Edited by Azizi Powell
Latest revision - June 25, 2023
This list of basic stomp and shake terms include terms such as "jiggle pop" and "upstomp" that appear to have been retired and replaced with currentl y used terms "double shake" and "high steps".
This list also includes online sources/citations for definitions that I didn't write.
The content of this post is presented for linguistic and recreational purposes only.
All copyrights remain with their owners.
Thanks to all those who helped create stomp and shake cheerleading and thanks to all those who were involved or are involved in stomp and shake cheerleading.
Thanks also to all those who are quoted in this post.
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PANCOCOJAMS EDITOR'S NOTE:
These definitions were largely gleaned from watching YouTube stomp and shake videos and reading the discussion threads for those videos.
I have never been a cheerleader and have never seen stomp and shake cheerleading in person.
Additions and corrections are very welcome.
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BASIC TERMS FOR STOMP AND SHAKE CHEERLEADING
attitude- an essential and multifaceted aspect of stomp and shake cheerleading that goes far beyond the standard meaning of having a "bad attitude".
"Attitude" is the cheerleading being "bad" (in the African American vernacular meaning of that word), being super confident, spirited, having (or being) swag, being emotionally "strong", "sassy", "for real", "tough" and "rough". These descriptions of "attitude" for stomp and shake cheerleaders are the opposite of the image of "perky", smiling traditional cheerleaders.
In stomp and shake cheerleading, "attitude" refers to the moods (feelings) that the cheerleaders convey that fit the specific cheer that is being chanted and performed. In stomp and shake cheerleading, "attitude" also refers to the image that cheerleaders project of being super confident (having swag, being the G.O.A.T. (formerly expressed by the saying that a person has "it" or saying that a person is "head man on campus".
"Attitude" is the cheerleading being "bad" (in the African American vernacular meaning of that word), being super confident, spirited, having (or being) swag, being emotionally "strong", "sassy", "for real", "tough" and "rough". These descriptions of "attitude" for stomp and shake cheerleaders are the opposite of the image of "perky", smiling traditional cheerleaders.
In stomp and shake cheerleading, "attitude" refers to the moods (feelings) that the cheerleaders convey that fit the specific cheer that is being chanted and performed. In stomp and shake cheerleading, "attitude" also refers to the image that cheerleaders project of being super confident (having swag, being the G.O.A.T. (formerly expressed by the saying that a person has "it" or saying that a person is "head man on campus".
The words of stomp and shake cheers and the way that they are performed are often "hot" (meaning "hot tempered" and/or "hot" meaning "fire"="very good") "fiery", spicy", and "well seasoned". These descriptors are the opposite of traditional cheerleading cheers and their performances which are usually considered (by fans of stomp and shake cheerleading) to be "bland" and "boring".
Stomp and shake cheerleaders demonstrate and covey "having attitude" and "giving attitude" during their cheer routines by leaning forward with a glare
on their face at the end of a cheer (in imitation of an actual fighting stance), and/or doing a head nod, and/or pointing their finger
while saying some words, and/or slapping their hands together with their arms extented in front of their body while saying certain
words to emphasize those words, etc.
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battle cheer/s - a cheer or cheers that are chanted and performed during cheer battles (also called "cheer offs" ) Read cheer offs below
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battling - read "cheer battle"
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beats
from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_(music)
"In music and music theory, the beat is the basic unit of time, the pulse (regularly repeating event), of the mensural level[1] (or beat level).[2] The beat is often defined as the rhythm listeners would tap their toes to when listening to a piece of music, or the numbers a musician counts while performing, though in practice this may be technically incorrect (often the first multiple level). In popular use, beat can refer to a variety of related concepts, including pulse, tempo, meter, specific rhythms, and groove."...
from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_(music)
"In music and music theory, the beat is the basic unit of time, the pulse (regularly repeating event), of the mensural level[1] (or beat level).[2] The beat is often defined as the rhythm listeners would tap their toes to when listening to a piece of music, or the numbers a musician counts while performing, though in practice this may be technically incorrect (often the first multiple level). In popular use, beat can refer to a variety of related concepts, including pulse, tempo, meter, specific rhythms, and groove."...
bleachers
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleacher
"Bleachers (North American English), or stands, are raised,
tiered rows of benches found at sports fields and other spectator events.
Stairways provide access to the horizontal rows of seats, often with every
other step gaining access to a row of benches"
bleacher cheers (also known as "stand cheers") - cheers/chants that are performed by stomp and shake cheerleaders who are seated or standing in bleachers during male or female basketball games. During the sit down performance of some of these cheers, the cheerleaders rhythmically hit the bleachers while stomping their feet and doing other motions (such as waving their hands, and/or patting their body.)
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body patting (also known as "patting juba") - alternating clapping your hands and slapping your chest, thighs, and/or legs to produce percussive rhythms/sounds
Click https://www.britannica.com/art/juba-dance for more information
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call - the introductory portion of many stomp and shake cheers wherein the cheer captain or another designated squad member says the name of the cheer and may also chant the beginning portion of the cheer or the entire cheer. That cheerleader may also perform the portion of the cheer or the entire cheer during this call
body patting (also known as "patting juba") - alternating clapping your hands and slapping your chest, thighs, and/or legs to produce percussive rhythms/sounds
Click https://www.britannica.com/art/juba-dance for more information
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call - the introductory portion of many stomp and shake cheers wherein the cheer captain or another designated squad member says the name of the cheer and may also chant the beginning portion of the cheer or the entire cheer. That cheerleader may also perform the portion of the cheer or the entire cheer during this call
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caller - the cheerleader who is performing a stomp and shake cheer's call
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captain - the leader of the cheer squad
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chant - a very brief, repetitive words that are spoken by cheerleaders
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cheer -a composition that is chanted and performed by cheerleaders that consist /s of rhyming lines that are chanted by stomp and shake cheerleaders while they perform synchronized, rhythmic routines; certain stomp and shake cheers are widely "copied" by (before university level) squads. However, originality is highly valued. Even if a cheerleading squad chants the words of a popular cheer, it's considered preferable to perform different motions (However, it appears that the motions for many popular stomp and shake cheers are copied along with their words.)
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cheer battle -cheer battle (also sometimes known as "cheer offs", or "stand battles",- an exchange of confrontational stomp and shake cheers that are chanted and performed by two alternating cheerleading squads during their athletic teams' game or otherwise;
Some stomp and shake cheer battles occur throughout the entire basketball or football game as the two cheerleader squads cheer on the sidelines or in the stands/bleachers during basketball games.
Other cheer battles occur when two squads face each other on the field sidelines during football games or on center court (the middle of the gym floor) during half-time of basketball games.
The two squads compete against each other to determine whose cheers are the best (most hyped, most attitude, most confrontational) and whose moves [routines] are the best (the cleanest [not sloppy], sharpest, most in sync (performing the moves together) etc.)
Other cheer battles occur when two squads face each other on the field sidelines during football games or on center court (the middle of the gym floor) during half-time of basketball games.
The two squads compete against each other to determine whose cheers are the best (most hyped, most attitude, most confrontational) and whose moves [routines] are the best (the cleanest [not sloppy], sharpest, most in sync (performing the moves together) etc.)
No official winner of a cheer battle is ever announced. The winner is determined by the opinions of those in attendance at that cheer battle or those who view that cheer battle online
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cheerleader - member of a cheerleading squad (team)
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cheer offs - read "cheer battle"
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cheerleader routine - The cheerleading squads' chants and synchronized, choreographed motions that are done during a game, competition, cheer off, or at another event
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cheer squad - cheerleading team (squad) which is auxiliary of a school, university, community etc.'s athletic team.
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cheer voice - the deep, bass sounding voice that stomp and shake cheerleaders are supposed to use during their performances; Stomp and shake cheer voices are the result of those cheerleaders speaking from their diaphragm; Using this cheer voice is supposed to strengthen the vocalization making the cheerleaders' voices louder and evoking strength and power; However, perhaps because many stomp and shake cheerleaders don't know how to speak from their diaphragm, in most YouTube stomp and shake videos, the words that are being said are very difficult to understand.
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CIAA -
from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Association
"The Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level. CIAA institutions mostly consist of historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs).[1]
The twelve member institutions reside primarily along the central portion of the East Coast of the United States, in the states of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. Since a majority of the members are in North Carolina, the CIAA moved its headquarters to Charlotte, North Carolina from Hampton, Virginia in August 2015.[2]"...
claps - rhythmically hitting your hands to the beat during the cheerleader routine
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confrontational cheers -cheers that are verbally antagonistic and combative toward a cheer squad's opponent and its school and/or athletes. Confrontational cheers may only consist of or usually also include bragging words about the cheerleader's squad, school, and/or athletes; Confrontational cheers are chanted during cheer battles and otherwise.
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dance off- similar to cheer offs, a dance off is a competition between two stomp and shake cheerleading squads during basketball half time or to determine which squad performs a dance (movement) routine to the same (usually Hip Hop/R&B music) the best.
No winner is announced. People in attendance and people who watch the dance off online form their own oppinion about who won that competition.
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double shakes (formerly referred to as "jiggle pops")
[Note: "Jiggle pops" may have only referred to a fast type of double shake][
definition #1 for double shakes
"Jigga-pop" or some call a "double shake" is a little hard to put into words. It's where you throw your hip over so hard it "whips back". It's very difficult to catch on to if not taught properly.... - email from upstompjunkie* to Azizi Powel, 2011/2012
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Definition #2 -double shake
"take your hip to one side twice, and then take your hip to the other side twice" - Jus Cheer Tutorial #6- "Cheer Shakes", Two Sockz Productions, Apr 30, 2020,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQjPI5Q5s50
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diss cheers - insult cheers (types of confrontational cheers)
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facials - facial expressions that stomp and shake cheerleaders make that fit the words, moves, and tone of the cheer that they are performing (such as a glare, serious expression, or a smile)
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field cheers- cheers that are performed in the football field during half-time
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Formation - the geometric ways that cheerleaders stand for their cheer performances, usually in horizontal lines
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diss cheers - insult cheers (types of confrontational cheers)
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facials - facial expressions that stomp and shake cheerleaders make that fit the words, moves, and tone of the cheer that they are performing (such as a glare, serious expression, or a smile)
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field cheers- cheers that are performed in the football field during half-time
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Formation - the geometric ways that cheerleaders stand for their cheer performances, usually in horizontal lines
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HBCU -
abbreviation for "Historically Black Colleges And Universities"
Stomp and shake cheerleading appears to have originated at two historically Black Colleges and Universities in the early to mid 1970s: Virginia State University (Petersburg Virginia), and Winston Salem State University (North Carolina). Those two universities and certain other HBCUs are known for their stomp and shake cheerleading squads. However, not all HBCU cheerleading squads perform stomp and shake cheerleading and recently some non-HBCU cheerleading squads have stomp and shake cheerleading squads. In addition, stomp and shake cheerleading is performed at the elementary school, middle school, and high school levels by African Americans and by non-African Americans.
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head snaps (head pops) - head motions that convey attitude (toughness)
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high steps (formerly referred to as "upstomps")
abbreviation for "Historically Black Colleges And Universities"
Stomp and shake cheerleading appears to have originated at two historically Black Colleges and Universities in the early to mid 1970s: Virginia State University (Petersburg Virginia), and Winston Salem State University (North Carolina). Those two universities and certain other HBCUs are known for their stomp and shake cheerleading squads. However, not all HBCU cheerleading squads perform stomp and shake cheerleading and recently some non-HBCU cheerleading squads have stomp and shake cheerleading squads. In addition, stomp and shake cheerleading is performed at the elementary school, middle school, and high school levels by African Americans and by non-African Americans.
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head snaps (head pops) - head motions that convey attitude (toughness)
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high steps (formerly referred to as "upstomps")
Definition entry #1
"An upstomp is when you drive your right foot in the ground and you lift your left leg up in a 90 degree angle. You want to make sure that you're pointing your toes. That's very imperative when you upstomp 'cause if you don't it's not gonna look good. So you wanna make sure that you drive your right leg into the ground and then you're snapping your left leg up to a 90 degree angle with your toe pointed. You wanna see what it looks like? We'll show you.right now".... from UFIT UNIVERSERTY video on Facebook about upstomps https://www.facebook.com/UFITCHEERANDDANCEINC/videos/what-is-an-upstomp/2480945182208611/, October 27, 2020
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Definition entry #2
"… With the upstomp, leg placement (the leg coming up) should be close to a 90 degree as possible with the upstomp foot POINTING downwards and beside the opposite knee as if you are in a (lib)"....Former Winston Salem State University cheerleader CeerPhi93 (former Winston Salem State University cheerleader) writing in 2022 in the discussion thread for the YouTube video entitled Southern University "Code Blue" Stomp & Shake Cheer Team | 2020, Marvin Price, March 7, 2020 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vu5VNhE493U
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I don't understand what "in a (lib)" means in that comment
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High steps are performed by both female and male cheerleaders.
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Definition entry #2
"… With the upstomp, leg placement (the leg coming up) should be close to a 90 degree as possible with the upstomp foot POINTING downwards and beside the opposite knee as if you are in a (lib)"....Former Winston Salem State University cheerleader CeerPhi93 (former Winston Salem State University cheerleader) writing in 2022 in the discussion thread for the YouTube video entitled Southern University "Code Blue" Stomp & Shake Cheer Team | 2020, Marvin Price, March 7, 2020 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vu5VNhE493U
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I don't understand what "in a (lib)" means in that comment
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High steps are performed by both female and male cheerleaders.
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Hip roll - "This is when you have a lot of hip sequences and you want a breather, you just roll it out"
-Jus Cheer Tutorial #6- "Cheer Shakes" Two Sockz Productions, Apr 30, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQjPI5Q5s50
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motions (also called "moves") -choreographed, synchronized moves that are performed during a cheer routine
Hip roll - "This is when you have a lot of hip sequences and you want a breather, you just roll it out"
-Jus Cheer Tutorial #6- "Cheer Shakes" Two Sockz Productions, Apr 30, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQjPI5Q5s50
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motions (also called "moves") -choreographed, synchronized moves that are performed during a cheer routine
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neck rolls (also given as "rolling your neck") - this move is added to a routine to show swag and attitude
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pelvic thrusts- dance move in which the pelvis is moved in and out to the beat
Click https://dancemoves.fandom.com/wiki/Pelvic_thrust for more information.
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pep rallies -an event before a school sports event that is meant to get students and fans excited and to encourage the team to win
-https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pep%20rally
neck rolls (also given as "rolling your neck") - this move is added to a routine to show swag and attitude
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pelvic thrusts- dance move in which the pelvis is moved in and out to the beat
Click https://dancemoves.fandom.com/wiki/Pelvic_thrust for more information.
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pep rallies -an event before a school sports event that is meant to get students and fans excited and to encourage the team to win
-https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pep%20rally
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shake- move your hips from side to side with rapid, forceful motions; The "shake" movement is one in which the female and male cheerleaders shake their hips from right to left to the beat. This movement differs from jiggle pop in that these aren't fast, repetitive shakes. [Notie: Based on the YouTube videos that I've watched, male stomp and shake cheerleaders don't usually do shakes or their shakes are much more restrained then the female cheerleaders.
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Sidelines -
"the space immediately outside the lines along either side of an athletic field or court"
- https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sideline
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Sideline cheers - basketball or football cheers that are performed on the sidelines
Single shake -"shake [your hip] once this way [to one side] and then bring it to the other side" [shaking once] And you'll just keep going.
-Jus Cheer Tutorial #6- "Cheer Shakes" Two Sockz Productions, Apr 30, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQjPI5Q5s50
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stands - bleachers
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stand battles - (read "cheer battles"
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stomp - to hit the ground or floor in a rhythmic manner to create a loud bass sound (One type of stomp was formerly known as "downstomp").
"The "downstomp" movement is the same as the "upstomp" except that the cheerleader doesn't raise her (or his) knee high when doing that stomping movement."- upstomp junkie, former WSSU cheerleader, via email to Azizi Powell, 2022/2012
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stomps - the motions that are made while stomping
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stomps - the motions that are made while stomping
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stomp and shake cheerleading -"Stomp and shake cheerleading" -formerly abbreviated as Stomp N Shake (SNS)- is a referent for a relatively new form of style of cheerleading that originated among African Americans in the early 1970s.
Stomp and shake cheerleading is performed by cheer squads for basketball games, for football games, during pep rallies, and at other events such as cheer battles.
Like traditional cheerleading, the purpose of the cheer squad is to support the athletes playing the sport and to increase the enthusiasm of people attending the athletic game or people who are otherwise watching the game. However, stomp and shake cheerleaders strive to achieve those goals in different ways from traditional cheerleaders.
Stomp and shake cheerleading is influenced by and incorporates African American cultural material from African American Vernacular English (AAVE), African American group performance arts such as historically Black fraternity and sorority stepping, Hip Hop/R&B music, African American cultural aesthetics, and other indices of African American culture.
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"Switch hip" - almost like a "double shake*
-Jus Cheer Tutorial #6- "Cheer Shakes" Two Sockz Productions, Apr 30, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQjPI5Q5s50
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*Pancocojams Editor - This move that is demonstrated in this video is slower than a double shake.
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throw a cheer - perform a stomp and shake cheer
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traditional cheerleading- a referent for the earliest form of cheerleading in which cheerleaders perform chants/cheers that are usually much different from stomp and shake cheers/chants and whose performances are much different from stomp and shake cheerleading. Traditional cheerleaders also do stunts and tumbling. While some stomp and shake cheerleading squads also do stunts and tumbling, most of those squads don't and stunts and tumbling is prohibited by the CIAA, the athletic conference in which most HBCU cheerleading squads belong.
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vocalizations - exclamations or signature verbalizations that may be made during a stomp and shake cheer or chant'; These vocalizations are sometimes referred to as "call" and are similar to vocalizations that are made by particular historically Black fraternities and sororities during "stepping". However, this definition of "calls" is different than the definition for "call" in this stomp and shake basic terms glossary.
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