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Showing posts with label United States history. Show all posts
Showing posts with label United States history. Show all posts

Wednesday, June 18, 2025

The "92%" Referent For Black American Women Who Voted For Kamala Harris For United States President November 2024 (Part II: Comments)

Edited by Azizi Powell

This is Part II of a two part pancocojams series about 92% as a referent for Black American women who voted for Kamala Harris for President of the United States in the November 5, 2024 national election.  

This post presents some online comments about the use of 92% as a referent for Black American women who voted for Kamala Harris for President of the United States in the November 5, 2024 national election.

Additional comments that don't include the referent "92%" are included in this compilation for background and context purposes. 

Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2025/06/the-use-of-92-as-referent-for-black.html for Part I of this pancocojams series. That post showcases two YouTube video shorts and includes some online information about that use of 92%. .

The content of this post is presented for historical, socio-cultural, and political purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to all those who are quoted in this pancocojams post.

****
SELECTED COMMENTS ON THIS SUBJECT

The online sources for these comments are presented in relative chronological order based on their publishing date.

Numbers have been added for referencing purposes only.


VLOG DISCUSSION THREAD #1
From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UZIvS8KYKWs "Black Women This is not our lesson to learn", published by Breakthrough Girl, Nov 8, 2024

1. @mildredroman-vo9lq, November 2024
"
Yes, Black and Latina women showed up! Especially,  the African American communities ❤❤❤"

**
Reply
2. 
@PaperHeartScissors, November 2024
"
❤ right on….and for those others FAFO"

**
3. 
@stayinthefight1224, November 2024
"The majority of Black people in general tried to save this democracy. Because we all KNEW what was going to hit the fan if Trump got elected. These other cultural groups chose to vote against their own interest. Black people have been THROUGH IT in America. And we are STILL here. We were mentally conditioned to deal with hardship.

Good luck to the rest of these folks.

**
4. 
@justinekingmaker493, November 2024
"
I am honestly so happy to have seen the numbers return on "Who voted for who."

And seeing that Black women heard, understood the assignment, turned in the homework on time - Really says a LOT!

Thank you.

As a White woman, I'm so disappointed. We missed the lesson, we didn't understand the assignment, we didn't turn in the homework.

Predominantly, we listened to our big brothers - you know, the ones who dropped out of school, beat up your friends for their lunch money, and threatened to tell Mom and Dad if you told on him.

Yeah, that."

**
5. 
@superflywash08, November 2024
"
My grandmother used to express to me and my siblings that if you think you learned a lesson, God will test you to see if you make the right choice this time. Now I'm not a super religious person and my older age, but certain things from her stick out. That's what happened. America runs around shouting that we're not who we used to be and we've changed and we've grown. And the test keeps being put in front of them, and they keep failing it . The selection just showed that once again, it's all talk. This lesson going to be harder to learn than they think.. it's going to be rough but we got to keep our heads up"

**
6. 
@MsIndigoNY2, November 2024
"
God bless my sista you have so elegantly spoken for me. I gotta say the betrayal, the pain, the hurt is so real. I still cry bc it hurts to the depths of soul that black women who has shown up for everybody but up til now NEVER asked for anything in return, when we finally did ask they spat in our faces & turned their backs on us. It's rest time for Black Women. We will be standing back BUT WE WON'T BE STANDING BY 🙋🏾‍♀️"

**
7. 
@ardyn_s, November 2024
"
This 100%. We came thru. Ppl love to point out that we dont have "community". But what was that on the exit polls?! Our strong sense of justice was beaten into us and we have carried this country on our backs since we were dragged here. We tried to save America from itself several times before, this unfortunately, isnt new. I hope to be resting from America in another country before January."

**
8. 
@TheEventBoutiqueDC, November 2024
"
"Come back and report,  let us know how it went"...  our new motto as we prepare to back out of the fight for a spell and let someone else do the work."

**
9. 
@ThomDavid, November 2024
"
I am consuming every video that comes across my feed from the only demographic that nailed this election from the jump and never wavered: Black women. It isn’t hard to figure out the voices to listen to right now and which ones to let fly; the numbers do not lie."

**
10. 
@belindasanders1719, November 2024
"
This 63 year old black woman says that we did our part. Let other's learn the hard way. They are going to go through some things.

 

I'm good over here."

**
11. 
@donnaharding9604, November 2024
"
We survived chattel slavery, Jim Crow, Segregation. We will survive this. We’ve had practice. All the other others, not as much. They have not learned what Black people already knew: all of us others will NEVER be the same as them in their minds. 😢"

**
12. @jacquelineduplantier5563, November 2024
"
Excellent commentary.  💯💯💯👏🏽👏🏽👏🏽. 40 years ago, an older Black male co-worker stated that “there is a difference in being “brought” to America and “coming” to America.”  The 2024 election is NOT our lesson to learn!!!"

**
Reply
13. 
@ridge7524, November 2024
"
Definitely not our lesson to learn. we are caught up in it though.  Move smart,protect 💙🗽"

**
14. 
@E_Loha, November 2024
"
I am a Latina who as a child was spit on by white kids and told to go back where I came from (I was born here). We were 3rd largest group to vote for Harris. I will always stand for our interests as POC."

**
15. 
@maryhilton9039, November 2024
"
Happy to be apart of the 92%"

**
16. 
@Islandgirl8939, November 2024
"
I am so proud of how black women showed up for democracy. You are absolutely correct, this is NOT our lesson to learn."

**
17. 
@MaryJames-d1d, November 2024
"
This is NOT Black women's fight...we have already PROVEN we will survive and be OK

**
18. 
@judithkcolbert8483, November 2024
"
Excellent point, thank you young woman.👏🏽👏🏽👏🏽 The woman was right, this is not our lesson, I’m a 75 year old black woman who fought in the 60’s, we tried to tell them, now we have to suffer with them and I’m frustrated as hell. But we are survivors of this racist country, and still made progress. We have a core strength from our ancestors and  experience that has brought us this far and will continue to move us forward.🙏🏾✝️🙌🏾"

**
19. @yazohgarrison-uw6lv, November 2024
"
Kamala bet on women to fight for women's rights. Black women did with voting 92% for Kamala but unfortunately white women didn't learn from 2016 and once again chose their whiteness over country by voting 53% for trump! So don't protest now! The time to do that was on November 5th with your vote.

Kamala 2028💙"

**
20. 
@carolynfrink5569, November 2024
"
Everything you said reminds me of the history of Black Women in this country.  We have a history of caring for others at the expense of our own children and ourselves, and never experiencing the "soft life" we helped create for others. I will end it this way,  in the words of the brother on the 1980s slow jam commercial where his friend wants to borrow his LP, " No my brother,  you got to get your own ". #carryonsistahs"

**
21. 
@BellMeOut, November 2024
"
Voted for Kamala, I'm at peace. Well said.  They gon miss us,  BW taking 2 seats now."

**
22. 
@vivathecat7052,November 2024
"
As the saying goes: "I can show you better than I can tell you". They are about to learn the hard way and oh well."

**
23. 
@captm9025, November 2024
"
We have to let them learn."

**
24. 
@AlaskaCandi, November 2024
"
I’m still here due to my ancestors… yup, I’m looking out for myself now… resting n relaxing"

**
25. 
@kimw.9626, November 2024
"
STAND DOWN! I'm feeling you 100!"

**
26.
@chebbiereadsandknits672, November 2024
"
I’ll be here drinking water and minding my business. We did what was needed but we can’t do it alone. Like you said, “report back, we’re resting.” "

 **
27. 
@karriet1, November 2024
"
To my sistAH'S: we've done our part.  We tried to tell them.  They didn't want to listen.  The difference now, is that we KNOW how to navigate and survive oppression.  They will be in for a big shock.  I'm going to kindly need you all to now close your door, mind your business, and stick to God.  We need a break, so we gonna sit the next 4+ years out.  Good Luck to them ✌🏾"

**
Reply
28. 
@marcellekendrick5459, November 2024
"
Yes my dear....sit tight and mind my business for the next 4 years. I have popcorn ready.....it is about to go down.and I am here for it."

**
29. 
@ellen-t1p, November 2024
"
We as black women should be proud of what we did."

**
30. 
@johnnix862, November 2024
"
Something nefarious, happened to that vote. The numbers don't match. I believe the fix is in!"

**
31. 
@EatWell23QWB, November 2024
"When a black woman is done, trust me she’s DONE! Going forward we will grab our popcorn, take a seat, and watch ya’ll from the sidelines. Make no mistake, black women will continue to fight for justice. We just won’t join you at your marches, protests, and rallies anymore. All those who chose to vote away our freedoms, just know that black women are DONE! Never again! Good luck! Peace & Love!"

**
Reply
32. @dorothyterry6754, November 2024
"Yep, I'm done. My sistahs, let's continue to take care of ourselves and each other."

**
33. @t.e.8084, November 2024
"
Those groups that voted for Trump did not go through the pain of centuries and then years of struggle . When we achieved voting rights they did. Everything we fought for they benefited from."

**
Reply
34. 
@sk8queen, November 2024
"
They finna seeee nowww!"

**
35. 
@Sarcasaurus76, November 2024
"
I'm so embarrassed by the white woman's vote. 53 percent for the convict?! 

There are no words."

**
Reply
36. 
@captm9025
"
We have to let them learn.

I've also seen 77%,  78%, and 80% given as the percentage for Black American men who voted for Kamala Harris on November 5, 2024.

**
Reply
47.@derrickscarborough3220, November 2024
"Yes they are I am part of the 81 percent too"

**
48. 
@cjohnson2159, December 2024
"
I’m so grateful, I was a part of the 92%! I can have peace that we tried. 💯🤦🏾‍♀️"

**
49. 
@janjr165, December 2024
"
Sometime folks have to see something for themselves to believe it. Us Black folks tried to educate and help others understand (i.e. - White people, Latinos, Muslims, Palestinians, etc); but now, they’re gonna have to go through the fire and find out what and how this country feels about “them” for themselves. Take care of yourselves, My Black People - I love you!

🙏🏾❤️"

****
VLOG DISCUSSION THREAD #2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4FePFOiPnc "Rest as Resistance: Reclaiming Rest as a Black Woman" published by Latrice Kelly, Nov 25, 2024

When was the last time you rested—not out of exhaustion, but out of intention? For Black women, rest isn't just self-care; it's a radical act of resistance. systemic oppression, such as slavery and labor exploitation, deprived Black people, especially women, of rest.

Historical patterns have influenced present-day expectations of overwork and productivity. Black women disproportionately face workplace stress and burnout. Rest reclaims humanity and joy.

Share your own journey toward embracing rest.

@ReeMoni24, January 2025
"Proud 92% here. I’m no longer stepping up to rescue anyone who’s not willing to do the same for me.😊"

**
@Julybaby69, January 2025
"Like Congresswoman Maxine Waters says “I’m Reclaiming My Time “.😁. Proud 92%❤"

**
@TonyaK-ky5pd,January 2025
"It is sad when we as black women go out to help those in need, and don`t get any help in return when we need it!

Men and white america are not on our side, women should just get together and form an alliance, where women support and protect each other!"

**
@jontisesamuelslewis7092, January 2025
"
Come on, 92! 💪🏾"

****
VLOG DISCUSSION THREAD #3
From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDOeAdylW2I "Woke White Women Are Not Happy With The 92percenters Black Women Over Women's March. #fafo", published by Esther Natukunda, Jan 13, 2025

[Pancocojams Editor's Note:
Most of these comments in this discussion thread were written in response to requests from White women asking Black women to participate in a 
January 18, 2025 Washington D.C. march and/or other marches to to protest Trump's policies. Instead of participating in that street march, some commenters shared that they were planning to attend a real or imaginary 92% brunch, relaxing at home, and/or doing other non-essential tasks.]  

1. @Lovejones-z9b, February 2025
"I'm done with EVERYONE!! Blacks that voted for Trump AND for  Blacks that didn't vote at all!! Sorry to my white and Latino peeps that did vote for Kamala...love ya but see you in 4 YEARS. ✊🏾"

**
2. 
@PurpleRain11.11, February 2025
"We Black women chillin on this one."

**
3. 
@Angela-v9s2m, February 2025
"I am booked and busy.  Y'all showed who you are and what you want.  Enjoy trump.  I will be drinking my water and minding my Black business."

**
4. 
@b.schannell747, March 2025
"My toes need to be done, hi 92% love yall gulls😊🎉🎉🎉"

**
5. 
@bookab6511
"We definitely sitting back all 2025 actually the next 4 yrs we are tired and we refuse to continue to be the voice for everyone someone else can do it we voted blue y’all went against your own now y’all crying".

****
VLOG DISCUSSION THREAD #4
From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHo5QOE69qU "#FAFO Season Continues: The Awakening White Women DIDN'T See Coming 92% Black Women Are On A Break", published by Gracey D, January 13, 2025 United States

[Pancocojams Editor's Note:
Most of these comments in this discussion thread were written in response to requests from White women asking Black women to participate in a 
January 18, 2025 Washington D.C. march and/or other marches to to protest Trump's policies. Instead of participating in that street march, some commenters shared that they were planning to attend a real or imaginary 92% brunch, relaxing at home, and/or doing other non-essential tasks.]  


1.
@DorothyTyler-e2c, February 2025
"As a  92per cent  I missed  this called to march on January 18 . But I just want to say a big thank you to my beautiful black queens, and princesses for telling those little girls why I couldn’t make the march. God blessed you mys!!"

**
Reply
2. @tanya45096, February 2025
"😂😂😂😂 Sure won't be marching, my cape has been dry cleaned and put away! Where were these people on November 5th, 2024?!"

**
3. @sheriewindley5148, February 2025
"Right on my sistas and beautiful queens! 92% say HAY! Becky bye!"
-snip-
"Right on" is an African American Vernacular English slang term that means "That's right." and/or
"I agree".

"Becky" is a mildly negative African American general referent for White women. 

**
4. @dinastrong7348, February 2025
"I’m a 62 year old black woman, a part of the 92% I’m March my behind to Church to give God glory, and Praise. Then after that I’m going home and chill out, watching TV getting my eating of whatever food of my choice, and rest honey, we don’t have time for y’all foolishness. This 92% will not accept any RSVP from y’all, so don’t call, don’t send any emails, don’t deliver a letter to mail box, don’t text message, don’t leave a letter in between my door, don’t RSVP me. I’m on a 4 year break."

**
5. @Jamesandcheraylucas, February 2025
"I don't have nothing to do on Monday, and I'm not going to no march. I marched to the voting booth. 👋🏼😴"

**
6. @kimberlywhitehead22, February 2025
"Hey 92%, can we learn some good skills? Skills of big mamma 'n them and the things THEY NEVER GOT....gardening, canning, meditation, enjoying quiet, quiet walks, retreats, meet ups and just enjoying and loving us!!"

**
7. 
@stevebuck87, February 2025
"Can this proud black man that loves this ‘I told you so moment’ get one of them 92% shirts?

I’ll share my popcorn!"

**
8. @mjusmc917, February 2025
"I’m doing my black job and minding my black biz, I’m part of the 92% and I’m 100% sure we over this FNS right here"
-snip-
FNS= abbreviation meaning "for no reason" (i.e. for no particular reason)

**
9. 
@anthonypierre3350, February 2025
"the 92 %  already got appointments for manicure 💅 pedicure and boodicure butt we wish you good luck 🍀 Ok 👌 …….!!!

**
10. @mayaheadley6984, February 2025
"Hi Im one of the 92% I will be really  busy these 4yrs. Please kindly Delegate all and any events to your Yt, Cuban, and Latino Counter Parts
-snip-
"Yt" =White

****
VLOG DISCUSSION THREAD #5
From 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1bYaW8Grt0 "MAGA To B🖤 Women What Can We Do To Make You Feel Free Around US #fafo", published by GLOBAL PRINCESS, Jan 13, 2025

1. @KathySandru, April 2025
"Leave us the hell alone! We understood the assignment & voted for VP Harris 92%! Don’t ask us to clean up your mess!"

**
2. @All.Natural, April 2025
"
Not that we dont feel safe, we just know we can't trust yal! Ain't nobody scared of them! It's a trust issue, and the 92% know whats up!"

**
3. @NoName-mr8tr
"Bw here, it is not our responsibility to validate/adult-raise you folks. Go on about your business and please leave us alone. The time to talk was prior to voting day! We are no longer interested in uniting with you people.

✊🏾"

****

VLOG DISCUSSION THREAD #6
From https://youtube.com/shorts/0G3XQY0KGmw?si=Tgd9qLoibhc6-cQI "Black People, They Are Already Blaming You… Be Smart!" @TabithaSpeaksPolitics, June 13, 2025

@juanita5344, June 2025
"This is not my fight 92 % 80%🏽✊🏽.  To all my black families in every  city and state,  do not go out there, No our Fight!!!!"
-snip-
92%- the reported percentage of Black American women nationwide who voted for Kamala Harris for President in the November 5, 2024 United States election.

80% -   the reported percentage of Black American men nationwide who voted for Kamala Harris for President in the November 5, 2024 United States election (also given as 77%, or 78%, or 81%).
-snip-
Also, notice the non-political use of the 92% referent to refer to Black women in another video on that vlog: 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TomU3aRfTvA "Dear 92%, The Mean and Dehumanizing Comments Hurled At Other Black Women Is Not Acceptable!!", published by TabithaSpeaksPolitics, May 7, 2025

****
This concludes Part II of this pancocojams series.

Thanks for visiting pancocojams.

Visitor comments are welcome.

Tuesday, June 17, 2025

The Use of 92% As A Referent For Black American Women Who Voted For Kamala Harris For President Of The United States In The November 5, 2024 Election

 

92% of black woman voted for Kamala?????

@MaryAnnAMatos, November 26, 2024

https://youtube.com/shorts/yOasyTnLy6k?si=wERNWfsuugeUASzZ
-snip-
This is a brief clip from The View television talk show of Sunny Hostin (Asunción "Sunny" Cummings Hostin).

From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunny_Hostin
[Sunny Hostin] "is an American lawyer, author, and television host. She is a co-host on ABC's morning talk show The View, for which she received nominations for Daytime Emmy Awards, as well as the Senior Legal Correspondent and Analyst for ABC News."...

****
Edited by Azizi Powell

Latest revision- June 18, 2025

This is Part I of a two part pancocojams series about 92% as a referent for Black American women who voted for Kamala Harris for President of the United States in the November 5, 2024 national election.  

This post showcases two YouTube video shorts and includes some online information about that use of 92%.

Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2025/06/comments-that-include-or-provide.html for Part II of this pancocojams series.That post is entitled "The 
"92%" Referent For Black American Women Who Voted For Kamala Harris For United States President November 2024 (Part II: Comments).

The content of this post is presented for historical, socio-cultural, and political purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post and thanks to all those who are featured in the videos that are embedded in this pancocojams post. 
  
****
SHOWCASE VIDEO #2 - Black women prioritize themselves with the #92PercentBrunchDay

@the_emancipator,, January 18, 2025

https://youtube.com/shorts/g1nKgTEmgyw?si=wyYeWt3U73mVc39k

Description: 
"Black women across the country are clinking martini and Bellini glasses as part of the “92PercentBrunch” campaign Saturday. The women’s brunch protest is counterprogramming to this weekend’s People’s March, which is spearheaded by a coalition of groups, many of them with feminist leadership. The hashtag #92PercentBrunch symbolizes the percentage of women who voted for Vice President Kamala Harris during the election. “I know the results of this election were very hard, but we did our part,” @aiofe714 shared on her TikTok account. Creators are sharing information about brunch events at -owned businesses in Chicago, Atlanta, Washington, D.C., and other cities across the country. Black women who are part of the initiative say they are prioritizing their mental health throughout the whole weekend as a way of saying to the rest of the country — especially White women, who predominantly voted for Trump — it’s their turn to lean in and do the heavy work of resistance."

****
AI OVERVIEW # 1 ABOUT THE USE OF 92% AS A REFERENT FOR BLACK AMERICAN WOMEN WHO VOTED FOR KAMALA HARRIS FOR USA PRESIDENT ON NOVEMBER 5, 2024

[The following AI statement is the first result that I received on June 17, 2025 for my online request for information about the significance of 92% as a political and cultural referent for Black American women..]

"In reference to Black American women, "92%" most often refers to the percentage of Black women who voted for Kamala Harris in the 2020 US presidential election, according to online sources. This strong support for Harris, who is both Black and Asian, highlights the political engagement and solidarity of Black women in the United States, according to online sources. It's also used to represent the collective strength, resilience, and unity of Black women, according to online sources.

Here's a more detailed breakdown:

Political Significance:

The 92% figure is directly linked to the 2020 election, where exit polls indicated that approximately 92% of Black women voted for Joe Biden and Kamala Harris. This high percentage demonstrates the significant role Black women play in US elections and their alignment with candidates who they perceive as representing their interests, according to online sources.

Symbol of Unity and Strength:

Beyond the specific election, the "92%" has become a broader symbol of the solidarity, resilience, and collective power of Black women. It signifies their unwavering support for one another and their ability to overcome adversity.

Cultural Impact:

The "92%" has also been adopted in various cultural contexts, including apparel collections and social media movements, to celebrate and uplift Black women. These initiatives aim to foster a sense of community and pride among Black women, according to online sources."

****

AI OVERVIEW # 2 ABOUT THE USE OF 92% AS A REFERENT FOR BLACK AMERICAN WOMEN WHO VOTED FOR KAMALA HARRIS FOR USA PRESIDENT ON NOVEMBER 5, 2024

[The following AI statement is the second result that I received on June 17, 2025 for my online request for information about the significance of 92% as a political and cultural referent for Black American women.

I posted the same request two times since I was curious if I would receive different results for the same request.]

"In reference to the 2024 United States election, 92% represents the approximate percentage of Black American women who voted for Kamala Harris.  

Here's what this means in context: 

Strong Support for Harris: This high percentage highlights the overwhelming support for the Democratic ticket among Black women voters in the 2024 election. They are consistently a key demographic for the Democratic party.

Continuation of a Trend: This level of support is similar to the strong backing Black women gave to Joe Biden in the 2020 election.

Demonstration of Political Solidarity and Agency: For many Black women, this overwhelming support was not just about party affiliation but also deeply personal, reflecting their political solidarity and agency.

In summary, 92% signifies the significant and consistent support that Black American women voters demonstrated for Kamala Harris in the 2024 election."
-snip-
Much less often than the 92% referent for Black American women, I've come across the online use of 77%, or 78%, or 80% as a referent for Black American men who voted for Kamala Harris for President of the United States in that November 5, 2024 national election. 

**
Although there's an AI online statement [quoted above in this post] that exit polls of voters indicates that 92% of Black American women voted in 2020 for Joe Biden for President and Kamala Harris for Vice President, I haven't found any examples of 92% being used as a referent for Black American women prior to November 6, 2024.

**
In addition to "92%" being used as a referent for that population of Black American women voters, notice that Showcase Video #2 that is embedded in this pancocojams post features the use of t
he hashtag "#92PercentBrunch".  As far as I'm aware, that hashtag doesn't appear to have been used after that January 18, 2025 date, although vlogs and comments are still widespread (as of the June 17, 2025 publishing date of this pancocojams post} that instead of participating in marches and rallies protesting the Trump regime, Black American women who are part of the 92% should protest in other ways -such as boycotting certain big businesses- and instead of participating in street protests we should  92%.should rest and/or engage in relaxing activities.. 

**
If you know of any examples of the use of 92% as a referent for Black American women voters for Biden/Harris in 2020, please share that information in this post's discussion thread. Thanks!   

****
TWO EXAMPLES OF THE USE OF 92% AS A REFERENT FOR BLACK AMERICAN WOMEN WHO VOTED FOR KAMALA HARRIS FOR PRESIDENT IN THE UNITED STATES

Excerpt #1: 
From 
https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1069439851122653 Mayor Ras J Baraka*, Nov. 6, 2024 [Facebook video and statement]

"There’s a reason 92% of Black women voted Kamala Harris and 78% of Black men showed up to vote. They can’t afford to sit out, they had to vote to protect their families."
-snip-
Ras J Baraka is an African American man who is currently the mayor of Newark. New Jersey. Click https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ras_Baraka for information about Ras Baraka.

****
Excerpt #2
From https://auontaianderson.medium.com/a-letter-to-the-92-of-black-women-91493cef5441 "A Letter to the 92% of Black Women"

The Honorable Auon’tai M. Anderson, Nov 7, 2024

"Dear Black Women,

Thank you. Thank you for all that you have done and all that you continue to do, often without the recognition and honor you deserve. You have carried a political party on your backs through some of the most challenging presidential elections in American history. Your unwavering commitment and your resilience have kept this nation moving forward, even when it hasn’t reciprocated the love, loyalty, or respect you’ve poured into it.

I know you’re feeling the weight of this moment, the ache of seeing America once again miss the chance to fully recognize the brilliance of a Black woman, of Kamala Harris, in the White House. But I want you to know that I, along with countless Black men, see you. We see the strength in your struggle, the sacrifices you make, and the grace with which you carry the burdens of our community. If you need to take a moment to breathe, to step back, to rest, know that we are here to pick up that load. We are committed to standing beside you and honoring your efforts in every way that we can.

[…]

As you rest and recharge, lift your head high, for you are the queens who carry crowns that generations before you have fought to place on your heads. Do not let this country make you feel that your efforts were in vain, because without you, this nation would have faltered long ago.

We know that storms are inevitable, and we’re in one now. But as our ancestors taught us, after every storm comes the rainbow. And on the other side of this struggle, we will find the light. Together, we will hear the birds sing once more, and we will see the colors of hope and progress stretch across the sky, a reminder of the beauty and power that follows every challenge.”…
-snip-
This sentence was written in this letter with bold font.

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This concludes Part I of this pancocojams series.

Thanks for visiting pancocojams.

Visitor comments are welcome.

Thursday, December 5, 2024

YouTube Video Of The Map Of Africa & Video Of And Information About The First Enslaved Africans In The United States


13News Now, Feb 15, 2019

13News Now documentary '20 and Odd: Africans' Arrival in 1619' looks at the extraordinary story of the first Africans who arrived in English North America.

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Edited by Azizi Powell

This pancocojams post  showcases a YouTube video about enslaved Africans arrival in what is now known as Virginia in 1619 and a YouTube video of the nations of Africa. 

This post also presents some information about the history of enslaved Angolans in the United States. Those enslaved Africans came from what is now known as Angola in the Southwestern region of Africa.

The content of this post is presented for historical and educational purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post and thanks to the publisher of this showcased video on YouTube.
-snip-
Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2024/12/youtube-video-of-map-of-africa-video-of.html for a related pancocojams post entitled "Video Of Map Of Africa And Video Of & Article About United ."States President Biden's Visit To Angola In December 2024.

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SHOWCASE VIDEO #2 - African Countries and Their Location/Africa Political Map/Africa Continent/List of African Countries



World Map, March 21, 2019
-snip-
Note: This map misspells the name of the West African nation of  "Sierra Leone".

Click https://www.worldometers.info/geography/how-many-countries-in-africa/ for a list of the names of the 54 nations in Africa.

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THE HISTORY OF ENSLAVED ANGOLANS IN THE UNITED STATES
Excerpt #1
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolan_Americans
..."Slavery in the 17th century

From the 17th century to the early 19th century, many Angolans were transported via the Atlantic slave trade to the United States. Enslaved Angolans were the first Africans in Virginia, and likely the first in all of the Thirteen Colonies, according to Sheila Walker, an American film maker and researcher in cultural anthropology. This refers to an event in 1617 in Jamestown, Virginia, when Angolan slaves were captured by pirates from a Spanish slave ship bound for New Spain and sent to Jamestown.[4] These first Angolan slaves of Virginia (15 men and 17 women[4]) were Mbundu[5] and Bakongo, who spoke Kimbundu and Kikongo languages respectively. Many of these early slaves were literate.[6] [note 1]

Later, Angolan slaves were captured by Dutch pirates from the Portuguese when Portuguese slavers left with the slaves from the Portuguese colonial port of Luanda.[5] Many of these slaves were imported by the Dutch to New York City, which, at this time, was called New Amsterdam and was under Dutch control. Thus, the Angolans also were the first slaves in New York City.[6] According to Harvard professor Jill Lepore, the slaves of Angola who arrived in New Amsterdam were also Ambundu and, to a lesser extent, Kongos, as was the case with the first slaves who arrived in Virginia.[7]

In 1621, Angolan former slave Anthony Johnson arrived in Virginia and was the first documented black slave in the Thirteen Colonies to earn his freedom and, in turn, own slaves himself. Anthony Johnson was granted ownership of John Casor after a civil case in 1654.[8][9] The Angolan slavery trade in the United States reached its greatest magnitude between 1619 and 1650.[5] In 1644, 6,900 slaves on the African coast were purchased to clear the forests, lay roads, build houses and public buildings, and grow food. Most of these were from the company's colonies in the West Indies, but came from its established stations in Angola.[3]

18th–19th centuries

During the colonial period, people from the region Congo-Angola made up 25% of the slaves in North America. Based on the data mentioned, many Angolan slaves came from distinct ethnic groups, such as the Bakongo, the Tio[10] and Northern Mbunbu people (from Kingdom of Ndongo).[5] However, not all slaves kept the culture of their ancestors. The Bakongo, from the kingdom of Kongo, were Catholics, who had voluntarily converted to Catholicism in 1491 after the Portuguese established trade relations in this territory.[11] Senegambian slaves were the preferred slaves in South Carolina but Angolans were the most numerous and represented around a third of the slaves population.[12] In Virginia, most slaves came from within the boundaries of the modern nation-states of Nigeria and Angola. Between 1710 and 1769, only 17% of the slaves who arrived in Virginia were from Angola.[13] Others places in the United States, such as Delaware and Indiana, also had Angolan slaves.[6] Georgia imported also many slaves from the Congo-Angola region.

Many of the Bakongo slaves who arrived in the United States in the 18th century were captured and sold as slaves by African kings to other tribes or enemies during several civil wars. Some of the people sold from Kongo to the United States were trained soldiers.[11] In 1739, there was an uprising in South Carolina, where possibly 40% of the slaves were Angolan. This uprising, known as the Stono Rebellion, was led by an Angolan named Jemmy, who led a group of 20 Angolan slaves, probably Bakongos and described as Catholic. The slaves mutinied and killed at least 20 white settlers and several children. They then marched to Charlestown, where the uprising was harshly repressed. Forty of the slaves in the revolt (some Angolans) were decapitated and their heads strung on sticks to serve as a warning to others. This episode precipitated legislation banning the importation of slaves. The ban was aimed at solving two serious problems: the inhumanity toward the black slaves and the fact the country had more blacks than whites.[6] Later, some 300 former Angolan slaves founded their own community in the Braden River delta, near what is now downtown Bradenton, Florida. They gave it the name of Angola, in honor of the homeland of many of them, and tried to live as free men. However, this Angola was destroyed in 1821. Rich hunters and slaveholders hired 200 mercenaries and captured 300 black people and burned their houses. It is believed, however, that some Angolans fled in rafts and successfully reached Andros Island in The Bahamas, where their lives were established."...
-snip-
Click for information about Angola

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Excerpt #2
From https://www.13newsnow.com/article/news/history/descendants-enslaved-africans-visit-ancestors-birthplace/ "Hampton residents, descended from first enslaved Africans in English North America, visit ancestor's birthplace"

Members of the Tucker family of Hampton were invited to come to Angola by the country's president.

Author: Janet Roach, January 13, 2022

HAMPTON, Va. 
"It was a trip of a lifetime.

Vincent Tucker, president of the William Tucker 1624 Society, and his sister, Wanda, recently returned to Virginia from a five-day visit to Angola, Africa; a trip they took at the invitation of the country's president, João Lourenco.

The Tuckers are believed to be descendants of two of the first enslaved Africans to land in English North America at Point Comfort in 1619, which is in present-day Hampton, Virginia.

Angola is the country those African slaves came from.

"My mind began to bring everything together," Vincent Tucker said. "The stories I've been hearing, they started coming alive."

From the moment they landed, the Tuckers said they were treated like celebrities, surrounded by media at every stop.

The trip came months after President Lourenco visited Washington D.C. and toured the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture. He met the Tuckers there and promised to host them in Angola.

"We showed up, we talked and he said, 'I'm going to invite you to Africa,'" Vincent recalled.

For years, the Tuckers have researched the landing of the "20 and Odd" Africans in Hampton, Virginia in 1619. They were captured off the San Juan Bautista, a Portuguese slave ship, by British pirates on board the White Lion.

Two of the slaves on that ship, Anthony and Isabella, eventually lived in the household of Captain William Tucker in Hampton. 

This was Wanda Tucker's second visit to the country and she was anxious to show her brother and cousin the Sao Miguel museum's exhibit on the history of Queen Nzinga, a fierce leader who challenged the Portuguese rule in the 1600s and the slave trade.

Perhaps the most emotional moment came when the Tuckers dipped their feet in the Kwanza river, which served as an access point for slave ships on their way to the port of Luanda.

"We can just imagine how that journey was for the enslaved -- taken down to the river and being hauled away. It was very touching," said Vincent.”…
-snip-
Wanda Tucker and her brother Vincent Tucker are believed to be descendants of two of Atony and Isabella, the first enslaved Africans to land in English North America at Point Comfort in 1619, which is in present-day Hampton, Virginia. Atony and Isabella came from the area now known as Angola.
 Wanda and Vincent Tucker accompanied United States President Joe Biden on his December 2024 visit to Angola. 

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Visitor comments are welcome.

Saturday, March 9, 2024

What is The Real Origin And Meaning Of The Phrase "Hay Foot Straw Foot" In Marching Cadences?

Edited by Azizi Powell

This is Part I of a three part pancocojams series on the phrase "hay foot straw foot".

This post provides information about the origin and meaning of the phrase "hay foot straw foot" as it pertains to marching cadences.

For city folk like me, this post also includes a YouTube video entitled "the DIFFERENCES between straw and hay".

Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2024/03/examples-of-military-cadences-with.html for Part II of this pancocojams series. That post presents some examples of marching cadences that include the phrase "hay foot straw foot".

Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2024/03/duke-ellington-his-orchestra-with.html for Part III of this pancocojams series. That post showcases a YouTube sound file of the 1942 Jazz song "Hayfoot Strawfoot" performed by Duke Ellington and His Orchestra and sung by Ivie Anderson. The lyrics to that song are included in that post along with information about Duke Ellington and singer Ivie Anderson. That post also quotes an article that lists ten of Duke Ellington's most famous songs. 

The content of this post is presented of historical, cultural, and educational purposes.  

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post. Thanks also to the producer and publisher of this YouTube video.

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DISCLAIMER:
The fact that this subject is presented on this pancocojams blog that focuses on the cultures of Black people throughout the world isn't meant to imply that military cadences with the phrase "hay foot straw foot" originated with or were/are mostly composed by Black people.

This subject is presented on pancocojams as part of an ongoing presentation of information about United States military cadences ("jodies"). This blog's focus on military cadences fits its mission statement because an African American soldier, Army 
Private Willie Lee Duckworth is credited with composing "Sound Off", the first modern day military. Also, most United States military cadences have been and still are African American origin. Furthermore, most United States military cadences reflect certain African American aesthetic preferences and certain African American performance styles.

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THE REAL ORIGIN AND MEANING OF THE PHRASE "HAY FOOT STRAW FOOT"
From 
languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=2415  Hay foot straw foot
June 29, 2010 Filed by Mark Liberman under Psychology of language
…."There's a historical anecdote associated with this observation. According to Bruce Catton, Mr. Lincoln's Army, 1951:

"Straw-foot" was the Civil War term for rookie. The idea was that some of the new recruits were of such fantastic greenness that they did not know the left foot from the right and hence could not be taught to keep time propertly or to step off on the left foot as all soldiers should. The drill sergeants, in desperation, had finally realized that these green country lads did at least know hay from straw and so had tied wisps of hay to the left foot and straw to the right foot and marched them off to the chant of "Hay-foot, straw-foot, hay-foot, straw-foot." Hence: straw-foot ~ rookie, especially a dumb rookie.

Unfortunately for Mr. Catton's credibility, the same story is told about American soldiers in the War of American Independence. From Wilbur Fiske Crafts in 1922:

You remember that the young men of the American Revolution who came to Concord and Lexington to the join the Army were many of them so unschooled that they did not know the right foot from the left, and so could not obey the drill-master's "Right –left". The disgusted officers siad, "Send these greenhorns home, for if they cannot keep step they will be of no use as soldiers" But there was one officer there who used his head for something besides a hat rack. […] "These farmer boys do not know right from left, but they do know hay from straw. Tie a little hay on every right foot, and a little straw on every left foot, and send them to the awkward squad to be drilled." "Hay-foot — straw-foot, hay-foot–straw-foot" they drilled, very awkwardly at first, and then more firmly, and at last they marched to victory at Yorktown.

Both Catton and Crafts are trumped by an article on "Irish Step Dancing" in Chambers' Journal of November 1885:

To dance the steps really well, one must be nimble and active. I remember seeing a number of the peasants, who, to try and perfect themselves in their dance, danced on the road near some trees, and constantly held on to some of the low branches, to enable them to jump high and use their feet to advantage. There is a story told of a certain mayor who did not know how to dance; and as there was to be the customary ball on St. Patrick's night at the vice-regal court, at which he was, as is usual, to dance with her Excellency, he hired a private room, and when his shop was closed at night, went there, where a dancing-master met him to teach him his steps, unknown, as he hoped, to any one. Unfortunately, it leaked out, and some people annoyed the poor mayor sorely by standing outside the window and saying: "Right foot, left foot, hay foot, straw foot. Faix, thin, an' Paddy 'tis you as can soon fut the floor." The origin of hay foot, straw foot, was, that when, as is sometimes the case, the right foot or hand was not known from the left, a dancing-master often tied a wisp of hay on one foot and of straw on the other, and thus forcibly impressed the difference.

And in Notes and Queries for Dec. 5, 1857, W.W. (Malta) contributed "A Highlander's Drill by chalking his left foot",

"I shall never forget," says Strang in his Glasgow and its Clubs, "the fun which during my boyhood my companions and myself had in witnessing the daily drilling of the new-caught Highlanders, in the low Green, or the pity we felt for the cruel usage of the poor fellows by the cane-wielding sergeants or corporals who were utting them through their facings. No doubt some of them were stupid enough, and was worse, it was their misfortune to comprehend but indifferently the English word of command, so much that it was found absolutely necessary to chalk their left feet, and instead of crying out when marching, left, right, the common call was caukit foot foremost."

This anecdote reminds me of the manner which long since was adopted by the sergeants of another race, when drilling their raw recruits: it being done by tying straw to the right, and hay to the left foot, and then giving the word of command by straw foot, — hay foot, as the movement of their men might require.

The OED has an entry with citations back to 1851:

hay-foot, straw-foot: with right and left foot alternately (at the word of command). Also as v. In allusion to the alleged use of hay and straw to enable a rustic recruit to distinguish the right foot from the left.

1851 Knickerbocker XXXVIII. 79 At company-training and general-training..it was all ‘hay-foot, straw-foot’ with him. 1887 J. D. BILLINGS Hardtack & Coffee 208 Scores of men..would ‘hay-foot’ every time when they should ‘straw-foot’. 1898 J. MACMANUS Bend of Road 40 Poor fool, he's off, hay foot straw foot, an' small grass grows round his heels till he's there. 1911 R. D. SAUNDERS Col. Todhunter vii. 98 You never got in a thousand miles of one of 'em for all your ‘heppin’ and ‘hay-foot’ and ‘straw-foot’ drillin'. 1911 H. S. HARRISON Queed i. 12 They march like little lambs when I say the word. Hay-foot–straw-foot.

Thus the origin of this practice and the associated phrase is uncertain, but it is certainly before the U.S. Civil War.  Whatever the origin, the implication is that in the 19th century and earlier, recruits could not be depended on to interpret "left" and "right" reliably, and various audio-visual aids were used to help them maintain a consistent mapping from words to feet.

Now, I can testify from personal experience that by 1969, draftees into the U.S. Army no longer needed hay, straw, or chalk. At least, drill sergeants attributed our occasional errors in lateral asymmetry to stupidity or inadequate numbers of push-ups, rather than to lack of education.”… 

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SHOWCASE YOUTUBE VIDEO - the DIFFERENCES between straw and hay

 

Live Free, Nov 8, 2018

Straw and hay are often times confused. There’s a big difference however. Straw is used for animal bedding because it has a lot of air pockets in it. It’s also used to mulch plants to protect them from the cold. Straw is also very clean because it is made from The Starkey part of the oat plant, Or the weed plant. It is considered a very clean another words if you put it on your plants you’re not gonna get a lot of weeds come up the next year. Hay is used for animal feed. It is very dance and Wood make terrible mulch or animal bedding. Very common type of hair is made from alfalfa. Hay is also about double the cost of straw. So you don’t want to pick up the wrong bale for the wrong application

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Visitor comments are welcome.  

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

List Of USA Presidents Who Owned Slaves & Names I Was Surprised To Find In A 1799 Paper Listing The Names Of George Washington's Slaves

Edited by Azizi Powell

This pancocojams post presents some information about United States presidents who owned slaves.

This post also presents information about a paper George Washington wrote in 1799 which listed the names of slaves he owned and slaves he managed for a woman he knew.

This post also includes a sub-set of names from that 1799 list that surprised me because they appeared so contemporary and don't fit the stereotype I learned about what names enslaved people in the United States would have had.

The content of this post is presented for historical and onomastic purposes.

All copyright remains with their owners.

Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post.

RIP all those who have ever been enslaved.

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INFORMATION ABOUT UNITED STATES
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_who_owned_slaves
"This is a list of presidents of the United States who owned slaves. Slavery in the United States was legal from its beginning as a nation, having been practiced in North America from early colonial days. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution formally abolished slavery, though the practice effectively ended only after the end of the American Civil War. In total, twelve presidents owned slaves at some point in their lives, eight of whom owned slaves while serving as president. George Washington was the first president to own slaves, including while he was president. Zachary Taylor was the last president to own slaves during his presidency, and Ulysses S. Grant was the last president to have owned a slave at some point in his life.

Slave owning was common among early presidents; of the first twelve, only John Adams (2) and his son John Quincy Adams (6) never owned slaves, although two of the others (Martin Van Buren and William Henry Harrison) did not own slaves while serving as president.

The U.S. president who owned the most slaves was Thomas Jefferson, with 600+ slaves,[1] followed by George Washington, with 200 slaves. The presidents who owned the fewest slaves were Martin van Buren and Ulysses S. Grant, with one slave each.

Presidents who owned slaves
[reformatted from a chart]

1st President - George Washington
Approximate number of slaves - 317
held slaves while in office - Yes (1789–1797)
Notes: Washington was a major slaveholder before, during, and after his presidency. His will freed his slaves pending the death of his widow, though she freed his slaves within a year of his death. See George Washington and slavery for more details."...
-snip-
From https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/slavery/ten-facts-about-washington-slavery/
Despite having been an active slave holder for 56 years, George Washington struggled with the institution of slavery and spoke frequently of his desire to end the practice. At the end of his life, Washington made the decision to free all his slaves in his 1799 will - the only slave-holding Founding Father to do so."...

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INFORMATION ABOUT THE 1799 PAPER WHICH LISTED NAMES OF GEORGE WASHINGTON'S SLAVES
[extracted from] “Washington’s Slave List, June 1799,” Founders Online, National Archives, accessed September 29, 2019, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/06-04-02-0405. [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Retirement Series, vol. 4, 20 April 1799 – 13 December 1799, ed. W. W. Abbot. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1999, pp. 527–542.]

“Washington’s Slave List, June 1799
[June 1799]
Editorial Note
The list of Mount Vernon slaves which GW drew up, probably some time in June 1799, included those slaves owned by him outright, those who were controlled by him as part of Martha Washington’s dowry, and a number who were rented by him in 1786 by contract with Mrs. Penelope French at the time he acquired her life rights to land that she owned on Dogue Run.

The slaves Washington owned in his own right came from several sources. He was left eleven slaves by his father’s will; a portion of his half brother Lawrence Washington’s slaves, about a dozen in all, were willed to him after the death of Lawrence’s infant daughter and his widow; and Washington purchased from time to time slaves for himself, mostly before the Revolution.

Washington also hired for varying periods of time individual slaves, usually skilled artisans, from neighbors and acquaintances. These do not appear on this slave list."...

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NAMES I WAS SURPRISED TO FIND IN A 1799 PAPER LISTING THE NAMES OF GEORGE WASHINGTON'S SLAVES
I have to admit that more than I realized I had accepted the stereotypical version of slavery in the United States that I had been taught and was socialized by movies, books, and television to believe that all Black slaves had names like "Sambo", "Sukey", "Juba", and "Jemima". (Each of these names are on Washington's 1799 list).
Other names have connotations of being proper or elite which don't conform to the stereotyped image of enslaved Black people in the United States.

In that mass media promulgated version of slavery in the United States names such as "Roger", "Jonathan", "Daphne", and "Sophia" (which are also on George Washington's 1799 list) seem incongruous.

Here are the names that surprised me from that 1799 list of George Washington's slaves (given in alphabetical order) :

MALE NAMES:
Ambrose
Anderson
Billy
Charles
Christopher
Elias
Gabriel
Gunner
Guy
Israel
Isaac
James
Jonathan
Julius
Lawrence
London
Morgan
Paschall
Paul
Richmond
Roger
Simon
Spencer

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FEMALE NAMES:
Agnes
Bette Davis
Cecilia
Cornelia
Daphne
Diana
Felicia
Grace
Judy
Julia
Lucretia
Lydia
Maria
Matilda
Priscilla
Rachel
Sophia

Click these pancocojams posts for a complete lists of names from that 1799 paper:

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2020/02/names-of-enslaved-black-people-on.html
https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2020/02/names-of-enslaved-black-people-on_18.html

Also, click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2020/02/africanarabic-names-other-non-standard.html for a pancocojams post entitled "African & Arabic Names & Other "Non-Standard American" Names In George Washington's 1799 Paper That Lists Names Of His Slaves".

You may not agree that some (or all) of these names are surprising or there may be other names on those lists that surprise you as being "slave names"..

Needless to say, regardless of their names, slavery is an absolutely awful institution for anyone, regardless of their names. Rest in peace (or happier reincarnations) to all those who are listed in that paper and all to people in history who were ever enslaved.

And click https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36416751 for a BBC article entitled "What does modern slavery look like?"

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Visitor comments are welcome.

Tuesday, February 18, 2020

African & Arabic Names & Other "Non-Standard American" Names In George Washington's 1799 Paper That Lists Names Of His Slaves

Edited by Azizi Powell

This is Part III of a three part pancocojams series that excerpts a 1799 paper that was written by George Washington, the first President of the United States. That paper lists enslaved Black people who were owned by or otherwise controlled by George Washington.

Part III of this series highlights the names or nicknames from George Washington's 1799 of slaves that I believe are from some traditional West African languages and from the Arabic language.

Part III of this series highlights other names (or nicknames) from that entire George Washington's 1799 paper of enslaved people that might have been considered unusual in 18th century United States.

Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2020/02/names-of-enslaved-black-people-on.html for Part I of this pancocojams series. Part I of this series presents some of the names from a paper listing George Washington's slaves that he wrote in June 1799. [These lists are divided into Part I and Part II only because of blog space considerations.]

Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2020/02/names-of-enslaved-black-people-on.html for Part I of this pancocojams series. Part I of this series presents some of the names from a paper listing George Washington's slaves that he wrote in June 1799. [These lists are divided into Part I and Part II only because of blog space considerations.]

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The content of this post is presented for historical and onomastic purposes.

I'm most interested in documenting the types of names and nicknames that were used by these Black enslaved people, i.e. names that would be considered "standard" in the United States at that time, and names/nicknames that would be considered unusual during that time, including names that can be traced to West African languages or Arabic.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to the government archives for sharing this information online.

RIP all those who are named in these lists.
-snip-
Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2020/02/list-of-usa-presidents-who-owned-slaves.htmlfor this closely related pancocojams post entitled "List Of USA Presidents Who Owned Slaves & Names I Was Surprised To Find In A 1799 Paper Listing The Names Of George Washington's Slaves."

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[PART III OF THIS PANCOCOJAMS BLOG SERIES]
All of the names in this post are given in alphabetical order within their sub-section and are numbered consecutively within their sub-section.

A. NAMES FROM GEORGE WASHINGTON'S 1799 LIST THAT ARE FROM TRADITIONAL AFRICAN LANGUAGES OR FROM ARABIC
1. Abbay-[given as a female name in that 1799 paper]- perhaps a corrupted form of the Twi (Akan) female name "Yaaba, Yaa- female born on Thursday"

2. Juba [given as a male name]- found in a number of Wet African languages
From https://web.ccsu.edu/afstudy/upd4-3.html
Vol. IV, no. 3 (Summer 1997) Africa Update Archives: “African Languages and Ebonics" by Dr. Katherine Harris, Central Connecticut State University
...", Juba, one of the day names given to a male child along the Guinea coast, was also a nickname given to a girl born on Monday in slave communities to describe "tomboy" (1620s-1800). The name Juba, which was fairly common among African men in the l7th and l8th centuries, was also the name of a region in modern Kenya/Somalia and Sudan."

3. Mink [given as a male name in that paper "Will-Mink"]- "Mink" may be a form of "Mingo", which is derived from "Mandingo"
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandingo_people_of_Sierra_Leone
"Mandinka people of Sierra Leone (commonly referred to as the Mandingo, Mandinka or Malinke) is a major ethnic group in Sierra Leone and a branch of the Mandinka people of West Africa"...

4. "Nanny" - from Twi (Ghana/Ivory Coast) name/title "nana".
From http://www.odwirafo.com/nanasom.html
[in] "the Twi language of the Akan people of Ghana and Ivory Coast, Nana is a gender-neutral title representing the highest office in society. It is also a term used to denote Grandmother, Grandfather, Elderess, Elder, venerable Ancestress and venerable Ancestor."

Also, Click http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2014/09/what-nana-means-in-akan-culture-its-use.html

5. Sambo [given as a male name]
From http://www.answers.com/topic/sambo-3 "Oxford Companion to African American Literature":
"Variants of the name Sambo can be found in several African cultures, including Samba in Bantu; Samb and Samba in Wolof; Sambu in Mandingo; and Sambo in Hausa, Mende, and Vai."

Click http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2014/09/the-origin-meanings-of-word-sambo-means.

6. Senah and Sina [given as female names]
These names may have come from the Arabic female name "Sena" http://muslimbabynames.hawramani.com/sena/ meaning "glory", "honor", "greatness"

7. Teney [given as female names], probably a form of the female name "Tene": origin West African/meaning given as "Love" https://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/snccdigitalgateway/DS_BookofAfricanNames.pdf

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B. NAMES FROM GEORGE WASHINGTON'S 1799 PAPER THAT ARE UNUSUAL IN THE 21st CENTURY (but may have been common in the 18th century for Black people in the United States and perhaps also for White people in the USA during that time)
1. Gunner [used as a male name in that 1799 paper

2. Hagar [used as a female name],https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagar
"Hagar (Hebrew: הָגָר, Hāḡār, of uncertain origin;[1] Arabic: هَاجَر‎‎ Hājar; Greek: Ἁγάρ, Hagár; Latin: Agar) is a biblical person in the Book of Genesis. She was an Egyptian slave of Sarah,[2] who gave her to Abraham to bear a child. The product of the union was Abraham's firstborn, Ishmael, the progenitor of the Ishmaelites. Various commentators have connected her to the Hagrites, perhaps as their eponymous ancestor.[3][4][5][6]"...

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3. Sukey [used as a female name], also spelled in that paper as "Sucky" and "Sakey"- nickname for the female name "Susan"

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C. OTHER UNUSUAL NAMES/NICKNAMES ON THIS LIST (which may not have been common in the 18th century USA & aren't common in the 21st century USA)
1. Alla [used as a female name in that 1799 paper] - perhaps from "Allah"
2. Barbary [used as a female name in that 1799 paper] - perhaps a variant form of the female name "Barbara" with the popular "y" ending; I doubt that that name referred to the geographic location "The Barbary Coast" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbary_Coast
3. Beck [used as a female name] - a form of the nickname "Becky" [from the female name "Rebecca"]
4. Breechy [used as a male name] - origin?
5. Briney-[used as a female name] - origin?
6. Darcus - [used as a female name] - perhaps a variant form of the Greek name "Dorcus" https://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/dorcas/
7. Delphy [used as a female name] probably a nickname for the Latin female name "Delphinia" or the French female name "Delphine"
8. Dolshy [used as a female name] - perhaps a nickname for the Latin female name "Dulce" or "Dulcina" http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Dulcina
9. Elvey [used as a female name] - may be a shortened form of "Elvira"
10. Eneas [used as a male name] - origin?
11. Fendal [used as a male name] -origin?
12. Fomison [used as a female name] - origin?
13. Gunna [used as a male name] - origin?
14. Hellam [used as a male name] - origin?
15. Heuky - [used as a male name] -probably from a nickname for Hercules
16. Israel- [used as a male name]
17. Isrias- [used as a male name] - origin?
18. Leanthe [used as a female name] - perhaps a form of the female name "Leana" http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Leana
19. Letty [used as a female name], probably from the name "Leticia" [in the 21st century, a relatively common form of this name is "Latisha")
20. Levina [used as a female name], probably a variant form of the name "Lavinia"
21. Linney [used as a female name] - origin?
22. Mima [used as a female name] - perhaps a shortened form of the female name "Jemima" https://nameberry.com/babyname/Jemima
23. Myrtilla [used as female name], a variant form of the Greek name "Myrtle
24. Oney [used as a female name] - origin?
25. Paschall [used as a male name]- probably from the word "Paschal" https://www.thefreedictionary.com/paschal meaning "passover", Easter".
26. Phœnix [used as a male name]; refers to the phoenix bird
27. Raison [used as a female name] - origin?
28. Renney [used as a female name] - origin?
29. Sabine [used as a female name]- perhaps referring to "Sabine, Latin Sabinus, plural Sabini, member of an ancient Italic tribe located in the mountainous country east of the Tiber River. They were known for their religious practices and beliefs, and several Roman institutions were said to have derived from them. The story recounted by Plutarch that Romulus, the founder of Rome, invited the Sabines to a feast and then carried off (raped) their women, is legendary."... https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sabine
30. Savary [used as a female name] - origin?
31. Stately [used as a male name]- origin?
32. Urinah [used as a female name] - origin?
33. Viner [used as a female name] - origin?
34. Vinie - [used as a female name], perhaps a form of the female name and place name "Venecia", Click https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinie_Burrows for information about the African American Broadway actress Vinie Burrows [Born Vinie Harrison November 15, 1924 (age 95)[1]"...
35. W. Muclus [used as a male name] - origin?

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D. NAMES IN THAT 1799 PAPER THAT ARE USUALLY CONSIDERED SURNAMES IN THE 21st CENTURY (USA)
1. Anderson [used as a male name in that 1799 paper]
2. Bartley [used as a male name]
3. Burwell [used as a male name]
4. Caesar [used as a male name]
5. Forrester [used as a male name]
4. Gutridge -probably the name "Guthridge"that is now only used as a surname.
5. Hanson [used as a male name]
6. Siller [used as a female name]
7. Simms [used as a male name]
7. Townshend [used as a male name] ; probably aa variant form of the surname "Townsend"
8. Wilson [used as a male name]

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E. COMMON NAMES IN THE 20th/21st CENTURY USA THAT ARE SPELLED DIFFERENTLY IN GEORGE WASHINGTON’S 1799 PAPER
1. Alce [used as a female name in that 1799 paper], This is probably the female name "Alice".
2. Aggy- [used as a female name], This is a nickname for the female name "Agatha"
3. Amie [used as a female name], This is probably the female name "Amy".
4. Chriss [used as male name]
5. Edy [used as a female name; nickname for Edith, spelled "Edie" now
6. Gabl [used as a male name[, probably the name "Gab", a nickname for "Gabriel"
7. Guss- [used as male name], spelled "Gus" now
8. Hanh [used as female name, probably the female name "Hannah".
9. Isbel [used as a female name], probably a form of the female name "Isabelle"/ “Isobel”
10. Johny [used as a male name], spelled "Johnny" now
11. Milley- [used as a female name], spelled “Millie” now (nickname for the female name “Mildred”)
12. Natt [used as a male name], spelled "Nat" now, (nickname for the names "Nathaniel" or "Nathan")
13. Rachell- [used as a female name], spelled "Rachel" now
14. Sall [used as a female name], spelled "Sal" now, a form of the nickname "Sally" for the name "Sarah"
15. Siss [used as a female name], may be a nickname for the female name "Cecilia"; also given as the nickname "Sissy" in the 20th century

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OTHER UNUSUAL NAMES FROM THAT 1799 PAPER
Place names:
1. Dundee-[used as a male name]
2. Richmond-[used as a male name]
3. London [used as a male name]

Other Nouns:
1. Boatswain [used as a male name]
2. Doll [used as a female name], usually given as "Dolly in 20th and in 21st century
3. Emery [given as a male name],
4. Virgin [used as a female name] , probably a variant form of the name "Virginia"

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EXAMPLES OF TWO NAMES GIVEN IN THAT 1799 PAPER
Occupation + Name:
1. Carter Jack
2. Gardr George
3. Smith Natt [blacksmith]?

Name + Physical Description:
1. Kate long -18- daughr of Kate
2. Kate sht-[probably the word "short"]

Physical Description + Name:
1. Long Jack - meaning a tall man ?

Other Description:
1. Slamin Joe - meaning ?

First & Last Name:
1. Tom Davis
2. Betty Davis
3. Sam Kitt

Last Name + First Name:
1. Lears John [also given as Lears' John- That paper mentions a Mr. Lear]
2. Lears Reuben [also given as Lears' Reuben]

Name + Ethnic Group:
1. Will—Mink ]Mink= "Mingo" from "Mandingo"

Location + Name:
1. Bay Suke [Bay Sukey]

Name + Twin [birth] :
1. Sall Twine

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This concludes Part III of this three part pancocojams series.

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