENIC COUNCIL (NPHC), ALSO KNOWN AS "THE DIVINE NINE") 

From  https://www.nphchq.com/
"The National Pan-Hellenic Council, affectionately known as the “Divine Nine,” is composed of the following member organizations (listed in order of their founding):

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc.

Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc.

Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc.

Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc.

Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc.

Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc.

Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Inc.

Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc.

Iota Phi Theta Fraternity, Inc.


Founded on May 10, 1930 at Howard University in Washington, DC, the chartering organizations were:

 

Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc.

Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc.

Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Inc.

Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc.

Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc.

In 1931, Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., and Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc., joined the council, followed by Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. in 1937.

Iota Phi Theta Fraternity, Inc. joined the NPHC as the ninth affiliate member in 1997.

The purpose of the NPHC shall be to foster cooperative actions of its members in dealing with matters of mutual concern. Thus, NPHC promotes the well-being of its affiliate fraternities and sororities, facilitates the establishment and development of local councils of the NPHC, and provides leadership training for its constituents."...

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How African American W.E.B. DuBois And His "Talented Tenth" Concept Led To The Creation Of Historically Black Greek Letter Organizations (YouTube videos and two article excerpts)


Reading Through History, Aug 27, 2020

This video gives a brief description of the life and achievements of William Edward Burghardt Du Bois. 

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Edited by Azizi Powell

This is the first post in an ongoing pancocojams series about "The Talented Tenth" and "Sigma Pi Phi Fraternity/The Boule". Click that tag below to find other posts in this series.

This post showcases two YouTube videos of W/E.B. DuBois and presents information about DuBois.

The content of this post is presented for historical, cultural, and educational purposes.

Thanks to W.E.B. DuBois for his legacy. Thanks to all those who are associated with these videos and thanks to all those who are quoted in this post.

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SHOWCASE VIDEO #2 - 
W.E.B. Du Bois: The New Negro at The 1900 Paris Exposition

Black History in Two Minutes or so, Dec 18, 2020

At the turn of the twentieth century, W. E. B. Du Bois curated an exhibit at the Paris Exposition in France entitled “The Exhibit of American Negroes.” The exhibition used photographs to disrupt the negative imagery that was used to depict black Americans at the time.

With over 45 million visiting the exhibit, Du Bois was able to put the dignified black person front and center on an international scene. This illuminating experience propelled the “New Negro” movement in the United States, highlighting a sharp contrast from the Jim Crow agenda being pushed elsewhere. Du Bois would continue his excellence as an author, historian and activist, paving the way for other pro-black entities to exist.

In this episode of Black History In Two Minutes or So hosted by Henry Louis Gates Jr., with additional commentary from Rhae Lynn Barnes of Princeton University, Chad Williams of Brandeis University, and Farah Griffin of Columbia University, we celebrate an American hero who successfully elevated and illuminated the black experience for the world to see.

Black History in Two Minutes (or so) is a 2x Webby Award winning series....

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EXCERPTS ABOUT W.E.B. DUBOIS
Excerpt #1
From https://www.diversityexplained.com/read/blackhistorymonthdubois "BLACK HISTORY MONTH: W.E.B. DU BOIS’ “TALENTED TENTH” & THE HISTORY OF BLACK EDUCATION"
by Porter Braswell, 2022 ..."William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (pronounced “Due Boyss”) was a leading Black intellectual of the Progressive era (and beyond). He was the first Black man to receive a PhD from Harvard, helped co-found the NAACP, and over his 60-year career published some of the most important literature on race relations in America.

I grew up knowing about Du Bois not only because of my father, but also because his ideas still informed Black identity. As a radical opponent of assimilationist ideology, and an early proponent of Black autonomy, Du Bois represented the defiant, self-sufficient streak of Black American identity. His tireless campaigning against lynching and economic disenfranchisement made him an early champion of civil rights. But it was his brilliant, incisive mind that kept his ideas alive, well beyond the periods of their original relevance.

 

These ideas were controversial in his day, and some remain so. But he’s no longer the household name he once was. You may recognize him vaguely from a Black history unit in high school, but who remembers his actual ideas? And do we need to?

[…]

W.E.B. Du Bois (1868 – 1963) was born in Massachusetts and attended Fisk University, a historically Black institution in Nashville, TN. He received his PhD from Harvard University in 1895. Trained in history and sociology, he set to work investigating and publicizing – through empirical data and observation, as well as blistering rhetoric – the condition of Black Americans at the time.

Du Bois grew up in the wake of the Civil War. His childhood saw the passing of the fragile, radical period of Reconstruction, which made many new resources available to Black people – especially in education. He also witnessed the confusion and retaliation that followed. The notorious Black Codes that passed in every southern state soon disenfranchised Black citizens in every facet of society. And many of the reforms that had opened politics, education, civic engagement and wealth creation to Black communities failed to make good on their promises.

In this chaotic atmosphere, Black leaders took different approaches to solving the “Negro Problem,” as Booker T. Washington’s landmark 1903 anthology framed it. Washington himself was an incredibly industrious reformer, educator, and entrepreneur. He founded the Tuskegee Institute after an Alabama state grant approved the founding of a trade school for Black men. But he was forced to network, raise money, and invest an astounding level of personal labor to turn it into a functioning institution.

Washington was in fact Du Bois’ great adversary in the educational debate of the era. He believed that, in the wake of slavery and Reconstruction, Black people needed to focus on learning practical skills and acquiring financial security before fighting for equality. This meant accepting discrimination and working through it in order to win the respect of the white population, who still touted pseudoscientific myths about the intellectual inferiority of the Black race (not to mention other races).

Du Bois, on the other hand, believed that deference to white expectations would hamstring the progress of the race, which he acknowledged was in a completely unfair position of destitution – economic and intellectual – after 250 years of slavery. But Du Bois refused to accept that white people were the best arbiters and directors of Black progress. While Du Bois saw the value of technical and industrial training, as well as the necessity of economic security, he defended empirical insight, the social sciences, and human reason as the best answers to the “race problem.”

The “Talented Tenth” and the role of education in the Black community

When he wrote “The Talented Tenth” in 1903 for The Negro Problem, Du Bois was wrestling with all these seemingly intractable issues.

“The Talented Tenth” reflects one side of a stormy debate about the role of education in Black Americans’ lives. From Du Bois’ perspective, Black people had been denied the fundamental humanity and civilization that education affords. And the late 19th century focus on what we call “vocational training” was (perhaps inadvertently) preventing us from accessing education that helped us become better human beings, as opposed to money-making cogs

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Du Bois insisted on the value of the “Talented Tenth” for Black advancement by proving it out in hard numbers. But he also defended the humanistic value of education in ideal terms. The humanity that had been denied to Black people for so long was available to them now, if only the Talented Tenth would help them access it. Black and white America had to acknowledge this Talented Tenth existed and that they deserved access to higher education and leadership.

The controversial legacy of Du Bois and the “Talented Tenth”

Given that he was writing at a time when only 1 out of 3 Black children attended any form of school – and even then often for only a couple of months – it seems to me Du Bois conceived a critical defense for the transformative power of education and Black people’s right to it.

At the time, many uneducated Black citizens weren’t allowed to participate politically. At the time, there were less than 3,000 living Black college graduates. At the time, the proportion of Black students in secondary school hadn’t changed in 20 years.

Du Bois was crusading against a crisis of education and dehumanization. And when you read the “Talented Tenth” essay today, his arguments feel both idealistically uplifting and extremely tactical. His fundamental point – that we cannot reap the rewards of a good education without good educators – echoes our own debates about student success today."...

[...]

That said, I’m not sure I agree with Du Bois that it is the responsibility of talented Black individuals to sacrifice their own lives in the interest of remedying education, income, and employment disparities. These issues are not only Black people’s problems. They are everyone’s problems, and they are tied directly to the legacy of anti-Black discrimination in this country.

Obviously, the argument for a college-educated “Talented Tenth” no longer makes arithmetic sense when 30% of us have achieved the distinction. But perhaps more importantly, we have grown far beyond the need to prove ourselves. If all citizens are responsible for civic engagement, economic vitality, and sustainable growth in the United States – as well as the pursuit of our own happiness – then we are all responsible for addressing the racial disparities in our educational system. Even Du Bois himself eventually saw this and revised his Talented Tenth concept in favor of solidarity and cooperation across racial groups.

120 years ago, Du Bois closed his essay by repeating its opening line: “The Negro race, like all other races, is going to be saved by its exceptional men.” I say instead: we don’t need “saving.” What we need are equitable practices that allow as many Black people as possible to reach our exceptional, undeniable potential.

And it can’t possibly fall to us alone to make that happen."

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Excerpt #2
From https://www.aaihs.org/an-alternative-view-of-du-boiss-talented-tenth/

An Alternative View of Du Bois’s Talented Tenth By Stephanie Shaw  February 19, 2018 2

 *This post is part of our online forum on W.E.B. Du Bois @ 150.

 Published by AAIHS*

 *AAIHS= African American Intellectual History Society

"W. E. B. Du Bois published one of his most well-known and widely debated ideas in his 1903 essay titled “The Talented Tenth.”1 In it, he argued for the higher education of a tenth of the Black population from among whom would come the leaders of the race. Many scholars have concluded that it was an elitist theory that privileged the Black elite at the expense of all others. This discussion, however, offers a different perspective based on Du Bois’s training in philosophy and contends not only that his Talented Tenth was a parallel to Plato’s Philosopher Rulers (in The Republic, especially parts III, IV, VII, VIII), but that it was a radical proposal about how to reorder a society that restricted Black people’s opportunities, denied them civil rights, and even took their lives seemingly on a whim.

In Plato’s ideal republic, there was, indeed, a hierarchical society at the top of which were the Rulers who made the laws, organized the economy, and did things that we think of as in the purview of “the government.” After the Rulers and their Auxiliaries (who executed and enforced the rules), was the third group of people—workers. They included carpenters, bakers, shoemakers, and a variety of people of meager means, but workers also consisted of teachers, physicians, business owners, and other professionals. Some of these workers were people of substantial means, but the Rulers were obligated to prevent the development of extremes of wealth and poverty among individuals. They also had to make it possible for all people to live life. Their most important job was to create a good—just—society, making the Rulers a more ennobled class of people than we have regularly assumed them to be.

Even the process of their becoming leaders, mitigated the possibility of the Rulers becoming an exclusive clique. Wealth, family, and connections could not guarantee one a place among Plato’s Rulers, and neither poverty nor the lack of social connections or a lofty family pedigree could bar one from the group. The Rulers came to their position based on their education, experience, disposition, and character, and anyone could ultimately become one because everyone started out in the same educational system, pursuing the same course, advancing according to their ability. After finishing the formal schooling process and completing a mandatory two-year military stint, the graduates worked for the next fifteen or so years, during which time some of them would gain the experience, vision, patience, courage, wisdom—the character—to be among those from whom the Philosopher Rulers would come. It was a true merit system.

People could, however, be excluded from the leadership positions. A person’s desire to become a ruler could effectively eliminate him from the potential candidates. People who wanted to be rulers probably lusted after power and would not likely make good leaders. One who aspired to being rich would not be chosen. And those who were chosen could not accept pay for the work; money could spoil their vision, make them self-interested, and render them too vulnerable to special interests to be involved in politics. The primary concern of those who would be Rulers had to be the good of the group, the Republic. The potential and actual members of this group simply had to be talented, selfless, manifest certain abilities and dispositions, and be committed to goodness or justice.

Du Bois’s and Plato’s proposals further challenge the charge of elitism. First, both insisted on having publicly funded schools and colleges available to all and adequate training in all areas of work, including those that did not require a university education. Both men were adamant about the danger of installing people in positions for which they were not trained. Still, both proposals saw higher education as especially important. The ability to think for oneself was important to both philosophers, and both understood that the goal of education was not the work that it trained people to perform, but the life that work created. As Du Bois put it in 1903, “we may build bread winning, skill of hand and quickness of brain, with never a fear lest the child and man mistake the means of living for the object of life.” And it was the college-trained teachers who would keep those means directed toward the proper ends. For Du Bois, the job of these teachers was “to leaven the lump, to inspire the masses, to raise the Talented Tenth to leadership.”

In 1948, Du Bois reflected on and amended his original ideas about the Talented Tenth in a speech before the Boulé (Sigma Pi Phi), arguably the most elite Black organization in the country at the time. He was more, not less, insistent on the importance of The Talented Tenth. He wrote, “Willingness to work and make personal sacrifice for solving these problems [lynching, disfranchisement, segregation] was of course, the first prerequisite and sine qua non.” He added, “I did not stress this [in 1903], I assumed it.” He encouraged the expansion of the fraternity that he was addressing, but insisted that wealth should not be the only criteria for membership:

This new membership must not simply be successful in the American sense of being rich; they must not all be physicians and lawyers. The [people] . . . admitted must be those who . . . do not think that private profit is the measure of public welfare.

He sought “honest” and “self-sacrificing” men, describing it as “a question of character” and about which he admitted, “I failed to emphasize in my first proposal of a Talented Tenth.” Further challenging the charge of elitism, Du Bois made it clear that he was not counting on the Boulé members to fulfill the mandates of his Talented Tenth. .He announced: “What the guiding idea of Sigma Pi Phi was, I have never been able to learn.  I believe it was rooted in a certain exclusiveness and snobbery for which we all have a yearning even if unconfessed.” He accused them of manifesting an “unconscious and dangerous dichotomy” of possessing an “identity with the poor” while “act[ing] and sympathiz[ing] with the rich.”…

He ended the commentary with a profoundly pessimistic declaration that simultaneously reflected badly on the character of the Boulé members: “Naturally, I do not dream that a word of mine will transform, to any essential degree, the form and trends of this fraternity, but I am certain the idea called for expression and that the seed must be dropped whether in this or other soil today or tomorrow.” In short, if the Boulé members saw themselves as de facto members of Du Bois’s Talented Tenth, they were clearly mistaken.

If we view it in a particular way, Du Bois’s Talented Tenth proposal was actually quite radical. Consider, for example, that according to 1986 U. S. Census data it was not until 1984(!) that at least ten percent of Black Americans over the age of 25 had completed at least four years of college (p. 134). What if ten per cent of Black Americans had been college trained three generations earlier (when Du Bois first proposed The Talented Tenth) and trained for and committed to the creation of a good—just—society? Would it have taken two whole generations more for the eruption of the modern civil rights movement or the passage of the Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts? Would they have even been necessary?

Even though it is a question that we cannot answer, considering the segregation, disfranchisement, underfunding of Black public schools, and the specter of lynching that most Black people lived every day at the turn of the twentieth century, it is a question worth considering. In that context, it is difficult to imagine a more radical proposition than one that encouraged and sought to prepare people for a lifetime of learning and service to others and a commitment to the creation of a good, just, society."
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'This essay is adapted from Stephanie Shaw, W. E. B. Du Bois and The Souls of Black Folk (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013). ↩

Stephanie Shaw is Professor of History at the Ohio State University. Her major fields of study include American Women’s, Labor, and Social history. Shaw is the author of What a Woman ought to Be and to Do: Black Professional Women Workers during the Jim Crow Era (University of Chicago Press, 1995) and W. E. B. Du Bois and The Souls of Black Folk (University of North Carolina Press, 2013). She is currently completing a book on slave families and communities in the nineteenth century South."

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