Edited by Azizi Poqwll
This is Part II of two part pancocojams about filas, red ozos, aboki caps, and some other names for traditional Nigerian male caps.
Part II showcases two YouTube videos demonstrating how to wear various traditional Nigerian caps. Part II also showcases a few YouTube videos of Nigerian weddings with special attention to the traditional caps and other attire that is worn by males. .
Selected comments from a few of these videos' discussion thread are also included in this post.
Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2019/11/fila-red-ozos-kufis-and-some-other.htm for Part I of a two part pancocojams series. Part I presents information about filas, red ozos, kufis, aboki caps, and some traditional male caps that are worn in parts of Nigeria, West Africa. These featured head caps are also worn in some other parts of Africa, and elsewhere around the world. Part II presents videos of those male caps.
The content of this post is presented for cultural and educational purposes.
All copyrights remain with their owners.
Thanks to all those who are featured in the videos that are embedded in this post and thanks to all those quoted in this post. Thanks also to the publishers of these videos on YouTube.
****
SHOWCASE VIDEOS
Video #1: #BattaBox #BattaBoxNG #Nigeria
How-to wear your Nigeria Caps with SWAGGER! (Yoruba, Hausa and Igbo!)
BattaBox, Jul 2, 2013
Africa Fashion - essential to any traditional Nigerian outfit, but often overlooked by international fashion design, is the Nigeria cap that men wear with their traditional clothes. So BattaBox headed out to the tailors and shops of Lagos to explore the caps and headwear of the three main ethnic groups in Nigeria - Igbo, Yoruba and Hausa.
"It's as if I'm collecting title!" says Olukayode as he wraps the orange beads around his neck and puts on the traditional red cap of the Ibgo, from Eastern Nigeria. "Nigerian clothing is unique and very attractive!"
The Igbo shopkeeper explains its significance: "In Iboland this red for chiefs, while ordinary person can wear black, brown green or white."
It is often called the Red Ozo or Ichie Okpu.
Although the idea of a 'chief' is a relatively novel idea for the Igbo people (it was introduced during the colonial period by the British), a significant amount of status is afforded to those wearing the red cap and beads.
"Even if you have money and cars - people will not recognise you so much unless you have cap,"says the shopkeeper.
-snip-
Here are some comments from this video's discussion thread:
1. BattaBox, 2013
"We love that each cap has it's own distinct local design and meaning! Naija get SWAG o!"
**
2. onty23, 2013
"No be only 3 types of cap for yoruba land o, there are more types o"
**
REPLY
3. BattaBox, 2013
"Politician's caps, Aboki caps, Igbo chiefs cap and much more!!"
**
4. Dámaris BestNails, 2016
"is there any cap that women can use without beeing like that big ones but small one like of men? and please what is the name for to search. the hausa woman wearing is fine but she is mulsim I gues and am nt muslim."
**
REPLY
6. BattaBox, 2016
"+Dámaris Bustos in Nigeria Men mostly wear caps and women tie the scarves on their head... you should try the scarves, type Nigeria Gele or Aso ebi bella gele"
**
REPLY
7. Teyanna, 2018
"Try the kufi but clothing in nigeria is typically gendered and women wear a gele"
^^^^
Video #2: HOW TO WEAR THE FILA (African cap)
Segungele Int'l, Apr 22, 2016
Fila is the Yoruba name given to the Cap most African men wear on their head to functions which comes in different shapes, sizes and style! Just like the Gele is Synonymous to woman so is the Fila to men. The Fila can be worn to Numerous Events such as Weddings, Chieftaincy titles, church, mosques, birthday etc and it's a form of Asoebi for the Men as well.
In this Video I will show you how to wear the Fila properly!
-snip-
Here are some comments from this video's discussion thread:
1. missy falayi, 2016
"Thanks Segun for this brillant display. Just one question. Why is the fila bent to the right and not to the left?"
**
REPLY
2. سـلـيـمـان أحـمـد
سـلـيـمـان أحـمـد
2018
"missy falayi
leaning to the right (single) leaning to the left (married).
i'm a yoruba, born and raised in america. 🌍"
****
Video #3: Nigerian Yoruba Traditional Wedding : Lola & OLU
mybeautiful story, Sep 29, 2016
The beautiful Nigerian Yoruba Traditional Wedding of Lola and Olu that was held in Lagos Nigeria. We have friends with Lola from London, so when it was time to get married, we were the first on the list. We also did the wedding photography for this beautifiul African wedding. We love yoruba traditional weddings.
****
Video #4: #NazirMAhmad #NaziruMAhmad #SarkinWaka
Rawa Rawa by Nazir M Ahmad
BAHAUSHE, Mar 22, 2018
-snip-
This video and other Nigerian videos (of weddings, music performances etc) show people showering the bride and groom, the performers, dancers, or other dignitaries with paper money.
^^^^
Video #6: Igbo Traditional Wedding- Uchechi & Amobi
55Media, Nov 13, 2017
****
Video #6: Venessa & Nobel - Igbo traditional wedding #Imo state
Nobel Nwosa, Jan 14, 2018
****
Video #7: Fatima Dangote & Jamil Abubakar's Grand Wedding
CinematicsNG, Oct 31, 2019
With a rich cultural tradition, the Hausa's for years have been known for its beautiful conservative nature. The richness in its ethnic dressing, dialects, religion, dance, art and yes cultural distinctiveness in marriage and it's rites.
The beauty in its Africaness is displayed in its richness and diversity. The Hausa ethnicity is one of the most popular and prominent tribal groups in West Africa and has been known to be the cultural background of some of the most prominent people in Nigeria as a whole.
What's not to love about its richness, it's purity, its essence, it's love shared, it's exclusivity, it's peacefulness, it's modesty.
Marriage. Love. The Fatiha. The Bride. She is most beautiful on her day of pride and joy as she's ushered to her new family, her husband during the rites. She is taught respect and love and her husband is expected to shower her with affection and appreciation.
Congratulations to the couple as Jamil takes Fatima home.
****
Video #8: ALHAJI ALIKO DANGOTE'S DAUGHTER'S WEDDING IN KANO
TheBOSofficial, Mar 20, 2018
****
This concludes Part II of this two part pancocojams series.
Thanks for visiting pancocojams.
Visitor comments are welcome.
Showing posts with label Nigerian languages and cultures. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Nigerian languages and cultures. Show all posts
Friday, November 29, 2019
Filas, Red Ozos, Kufis, Aboki Cap, And Some Other Names For Traditional Nigerian Male Caps (information)
Edited by Azizi Poqwll
This is Part I of two part pancocojams about filas, red ozos, kufis, aboki cap, and some other names for traditional Nigerian male caps.
Part I presents information about filas, red ozos, kufis, aboki caps, and some traditional male caps that are worn in parts of Nigeria, West Africa. These featured head caps are also worn in some other parts of Africa, and elsewhere around the world.
Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2019/11/filas-red-ozos-kufis-and-some-other.html for Part II of this pancocojams series. Part II showcases two YouTube videos demonstrating how to wear various traditional Nigerian caps. Part II also showcases a few YouTube videos of Nigerian weddings with special attention to the traditional caps and other attire that is worn by males.
The content of this post is presented for cultural and educational purposes.
All copyrights remain with their owners.
Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post.
-snip-
Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2019/11/five-videos-of-nigerian-master-drummer.html for a closely related pancocojams post entitled "Five Videos Of Nigerian Master Drummer Olatunji & His Drums Of Passion Band (with a focus on traditional African caps worn by men)". The Addendum to that post features a YouTube video of how kube hats are made. The summary to that video indicates that those hats are predominately worn by Hausas.
****
EXCERPTS ABOUT FILAS, RED OZOS, KUFIS, ABOKI CAPS, AND SOME OTHER NAMES FOR TRADITIONAL NIGERIAN MALE CAPS
These articles and their selected comments are given in no particular order, and are numbered for referencing purposes only.
Excerpt #1:
From https://guardian.ng/life/types-of-native-caps-among-yorubas-and-their-importance/ "3 Yoruba Native Caps You Should Know About" BY MODUPEOLUWA ADEKANYE, 26 JULY 2019
"Fashion is constantly evolving, however, native caps are still the same as they were many years ago.
In Nigeria, traditional fashion styles are not complete without a matching cap. It is a unique part of the outfit that makes every man wearing native looks dashing.
In addition, Yoruba native caps are popularly known as ‘Fila’ which is the Yoruba name for the cap.
Yoruba caps are made of different types of material. They are mostly sewn or handwoven from Aso Oke fabric, velvet, cotton or damask. Yoruba caps are worn as head attire to complement native attires such as Agbada, different types of Ankara designs, etc.
The first important thing to note when using the native cap is that it must match other clothing you are putting on.
Also, wearing your cap to the right shows you are married, if left, it means you are single.
There are different types of Native caps:
Abeti Aja
This cap, Abeti Aja”, means “like the ears of a dog”. This style of Yoruba cap looks like a triangle with two edges sticking out like the ears of a dog. This style is common among both young and old Yoruba men. Also, some traditional Yoruba drummers like to wear this style. You can wear this style of Yoruba cap and change the position of the edges: they can be pointed upwards, or a bit folded.
Gobi style
In addition, this is the most common style of Yoruba cap these days. Before buying one, make sure that it fits your head properly. You can fold this any way you like. You can fold it on the right or on the left, a bit on the front part or a bit to the back.
Lastly, Kufi style is very common among Yoruba Muslims and also royal people. It is usually worn on dashiki lace style."
****
Excerpt #2:
From https://www.quora.com/Is-the-Yoruba-f%C3%ACla-g%E1%BB%8Dbi-worn-to-the-left-or-right-culturally-indicative-of-the-marital-status-of-Yoruba-men
[comment]
Olukayode Adégòke, Teaching Assistant at University of Lethbridge
Answered Apr 1, 2018
..."There are different style of Yoruba traditional cap.
Abèti aja - made with asọ oke or sányán and common amongst older men, royalties, elite perhaps.
ẹtu- usualy made from aso oke too, with little or no embroidery and can be tilted to either side depending on preferences. Its variance is Fila ọdẹ
Gọbi - Also made from Asọ okè or sànyàn and mostly are without embroidery so it can have the filling and soft on the edge and readily easy to be tilted either way, even in front. Actually ẹtu is the name of the cap and the tilting is what is referred to as gọbi, hence you hear; “he wears his fila in the gọbi style". Gọbi is therefore the style with which the cap is worn.
The marriage attribution is largely new and recents with all these alaga iduro phenomena at yoruba weddings just finding a way to spice up the whole ceremony by asking the groom to to tilt his cap to the left immediately his dowry is accepted just to signify he is now married and his new spouse heart at his left. A form of symbolism of the heart at the left."
****
Excerpt #3
From https://newafrikan77.wordpress.com/2018/02/07/the-truth-behind-the-igbo-red-cap-red-ozo-ichie-okpu-ogbuefis-opu-meaning-and-sacred-tradition/ "The Truth Behind The Igbo Red Cap ( Red Ozo , Ichie Okpu, Ogbuefis, Opu ) Meaning And Sacred Tradition" Posted by newafrikan77Feb 2018
"In Igboland the red is for chiefs, while ordinary person can wear black, brown, green or white.” It is often called the Red Ozo or Ichie Okpu.
Ugo (Eagle) feather on the their traditional cap shows that they are the cream of society because the Eagle in Igboland is seen as the most beautiful bird, therefore it is believed to be the cream of society.
The red cap is from Nri (‘the land of the ideal manifestation’) and was given to the Ozo (meaning ‘saviours’) and Nze (apprentice Ozo) who were ‘peace warriors’ that went on spiritual missions (ifu ije or gbata ọsọ) across Igboland. The red symbolises fire and fire Agbala, which is the ‘holy spirit’. The red cap signifies that the Ozo and Nze are agents of Agbala. The ozo sects also acts as a ‘parliament’ from which the Eze Nri is selected.
[...]
The ‘red cap’ worn by chiefs in Igboland symbolizes authority, tradition, and culture; and it also represents the entire institution of leadership, authority, and power in Igbo culture.
Putting on the red cap is not an all-comers affair in Igboland as there are always a select number of individuals who are entitled to wear this special cap (especially with eagle feather which in its own right signifies prominence).
[...]
The wearers of the Igbo red cap are usually men who have fulfilled certain obligations and maintained the standards laid down in their various communities.
They are recognized in the different communities in Igboland by names such as ‘Nzes’, ‘Ichies’, ‘Ozos’, ‘Ogbuefis’ and others.; who are not expected to misrepresent, cheat or enroll in any project that can lead the traditional formation into disrepute.
Although it has become common practice nowadays, especially in large cities outside the Igboland, to see a lot of Igbo men indiscriminately putting on the Igbo traditional red cap, without fulfilling the conditions and earning the entitlement to do so, custodians of the custom and stakeholders are bemoaning the planned and continued misuse of the Igbo cap and the whole Igbo chieftaincy formation in common.
Nwosu Ibe, The Ezendigbo of Abuja, once said that the Igbo cap was not allowed be worn by everyone, noticing that it should only be worn by those people who were permitted by the fellowship to put it on.
[...].
Mr. Ibe reiterated that it was offensive for people to put on the ‘red cap’ indiscriminately, describing those who flouted the cultural norms as people with no reason of value.
‘It is lamentable that these days, many fake people get Igbo cap titles through the back door and some even put on the cap without receiving it traditionally from anybody. And such people show themselves as titled men and chiefs. Sometimes even those men who are not recognized in the Igbo land at all or by their own communities, still wear Igbo cap, but on their own volition, however, this is a total taboo’.
Different cultural experts often stress the need to preserve such sanctity of the ‘Igbo cap’ in their morals and ethos. They say that this cap has been a real symbolic feature of the rich Igbo culture over hundreds of years and it should be saved according to all the rules and traditions."...
****
Excerpt #4
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kufi#Etymology
Kufi: Etymology
"In the Yoruba language, Ade means crown, and fila means cap. The city of Kufi is located in Yorubaland near Ibadan. Other West African names include fula, fila, and malo hat.[3] This cap is called a kofia in the Swahili language of East Africa [4] (see the kanzu article for further information). In the United States, the West African name, kufi, is most commonly used."
****
Excerpt #5
From https://www.yourdictionary.com/kufi
"kufi ku·fi
noun
ku·fis
1. Any of various styles of brimless hats and caps traditionally worn by Muslim men, especially a crocheted or knit skullcap.
2. A brimless cylindrical hat traditionally worn by West African men.
Origin of kufi
Ultimately from Arabic kūfīya keffiyeh ; see keffiyeh
****
Excerpt #6:
From https://classroom.synonym.com/is-the-kufi-necessary-for-islamic-worship-12087761.html "Is the Kufi Necessary for Islamic Worship?" By Jennifer Spirko ; Updated September 29, 2017
"A kufi is a round, brimless hat widely seen among African men and their descendants around the world and in parts of Asia. These round caps are nearly flat on top with slightly domed, high sides; in parts of Africa, they are highly decorated and reflect the wearer’s status. Because they are so indelibly linked to the wearer’s culture, they have become associated with traditional Muslim dress. Wearing a kufi is not, however, required for Islamic worship or prayer.
[...]
Gender Distinctiveness
Although head covering is not mandatory, the kufi may serve an important function in helping a Muslim man to obey wardrobe requirements in other ways. Islamic law requires men to dress distinctively from women.The kufi is a traditionally male accessory, visibly different from a woman’s headscarf or wrap.
Cultural Distinctiveness
Islamic law also calls for Muslims to dress distinctively from unbelievers. This is another way in which a kufi may be important, if not mandatory, for Muslim men. The cap has become so prevalent among African Muslim populations that it has come to signify Muslim identity at least as much as African identity. It is widely popular among Asian Muslim populations as well; cab driver Raja Awais Naeem, who is of Pakistani origin, sued the city of St. Louis in 2012 for not being allowed to wear his kufi on the job. Indeed, the Council on American-Islamic Relations, in its “Employer’s Guide to Islamic Religious Practices,” includes the kufi as one of the garments important to many Muslims.
Optional Garments
The kufi is permitted, even encouraged, by Islamic law and custom, but it is not mandatory. Islamic scholars record a number of important precedents for early Muslim leaders wearing a kufi, including Anas Bin Malik, Rasulullah and Wabisah. Other garments may also fulfill the requirements of gender and cultural distinctiveness, such as a turban and thowb (a long shirt). None of these, however, is specifically required during prayer or worship."
****
Excerpt #7:
From https://www.dejiandkola.com/how-to-wear-hausa-fulani-aboki-cap-fula
"How to wear Hausa-fulani aboki cap & Hat (FULA)
"It is believed that one’s tribe can say a lot about a person. In some cases, when people are asked to introduce themselves, their tribe is the first thing they reveal. Hausa tribe happens to be one of the popular Nigerian tribes and the Hausa/aboki cap also called the FULA is an item of clothing that traditionally represents the history of the tribe.
This hat displays a rich cultural significance for many African people. not only is it worn to protect the wearer from the harsh rays of the sun, but is also a symbol of wealth and status. During festivals Fulani men will wear these hats as way to attract women. Made from leather and fiber, each hat is embellished with cowrie shells and to other typical Fulani adornments. Each hat is hand-made by the people of Mali, West Africa
Wearing Hausa traditional cap
We will start with the President of Nigeria, who by the way can rarely be seen without his Fula. President Muhammadu Buhari always sports his traditional cap and has been seen at numerous events wearing it with a Babn Riga. Traditional Hausa cap is a must-have for traditional weddings in Hausa land.
Hausa men always keep it fashionable. This handsome man below puts on his best traditional wear in all white with golden-green embroidery and a matching Fula to top it off. This is how to wear the Hausa cap.
Let us stop for a moment and admire the detail on this Fula! This is one of the many reasons to love Fulas, besides the variety of colors, they have unique embroidered designs. This man chose to not wear the Babban Riga on this day. However, that did not stop him from pairing his traditional attire with a multicolored Fula.
Regardless of the fact that the Babban Riga is popularly paired with the Fula, it is not totally compulsory that they are worn together. If one desires, he can wear the Babban Riga without the Fula or pair your Fula with some other traditional attire. Nowadays men are becoming more fashion creative in their style of dressing, pairing their Fula with Ankara and other traditional attires. With this few hints, we hope to have taught you a bit on how to wear the Hausa aboki cap (FULA). “...
****
Excerpt #8
From https://www.konga.com/product/hula-hausa-cap-aboki-cap-fila-tangaran-4271781
"This High quality Hausa Aboki Cap is suitable for all Nigerian, Nigerian and Chadian native dresses. It is produce in Nothern part of Nigeria. It is beautifully handcrafted, The caps are traditionally made from strips of elaborately embroidered cloth that are perfectly knitted together. It also known as Tangaran Cap .The designs are usually made of lines and shapes which often symbolizes important events and occasions. the cap is evergreen it does not fade and has never gone out of fashion in Nigeria."
****
This concludes Part I of this two part pancocojams series.
Thanks for visiting pancocojams.
Visitor comments are welcome.
This is Part I of two part pancocojams about filas, red ozos, kufis, aboki cap, and some other names for traditional Nigerian male caps.
Part I presents information about filas, red ozos, kufis, aboki caps, and some traditional male caps that are worn in parts of Nigeria, West Africa. These featured head caps are also worn in some other parts of Africa, and elsewhere around the world.
Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2019/11/filas-red-ozos-kufis-and-some-other.html for Part II of this pancocojams series. Part II showcases two YouTube videos demonstrating how to wear various traditional Nigerian caps. Part II also showcases a few YouTube videos of Nigerian weddings with special attention to the traditional caps and other attire that is worn by males.
The content of this post is presented for cultural and educational purposes.
All copyrights remain with their owners.
Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post.
-snip-
Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2019/11/five-videos-of-nigerian-master-drummer.html for a closely related pancocojams post entitled "Five Videos Of Nigerian Master Drummer Olatunji & His Drums Of Passion Band (with a focus on traditional African caps worn by men)". The Addendum to that post features a YouTube video of how kube hats are made. The summary to that video indicates that those hats are predominately worn by Hausas.
****
EXCERPTS ABOUT FILAS, RED OZOS, KUFIS, ABOKI CAPS, AND SOME OTHER NAMES FOR TRADITIONAL NIGERIAN MALE CAPS
These articles and their selected comments are given in no particular order, and are numbered for referencing purposes only.
Excerpt #1:
From https://guardian.ng/life/types-of-native-caps-among-yorubas-and-their-importance/ "3 Yoruba Native Caps You Should Know About" BY MODUPEOLUWA ADEKANYE, 26 JULY 2019
"Fashion is constantly evolving, however, native caps are still the same as they were many years ago.
In Nigeria, traditional fashion styles are not complete without a matching cap. It is a unique part of the outfit that makes every man wearing native looks dashing.
In addition, Yoruba native caps are popularly known as ‘Fila’ which is the Yoruba name for the cap.
Yoruba caps are made of different types of material. They are mostly sewn or handwoven from Aso Oke fabric, velvet, cotton or damask. Yoruba caps are worn as head attire to complement native attires such as Agbada, different types of Ankara designs, etc.
The first important thing to note when using the native cap is that it must match other clothing you are putting on.
Also, wearing your cap to the right shows you are married, if left, it means you are single.
There are different types of Native caps:
Abeti Aja
This cap, Abeti Aja”, means “like the ears of a dog”. This style of Yoruba cap looks like a triangle with two edges sticking out like the ears of a dog. This style is common among both young and old Yoruba men. Also, some traditional Yoruba drummers like to wear this style. You can wear this style of Yoruba cap and change the position of the edges: they can be pointed upwards, or a bit folded.
Gobi style
In addition, this is the most common style of Yoruba cap these days. Before buying one, make sure that it fits your head properly. You can fold this any way you like. You can fold it on the right or on the left, a bit on the front part or a bit to the back.
Lastly, Kufi style is very common among Yoruba Muslims and also royal people. It is usually worn on dashiki lace style."
****
Excerpt #2:
From https://www.quora.com/Is-the-Yoruba-f%C3%ACla-g%E1%BB%8Dbi-worn-to-the-left-or-right-culturally-indicative-of-the-marital-status-of-Yoruba-men
[comment]
Olukayode Adégòke, Teaching Assistant at University of Lethbridge
Answered Apr 1, 2018
..."There are different style of Yoruba traditional cap.
Abèti aja - made with asọ oke or sányán and common amongst older men, royalties, elite perhaps.
ẹtu- usualy made from aso oke too, with little or no embroidery and can be tilted to either side depending on preferences. Its variance is Fila ọdẹ
Gọbi - Also made from Asọ okè or sànyàn and mostly are without embroidery so it can have the filling and soft on the edge and readily easy to be tilted either way, even in front. Actually ẹtu is the name of the cap and the tilting is what is referred to as gọbi, hence you hear; “he wears his fila in the gọbi style". Gọbi is therefore the style with which the cap is worn.
The marriage attribution is largely new and recents with all these alaga iduro phenomena at yoruba weddings just finding a way to spice up the whole ceremony by asking the groom to to tilt his cap to the left immediately his dowry is accepted just to signify he is now married and his new spouse heart at his left. A form of symbolism of the heart at the left."
****
Excerpt #3
From https://newafrikan77.wordpress.com/2018/02/07/the-truth-behind-the-igbo-red-cap-red-ozo-ichie-okpu-ogbuefis-opu-meaning-and-sacred-tradition/ "The Truth Behind The Igbo Red Cap ( Red Ozo , Ichie Okpu, Ogbuefis, Opu ) Meaning And Sacred Tradition" Posted by newafrikan77Feb 2018
"In Igboland the red is for chiefs, while ordinary person can wear black, brown, green or white.” It is often called the Red Ozo or Ichie Okpu.
Ugo (Eagle) feather on the their traditional cap shows that they are the cream of society because the Eagle in Igboland is seen as the most beautiful bird, therefore it is believed to be the cream of society.
The red cap is from Nri (‘the land of the ideal manifestation’) and was given to the Ozo (meaning ‘saviours’) and Nze (apprentice Ozo) who were ‘peace warriors’ that went on spiritual missions (ifu ije or gbata ọsọ) across Igboland. The red symbolises fire and fire Agbala, which is the ‘holy spirit’. The red cap signifies that the Ozo and Nze are agents of Agbala. The ozo sects also acts as a ‘parliament’ from which the Eze Nri is selected.
[...]
The ‘red cap’ worn by chiefs in Igboland symbolizes authority, tradition, and culture; and it also represents the entire institution of leadership, authority, and power in Igbo culture.
Putting on the red cap is not an all-comers affair in Igboland as there are always a select number of individuals who are entitled to wear this special cap (especially with eagle feather which in its own right signifies prominence).
[...]
The wearers of the Igbo red cap are usually men who have fulfilled certain obligations and maintained the standards laid down in their various communities.
They are recognized in the different communities in Igboland by names such as ‘Nzes’, ‘Ichies’, ‘Ozos’, ‘Ogbuefis’ and others.; who are not expected to misrepresent, cheat or enroll in any project that can lead the traditional formation into disrepute.
Although it has become common practice nowadays, especially in large cities outside the Igboland, to see a lot of Igbo men indiscriminately putting on the Igbo traditional red cap, without fulfilling the conditions and earning the entitlement to do so, custodians of the custom and stakeholders are bemoaning the planned and continued misuse of the Igbo cap and the whole Igbo chieftaincy formation in common.
Nwosu Ibe, The Ezendigbo of Abuja, once said that the Igbo cap was not allowed be worn by everyone, noticing that it should only be worn by those people who were permitted by the fellowship to put it on.
[...].
Mr. Ibe reiterated that it was offensive for people to put on the ‘red cap’ indiscriminately, describing those who flouted the cultural norms as people with no reason of value.
‘It is lamentable that these days, many fake people get Igbo cap titles through the back door and some even put on the cap without receiving it traditionally from anybody. And such people show themselves as titled men and chiefs. Sometimes even those men who are not recognized in the Igbo land at all or by their own communities, still wear Igbo cap, but on their own volition, however, this is a total taboo’.
Different cultural experts often stress the need to preserve such sanctity of the ‘Igbo cap’ in their morals and ethos. They say that this cap has been a real symbolic feature of the rich Igbo culture over hundreds of years and it should be saved according to all the rules and traditions."...
****
Excerpt #4
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kufi#Etymology
Kufi: Etymology
"In the Yoruba language, Ade means crown, and fila means cap. The city of Kufi is located in Yorubaland near Ibadan. Other West African names include fula, fila, and malo hat.[3] This cap is called a kofia in the Swahili language of East Africa [4] (see the kanzu article for further information). In the United States, the West African name, kufi, is most commonly used."
****
Excerpt #5
From https://www.yourdictionary.com/kufi
"kufi ku·fi
noun
ku·fis
1. Any of various styles of brimless hats and caps traditionally worn by Muslim men, especially a crocheted or knit skullcap.
2. A brimless cylindrical hat traditionally worn by West African men.
Origin of kufi
Ultimately from Arabic kūfīya keffiyeh ; see keffiyeh
****
Excerpt #6:
From https://classroom.synonym.com/is-the-kufi-necessary-for-islamic-worship-12087761.html "Is the Kufi Necessary for Islamic Worship?" By Jennifer Spirko ; Updated September 29, 2017
"A kufi is a round, brimless hat widely seen among African men and their descendants around the world and in parts of Asia. These round caps are nearly flat on top with slightly domed, high sides; in parts of Africa, they are highly decorated and reflect the wearer’s status. Because they are so indelibly linked to the wearer’s culture, they have become associated with traditional Muslim dress. Wearing a kufi is not, however, required for Islamic worship or prayer.
[...]
Gender Distinctiveness
Although head covering is not mandatory, the kufi may serve an important function in helping a Muslim man to obey wardrobe requirements in other ways. Islamic law requires men to dress distinctively from women.The kufi is a traditionally male accessory, visibly different from a woman’s headscarf or wrap.
Cultural Distinctiveness
Islamic law also calls for Muslims to dress distinctively from unbelievers. This is another way in which a kufi may be important, if not mandatory, for Muslim men. The cap has become so prevalent among African Muslim populations that it has come to signify Muslim identity at least as much as African identity. It is widely popular among Asian Muslim populations as well; cab driver Raja Awais Naeem, who is of Pakistani origin, sued the city of St. Louis in 2012 for not being allowed to wear his kufi on the job. Indeed, the Council on American-Islamic Relations, in its “Employer’s Guide to Islamic Religious Practices,” includes the kufi as one of the garments important to many Muslims.
Optional Garments
The kufi is permitted, even encouraged, by Islamic law and custom, but it is not mandatory. Islamic scholars record a number of important precedents for early Muslim leaders wearing a kufi, including Anas Bin Malik, Rasulullah and Wabisah. Other garments may also fulfill the requirements of gender and cultural distinctiveness, such as a turban and thowb (a long shirt). None of these, however, is specifically required during prayer or worship."
****
Excerpt #7:
From https://www.dejiandkola.com/how-to-wear-hausa-fulani-aboki-cap-fula
"How to wear Hausa-fulani aboki cap & Hat (FULA)
"It is believed that one’s tribe can say a lot about a person. In some cases, when people are asked to introduce themselves, their tribe is the first thing they reveal. Hausa tribe happens to be one of the popular Nigerian tribes and the Hausa/aboki cap also called the FULA is an item of clothing that traditionally represents the history of the tribe.
This hat displays a rich cultural significance for many African people. not only is it worn to protect the wearer from the harsh rays of the sun, but is also a symbol of wealth and status. During festivals Fulani men will wear these hats as way to attract women. Made from leather and fiber, each hat is embellished with cowrie shells and to other typical Fulani adornments. Each hat is hand-made by the people of Mali, West Africa
Wearing Hausa traditional cap
We will start with the President of Nigeria, who by the way can rarely be seen without his Fula. President Muhammadu Buhari always sports his traditional cap and has been seen at numerous events wearing it with a Babn Riga. Traditional Hausa cap is a must-have for traditional weddings in Hausa land.
Hausa men always keep it fashionable. This handsome man below puts on his best traditional wear in all white with golden-green embroidery and a matching Fula to top it off. This is how to wear the Hausa cap.
Let us stop for a moment and admire the detail on this Fula! This is one of the many reasons to love Fulas, besides the variety of colors, they have unique embroidered designs. This man chose to not wear the Babban Riga on this day. However, that did not stop him from pairing his traditional attire with a multicolored Fula.
Regardless of the fact that the Babban Riga is popularly paired with the Fula, it is not totally compulsory that they are worn together. If one desires, he can wear the Babban Riga without the Fula or pair your Fula with some other traditional attire. Nowadays men are becoming more fashion creative in their style of dressing, pairing their Fula with Ankara and other traditional attires. With this few hints, we hope to have taught you a bit on how to wear the Hausa aboki cap (FULA). “...
****
Excerpt #8
From https://www.konga.com/product/hula-hausa-cap-aboki-cap-fila-tangaran-4271781
"This High quality Hausa Aboki Cap is suitable for all Nigerian, Nigerian and Chadian native dresses. It is produce in Nothern part of Nigeria. It is beautifully handcrafted, The caps are traditionally made from strips of elaborately embroidered cloth that are perfectly knitted together. It also known as Tangaran Cap .The designs are usually made of lines and shapes which often symbolizes important events and occasions. the cap is evergreen it does not fade and has never gone out of fashion in Nigeria."
****
This concludes Part I of this two part pancocojams series.
Thanks for visiting pancocojams.
Visitor comments are welcome.
Thursday, April 20, 2017
Names For The Days Of Week In Ten Traditional Nigerian Languages (Part II)
Edited by Azizi Powell
This is Part II of a two part pancocojams series on the names for the days of the week in ten traditional Nigerian languages.
Part II provides information about and lists of the days for the week in Igbo, Ijaw, Kanuri, Urhobo, and Yoruba languages.
Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2017/04/names-of-week-in-ten-traditional.html for Part I of this series. Part I provides information about and lists of the days of the week in Edo, Efik, Fulfulde (Fula), Hausa, and Ibibio languages.
For information and comparison's sake, the Arabic names for the days of the week are also given in Part I since Arabic greatly influenced the names of the days of the week in Fulfulde, Kanuri, Hausa, as well as Swahili and certain other traditional African languages.
This post features only a very small sample of the languages spoken in Nigeria as there are over 521 languages that have been spoken in that nation (nine of them are now extinct.) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Nigeria
Note that some of the languages featured in this series are spoken in other West African nations.
This pancocojams series is part of an ongoing series that provides information about and lists of day names in various African languages. Click the "African languages days of the week" tag to find other posts in this ongoing series.
The content of this post is presented for linguistic, cultural, and educational purposes.
All copyrights remain with their owners.
Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post.
****
NAMES FOR DAYS OF THE WEEK IN FIVE TRADITIONAL NIGERIAN LANGUAGES
(This list is given in alphabetical order.)
Igbo
Excerpt #1:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igbo_language
"Igbo is the principal native language of the Igbo people, an ethnic group of southeastern Nigeria. There are approximately 24 million speakers, who live mostly in Nigeria and are primarily of Igbo descent. Igbo is written in the Latin script, which was introduced by British colonialists. There are over 20 Igbo dialects. There is apparently a degree of dialect levelling occurring. A standard literary language was developed in 1972 based on the Owerri (Isuama) and Umuahia (such as Ohuhu) dialects, though it omits the nasalization and aspiration of those varieties. There are related Igboid languages such as Ika, Ikwerre and Ogba that are sometimes considered dialects of Igbo,[6] the most divergent being Ekpeye. Igbo is also a recognised minority language of Equatorial Guinea."
**
Excerpt #2:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igbo_calendar
"The Igbo calendar (Igbo: Ògụ́àfọ̀ Ị̀gbò is the traditional calendar system of the Igbo people which has 13 months in a year (afo), 7 weeks in a month (onwa), and 4 days in a week (izu) plus an extra day at the end of the year, in the last month. …
Many parts of this calendar are named for or dedicated to certain spirits (Igbo: Mmuo) and deities (Igbo: Alusi) in Igbo mythology. Some of the spirits and deities were believed to have given the Igbo people knowledge of time. The days, also known as market day, also correspond to the four cardinal points, north, south, east, west.
Market Days
Igbos generally have four market days, namely: eke, orie, afor and nkwo. The market days according to the Igbo calendar follow each other sequentially as shown below:
Eke
Orie
Afor
Nkwo
[...]
The names of the days have their roots in the mythology of the Kingdom of Nri. Eri, the sky-descended founder of the Nri kingdom, had gone on to break the mystery of time and on his journey he had saluted and counted the four days by the names of the spirits that governed them, hence the names of the spirits eke, orie, afọ and nkwọ became those of the days of the week. The days also correspond to the four cardinal points, Afọ corresponds to north, Nkwọ to south, Eke to east, and Orie to west.[5] These spirits, who were fishmongers, were sent down by Chukwu (Great God) in order to establish markets throughout Igboland which they did by selling fish.[4]
While there are four days, they come in alternate cycles of "major" and "minor", giving a longer eight day cycle.[6]"
****
Excerpt #3
From http://www.nairaland.com/1115190/days-week-nigerian-languages-meanings Re: The Days Of The Week In Nigerian Languages And Their Meanings.
[comment] by chijiblaze(m): On Sep 16, 2016
"There are eight (8 ) days in the Igbo week.
Ya bụ Ụbọchị asatọ bọrọ n'eluigwe
Eke Ukwu - Greater Eke
Orie (or oye or orye)
Afor
Nkwo
Eke Nta (or Lesser Eke)
Orie
Afor
Nkwo"
**
Excerpt #4:
From http://www.nairaland.com/1115190/days-week-nigerian-languages-meanings Re: The Days Of The Week In Nigerian Languages And Their Meanings
[comment by chijiblaze(m): On Jan 13 [2017]
"Ụbọchị Ụkà / Mbọsị Ụkà = Sunday
Osote Ụbọchị Ụkà / Osota Mbọsị Ụkà = Monday
....Tuesday....?
Ụbọchị Etiti Izu-Ụkà / Mbọsị Etiti / Etiti Izu = Wednesday.
Osote Ụbọchị Etiti / Osota Mbọsị Etiti = Thursday
.....Friday.......?
Ụbọchị Nzùrike / Mbọsị Ezùmike = Saturday.
****
Ijaw
Excerpt #1:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijaw_people
"Ijaw people (also known by the subgroups "Ijo" or "Izon") are a collection of peoples indigenous mostly to the regions of the Bayelsa, Edo, Delta, Ondo, Akwa Ibom and Rivers States within the Niger Delta in Nigeria. Many are found as migrant fishermen in camps as far west as Sierra Leone and as far east as Gabon along the Western Africa coastline and the Dakolo Family that migrated from Ghana notable from the family is Timi Dakolo.
The Ijo population is estimated to be over 15 million people....
Language
The Ijaw speak nine closely related Niger–Congo languages, all of which belong to the Ijoid branch of the Niger–Congo tree. The primary division between the Ijo languages is that between Eastern Ijo and Western Ijo, the most important of the former group of languages being Izon, which is spoken by about ten million people."...
**
Excerpt #2:
From http://www.nairaland.com/1115190/days-week-nigerian-languages-meanings Re: The Days Of The Week In Nigerian Languages And Their Meanings.
[comment] by AjiereTuwo: On Sep 24, 2016
"Days of the week in Ibani egere(ijaw)
Oru ene - Sunday
Oru ene obuu - Monday
Kala feni ibiene - Tuesday
Ogunu feni ibiene - Wednesday
Feni obuu ene - Thursday
Feni ibiene - Friday
Kala oru ene - Saturday"
****
Kanuri
Excerpt #1:
From http://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Kanuri.html
"Name Origin: Kanuri means 'person'.
Classification. Nilo-Saharan, Saharan. Other members of the Saharan branch are Tedaga, Dazaga and Zaghawa.
Overview. Kanuri is one of the three major languages of northern Nigeria (the other two are Hausa and Fula) and is also spoken in Chad and Niger. It is associated with the Karen-Bornu trading empire that ruled around Lake Chad from the 9th to 19th centuries. Kanuri served as a lingua franca of northern Nigeria but its role was reduced in favor of Hausa during colonial times. It is a tonal language with an agglutinating morphology and verb-final sentences.
Distribution. Kanuri is spoken west, north and east of Lake Chad: in northeastern Nigeria (state of Borno), eastern Niger, western Chad (states of Kanem, Lake and Chari-Baguirmi) and northern Cameroon. A substantial number of Kanuri expatriates live in Sudan....
Status. Kanuri is one of the national languages of Nigeria and Niger. A standard Kanuri orthography was formulated in Nigeria where the language is taught in schools and at the University of Maiduguri (capital of the state of Borno), being used in the media as well."
**
Excerpt #2:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuri_people
"The Kanuri people (Kanouri, Kanowri, also Yerwa and several subgroup names) are an African ethnic group living largely in the lands of the former Kanem and Bornu Empires in Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon. Those generally termed Kanuri include several subgroups and dialect groups, some of whom feel themselves distinct from the Kanuri. Most trace their origins to ruling lineages of the medieval Kanem-Bornu Empire, its client states or provinces. In contrast to neighboring Toubou or Zaghawa pastoralists, Kanuri groups have traditionally been sedentary, engaging in farming, fishing the Chad Basin, and engaged in trade and salt processing.[5]"...
**
Excerpt #3:
From http://www.masteranylanguage.com/c/r/en/Kanuri/DaysOfWeek/2 Kanuri Language (Kanuri) Days of the Week Level 2
"Litinin
Monday
tàláwù
Tuesday
láráwà
Wednesday
làmísù
Thursday
jəmmà
Friday
səbdù
Saturday
lâdù
Sunday
****
Urbobo
Excerpt #1:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urhobo_people
"The Urhobos are people of southern Nigeria, near the northwestern Niger delta. The Urhobo is the major ethnic group in Delta State. Delta State is one of the 36 states of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The Urhobos speak the Urhobo language. The Urhobo culture is related to several cultures in the Niger-Delta...
There are about two million Urhobos. The word Urhobo refer to a group of people and not the geographical territory. The Urhobos have social and cultural affinity to the Edo speaking people of Nigeria (Northcote Thomas, 1910).
[...]
Urhobo calendar[edit]
Urhobo Okpo (week) is made up of four days based on regulated market cycles, religious worship, marriages and other community life. The four days of the Urhobo week are Edewo, Ediruo, Eduhre, and Edebi. In Urhobo mythology, Edewo and Eduhre are sacred days to divinities, spirits, and ancestors. Most markets are held on these days. Ancestors are venerated on Edewo. Most traditional religious rituals are held on Eduhre."...
**
Excerpt #2:
https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=413853415302872&id=292790394075842
Urhobo People's Progress, May 25, 2012 ·
"Urhobo calendar
Urhobo Okpo (week) is made up of four days which regulates market cycles, religious worship, marriages and other community life. The four day's of the Urhobo week are:Edewo,Ediruo,Eduhre,Edebi. In Urhobo mythology, Edewo and Eduhre are sacred days to divinities, spirits and ancestors. Most market days are held on these days, ancestors are venerated on Edewo. Most traditional religious rituals are held on Eduhre."
****
Yoruba
Excerpt #1:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_people
"Yoruba people (Yoruba: Ìran Yorùbá, literally: Yoruba lineage, also known as Àwon omo Yorùbá, literally: Children of Yoruba, or simply as Yoruba) are an ethnic group of Southwestern and North Central Nigeria as well as Southern and Central Benin, together known as Yorubaland. The Yoruba constitute over 40 million people in total. The majority of this population is from Nigeria and make up 21% of its population, according to the CIA World Factbook,[1] making them one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa. The majority of the Yoruba speak the Yoruba language, which is tonal, and is the Niger-Congo language with the largest number of native speakers.[9]
...
Significant Yoruba populations in other West African countries can be found in Ghana,[10][11][12] Ivory Coast,[13] Liberia and Sierra Leone.[14]
The Yoruba diaspora consists of two main groupings; one of them includes relatively recent migrants, the majority of which moved to the United Kingdom and the United States after major economic and political changes in the 1960s to 1980s; the other is a much older population dating back to the Atlantic slave trade. This older group has communities in such countries as Cuba, Dominican Republic, Saint Lucia, Jamaica,[15] Brazil, Grenada,[16] Trinidad and Tobago,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23] among others"...
**
Excerpt #2:
From http://www.omniglot.com/writing/yoruba.htm
"Yoruba (èdè Yorùbá)
Yoruba is one of the four official languages of Nigeria and is a member of the Volta-Niger branch of the Niger-Congo family of languages. It is spoken by about 22 million people in southwest Nigeria, Benin, Togo, the UK, Brazil and the USA.
Yoruba first appeared in writing during the 19th century. The first Yoruba publications were a number of teaching booklets produced by John Raban in 1830-2. The person who made the biggest contribution to Yoruba literacy was Bishop Ajayi (Samual) Crowther (1806-1891), who studied many of the languages of Nigeria, including Yoruba, and wrote and translated in some of them. Crowther was also the first Christian bishop of West African origin. A Yoruba orthography appeared in about 1850, though it has undergone a number of changes since then.
[...]
Yoruba is a tonal language with three tones: high, mid and low. The high tone is indicated by an acute accent (á, é, ẹ́, í, ó, ọ́ and ú). The mid tone is not marked and the low tone is marked with a grave acute (à, è, ẹ̀, ì, ò, ọ̀ and ù)."...
**
Excerpt #3:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_calendar
"The traditional Yoruba week has four days. The four days that are dedicated to the Orisa go as follow:
Day 1 is dedicated to Obatala (Sopanna, Iyaami, and the Egungun)
Day 2 is dedicated to Orunmila (Esu, Ifá and Osun) *
Day 3 is dedicated to Ogun (Osoosi)
Day 4 is dedicated to Sango (Oya)
To reconcile with the Gregorian calendar, Yoruba people also measure time in seven days a week and four weeks a month. The four-day calendar was dedicated to the Orisas and the seven-day calendar is for doing business.
The seven days are: Ojo-Aiku (Sunday), Ojo-Aje (Monday), Ojo-Ishegun (Tuesday), Ojo-Riru (Wednesday), Ojo-Bo/Alamisi (Thursday), Ojo-Eti (Friday) and Ojo-Abameta (Saturday).
[...]
The traditional Yoruba calendar (Kojoda) has a 4-day week and 91 weeks in a year. The Yoruba year spans from 3 June of a Gregorian calendar year to 2 June of the following year. According to the calendar developed by Remi-Niyi Alaran[who?], the Gregorian year 2015 AD is the 10,057th year of Yoruba records of time.[2] With the British colonial and European cultural invasions, came the need to reconcile with the Gregorian calendar: Yoruba people also measure time in seven days a week and 52 weeks a year."
-snip-
The asterisk is given in this Wikipedia page, but doesn't appear to lead to any information. Click the pancocojams tag "Yoruba orishas" for posts about this subject.
****
This concludes Part II of this two part series on names of the days of the week in ten traditional Nigerian languages.
Thanks for visiting pancocojams.
Visitor comments are welcome.
This is Part II of a two part pancocojams series on the names for the days of the week in ten traditional Nigerian languages.
Part II provides information about and lists of the days for the week in Igbo, Ijaw, Kanuri, Urhobo, and Yoruba languages.
Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2017/04/names-of-week-in-ten-traditional.html for Part I of this series. Part I provides information about and lists of the days of the week in Edo, Efik, Fulfulde (Fula), Hausa, and Ibibio languages.
For information and comparison's sake, the Arabic names for the days of the week are also given in Part I since Arabic greatly influenced the names of the days of the week in Fulfulde, Kanuri, Hausa, as well as Swahili and certain other traditional African languages.
This post features only a very small sample of the languages spoken in Nigeria as there are over 521 languages that have been spoken in that nation (nine of them are now extinct.) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Nigeria
Note that some of the languages featured in this series are spoken in other West African nations.
This pancocojams series is part of an ongoing series that provides information about and lists of day names in various African languages. Click the "African languages days of the week" tag to find other posts in this ongoing series.
The content of this post is presented for linguistic, cultural, and educational purposes.
All copyrights remain with their owners.
Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post.
****
NAMES FOR DAYS OF THE WEEK IN FIVE TRADITIONAL NIGERIAN LANGUAGES
(This list is given in alphabetical order.)
Igbo
Excerpt #1:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igbo_language
"Igbo is the principal native language of the Igbo people, an ethnic group of southeastern Nigeria. There are approximately 24 million speakers, who live mostly in Nigeria and are primarily of Igbo descent. Igbo is written in the Latin script, which was introduced by British colonialists. There are over 20 Igbo dialects. There is apparently a degree of dialect levelling occurring. A standard literary language was developed in 1972 based on the Owerri (Isuama) and Umuahia (such as Ohuhu) dialects, though it omits the nasalization and aspiration of those varieties. There are related Igboid languages such as Ika, Ikwerre and Ogba that are sometimes considered dialects of Igbo,[6] the most divergent being Ekpeye. Igbo is also a recognised minority language of Equatorial Guinea."
**
Excerpt #2:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igbo_calendar
"The Igbo calendar (Igbo: Ògụ́àfọ̀ Ị̀gbò is the traditional calendar system of the Igbo people which has 13 months in a year (afo), 7 weeks in a month (onwa), and 4 days in a week (izu) plus an extra day at the end of the year, in the last month. …
Many parts of this calendar are named for or dedicated to certain spirits (Igbo: Mmuo) and deities (Igbo: Alusi) in Igbo mythology. Some of the spirits and deities were believed to have given the Igbo people knowledge of time. The days, also known as market day, also correspond to the four cardinal points, north, south, east, west.
Market Days
Igbos generally have four market days, namely: eke, orie, afor and nkwo. The market days according to the Igbo calendar follow each other sequentially as shown below:
Eke
Orie
Afor
Nkwo
[...]
The names of the days have their roots in the mythology of the Kingdom of Nri. Eri, the sky-descended founder of the Nri kingdom, had gone on to break the mystery of time and on his journey he had saluted and counted the four days by the names of the spirits that governed them, hence the names of the spirits eke, orie, afọ and nkwọ became those of the days of the week. The days also correspond to the four cardinal points, Afọ corresponds to north, Nkwọ to south, Eke to east, and Orie to west.[5] These spirits, who were fishmongers, were sent down by Chukwu (Great God) in order to establish markets throughout Igboland which they did by selling fish.[4]
While there are four days, they come in alternate cycles of "major" and "minor", giving a longer eight day cycle.[6]"
****
Excerpt #3
From http://www.nairaland.com/1115190/days-week-nigerian-languages-meanings Re: The Days Of The Week In Nigerian Languages And Their Meanings.
[comment] by chijiblaze(m): On Sep 16, 2016
"There are eight (8 ) days in the Igbo week.
Ya bụ Ụbọchị asatọ bọrọ n'eluigwe
Eke Ukwu - Greater Eke
Orie (or oye or orye)
Afor
Nkwo
Eke Nta (or Lesser Eke)
Orie
Afor
Nkwo"
**
Excerpt #4:
From http://www.nairaland.com/1115190/days-week-nigerian-languages-meanings Re: The Days Of The Week In Nigerian Languages And Their Meanings
[comment by chijiblaze(m): On Jan 13 [2017]
"Ụbọchị Ụkà / Mbọsị Ụkà = Sunday
Osote Ụbọchị Ụkà / Osota Mbọsị Ụkà = Monday
....Tuesday....?
Ụbọchị Etiti Izu-Ụkà / Mbọsị Etiti / Etiti Izu = Wednesday.
Osote Ụbọchị Etiti / Osota Mbọsị Etiti = Thursday
.....Friday.......?
Ụbọchị Nzùrike / Mbọsị Ezùmike = Saturday.
****
Ijaw
Excerpt #1:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijaw_people
"Ijaw people (also known by the subgroups "Ijo" or "Izon") are a collection of peoples indigenous mostly to the regions of the Bayelsa, Edo, Delta, Ondo, Akwa Ibom and Rivers States within the Niger Delta in Nigeria. Many are found as migrant fishermen in camps as far west as Sierra Leone and as far east as Gabon along the Western Africa coastline and the Dakolo Family that migrated from Ghana notable from the family is Timi Dakolo.
The Ijo population is estimated to be over 15 million people....
Language
The Ijaw speak nine closely related Niger–Congo languages, all of which belong to the Ijoid branch of the Niger–Congo tree. The primary division between the Ijo languages is that between Eastern Ijo and Western Ijo, the most important of the former group of languages being Izon, which is spoken by about ten million people."...
**
Excerpt #2:
From http://www.nairaland.com/1115190/days-week-nigerian-languages-meanings Re: The Days Of The Week In Nigerian Languages And Their Meanings.
[comment] by AjiereTuwo: On Sep 24, 2016
"Days of the week in Ibani egere(ijaw)
Oru ene - Sunday
Oru ene obuu - Monday
Kala feni ibiene - Tuesday
Ogunu feni ibiene - Wednesday
Feni obuu ene - Thursday
Feni ibiene - Friday
Kala oru ene - Saturday"
****
Kanuri
Excerpt #1:
From http://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Kanuri.html
"Name Origin: Kanuri means 'person'.
Classification. Nilo-Saharan, Saharan. Other members of the Saharan branch are Tedaga, Dazaga and Zaghawa.
Overview. Kanuri is one of the three major languages of northern Nigeria (the other two are Hausa and Fula) and is also spoken in Chad and Niger. It is associated with the Karen-Bornu trading empire that ruled around Lake Chad from the 9th to 19th centuries. Kanuri served as a lingua franca of northern Nigeria but its role was reduced in favor of Hausa during colonial times. It is a tonal language with an agglutinating morphology and verb-final sentences.
Distribution. Kanuri is spoken west, north and east of Lake Chad: in northeastern Nigeria (state of Borno), eastern Niger, western Chad (states of Kanem, Lake and Chari-Baguirmi) and northern Cameroon. A substantial number of Kanuri expatriates live in Sudan....
Status. Kanuri is one of the national languages of Nigeria and Niger. A standard Kanuri orthography was formulated in Nigeria where the language is taught in schools and at the University of Maiduguri (capital of the state of Borno), being used in the media as well."
**
Excerpt #2:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuri_people
"The Kanuri people (Kanouri, Kanowri, also Yerwa and several subgroup names) are an African ethnic group living largely in the lands of the former Kanem and Bornu Empires in Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon. Those generally termed Kanuri include several subgroups and dialect groups, some of whom feel themselves distinct from the Kanuri. Most trace their origins to ruling lineages of the medieval Kanem-Bornu Empire, its client states or provinces. In contrast to neighboring Toubou or Zaghawa pastoralists, Kanuri groups have traditionally been sedentary, engaging in farming, fishing the Chad Basin, and engaged in trade and salt processing.[5]"...
**
Excerpt #3:
From http://www.masteranylanguage.com/c/r/en/Kanuri/DaysOfWeek/2 Kanuri Language (Kanuri) Days of the Week Level 2
"Litinin
Monday
tàláwù
Tuesday
láráwà
Wednesday
làmísù
Thursday
jəmmà
Friday
səbdù
Saturday
lâdù
Sunday
****
Urbobo
Excerpt #1:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urhobo_people
"The Urhobos are people of southern Nigeria, near the northwestern Niger delta. The Urhobo is the major ethnic group in Delta State. Delta State is one of the 36 states of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The Urhobos speak the Urhobo language. The Urhobo culture is related to several cultures in the Niger-Delta...
There are about two million Urhobos. The word Urhobo refer to a group of people and not the geographical territory. The Urhobos have social and cultural affinity to the Edo speaking people of Nigeria (Northcote Thomas, 1910).
[...]
Urhobo calendar[edit]
Urhobo Okpo (week) is made up of four days based on regulated market cycles, religious worship, marriages and other community life. The four days of the Urhobo week are Edewo, Ediruo, Eduhre, and Edebi. In Urhobo mythology, Edewo and Eduhre are sacred days to divinities, spirits, and ancestors. Most markets are held on these days. Ancestors are venerated on Edewo. Most traditional religious rituals are held on Eduhre."...
**
Excerpt #2:
https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=413853415302872&id=292790394075842
Urhobo People's Progress, May 25, 2012 ·
"Urhobo calendar
Urhobo Okpo (week) is made up of four days which regulates market cycles, religious worship, marriages and other community life. The four day's of the Urhobo week are:Edewo,Ediruo,Eduhre,Edebi. In Urhobo mythology, Edewo and Eduhre are sacred days to divinities, spirits and ancestors. Most market days are held on these days, ancestors are venerated on Edewo. Most traditional religious rituals are held on Eduhre."
****
Yoruba
Excerpt #1:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_people
"Yoruba people (Yoruba: Ìran Yorùbá, literally: Yoruba lineage, also known as Àwon omo Yorùbá, literally: Children of Yoruba, or simply as Yoruba) are an ethnic group of Southwestern and North Central Nigeria as well as Southern and Central Benin, together known as Yorubaland. The Yoruba constitute over 40 million people in total. The majority of this population is from Nigeria and make up 21% of its population, according to the CIA World Factbook,[1] making them one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa. The majority of the Yoruba speak the Yoruba language, which is tonal, and is the Niger-Congo language with the largest number of native speakers.[9]
...
Significant Yoruba populations in other West African countries can be found in Ghana,[10][11][12] Ivory Coast,[13] Liberia and Sierra Leone.[14]
The Yoruba diaspora consists of two main groupings; one of them includes relatively recent migrants, the majority of which moved to the United Kingdom and the United States after major economic and political changes in the 1960s to 1980s; the other is a much older population dating back to the Atlantic slave trade. This older group has communities in such countries as Cuba, Dominican Republic, Saint Lucia, Jamaica,[15] Brazil, Grenada,[16] Trinidad and Tobago,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23] among others"...
**
Excerpt #2:
From http://www.omniglot.com/writing/yoruba.htm
"Yoruba (èdè Yorùbá)
Yoruba is one of the four official languages of Nigeria and is a member of the Volta-Niger branch of the Niger-Congo family of languages. It is spoken by about 22 million people in southwest Nigeria, Benin, Togo, the UK, Brazil and the USA.
Yoruba first appeared in writing during the 19th century. The first Yoruba publications were a number of teaching booklets produced by John Raban in 1830-2. The person who made the biggest contribution to Yoruba literacy was Bishop Ajayi (Samual) Crowther (1806-1891), who studied many of the languages of Nigeria, including Yoruba, and wrote and translated in some of them. Crowther was also the first Christian bishop of West African origin. A Yoruba orthography appeared in about 1850, though it has undergone a number of changes since then.
[...]
Yoruba is a tonal language with three tones: high, mid and low. The high tone is indicated by an acute accent (á, é, ẹ́, í, ó, ọ́ and ú). The mid tone is not marked and the low tone is marked with a grave acute (à, è, ẹ̀, ì, ò, ọ̀ and ù)."...
**
Excerpt #3:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_calendar
"The traditional Yoruba week has four days. The four days that are dedicated to the Orisa go as follow:
Day 1 is dedicated to Obatala (Sopanna, Iyaami, and the Egungun)
Day 2 is dedicated to Orunmila (Esu, Ifá and Osun) *
Day 3 is dedicated to Ogun (Osoosi)
Day 4 is dedicated to Sango (Oya)
To reconcile with the Gregorian calendar, Yoruba people also measure time in seven days a week and four weeks a month. The four-day calendar was dedicated to the Orisas and the seven-day calendar is for doing business.
The seven days are: Ojo-Aiku (Sunday), Ojo-Aje (Monday), Ojo-Ishegun (Tuesday), Ojo-Riru (Wednesday), Ojo-Bo/Alamisi (Thursday), Ojo-Eti (Friday) and Ojo-Abameta (Saturday).
[...]
The traditional Yoruba calendar (Kojoda) has a 4-day week and 91 weeks in a year. The Yoruba year spans from 3 June of a Gregorian calendar year to 2 June of the following year. According to the calendar developed by Remi-Niyi Alaran[who?], the Gregorian year 2015 AD is the 10,057th year of Yoruba records of time.[2] With the British colonial and European cultural invasions, came the need to reconcile with the Gregorian calendar: Yoruba people also measure time in seven days a week and 52 weeks a year."
-snip-
The asterisk is given in this Wikipedia page, but doesn't appear to lead to any information. Click the pancocojams tag "Yoruba orishas" for posts about this subject.
****
This concludes Part II of this two part series on names of the days of the week in ten traditional Nigerian languages.
Thanks for visiting pancocojams.
Visitor comments are welcome.
Names For The Days Of The Week In Ten Traditional Nigerian Languages (Part I)
Edited by Azizi Powell
This is Part I of a two part pancocojams series on the names for the days of the week in ten traditional Nigerian languages.
Part I provides information about and lists of the days of the week in Edo, Efik, Fulfulde (Fula), Hausa, and Ibibio languages.
Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2017/04/names-of-days-of-week-in-ten.html for Part II of this series. Part II provides information about and lists of the days of the week in Igbo, Ijaw, Kanuri, Urhobo, and Yoruba languages.
For information and comparison's sake, the Arabic names for the days of the week are also given in Part I since Arabic greatly influenced the names for the days of the week in Fulfulde, Kanuri, Hausa, as well as Swahili and certain other traditional African languages.
This post features only a very small sample of the languages spoken in Nigeria as there are over 521 languages that have been spoken in that nation (nine of them are now extinct.) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Nigeria
Note that some of the languages featured in this series are spoken in other West African nations.
This pancocojams series is part of an ongoing series that provides information about and lists of day names in various African languages. Click the "African languages days of the week" tag to find other posts in this ongoing series.
The content of this post is presented for linguistic, cultural, and educational purposes.
All copyrights remain with their owners.
Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post.
****
NAMES FOR THE DAYS OF THE WEEK IN ARABIC
From https://wordadayarabic.com/2013/02/17/days-of-the-week/
..."The Arabic word for “day” is يَوم (yawm), and properly the name of each day is يَوم plus the word from the list below (as, in English, we append “day” onto other words to create the names of the days: “Sun” + “day” = “Sunday,” etc.). However, you will often see يَوم omitted and the days simply called by the names listed below:
Monday = الإثْنَين (al-ithnayn)
Tuesday = الثَلاثاء (al-thalāthāʾ)
Wednesday = الأربَعاء (al-arbaʿāʾ)
Thursday = الخَميس (al-khamīs)
Friday = الجُمُعة (al-jumuʿah)
Saturday = السَبْت (al-sabt)
Sunday = الأحَد (al-aḥad)
Other than Friday and Saturday, these names are derived from the cardinal numbers (maybe that should be our next lesson). So “Sunday” is literally “first day,” Monday “second day,” and so on.
“Week” is أسبوع (usbūʿ), from سَبَع (sabaʿ) or “seven,” and “days of the week” is أيام الأسبوع (ayām al-usbūʿ).
The makeup of the work week in the Arab world varies by country. Friday, you probably know, is the Islamic Sabbath. This is actually reflected in the word for “Friday,” which is derived from the verb جَمَعَ (jamaʿa), meaning “to collect,” which in other forms can mean “meeting” or “congregating,” and so the name of the day refers to the fact that Friday is the one day when Muslims are expected to attend a large congregational mosque for formal prayer services (Islam requires several daily prayers, but these can be done alone, in small or large groups, in small or large mosques or any other suitable location; the midday Friday prayer is the one obligatory weekly large group prayer in the mosque).
The traditional Islamic “weekend” was Thursday-Friday, mirroring our Saturday-Sunday, but globalization and the demands of interacting with non-Muslims for business have caused a number of countries to shift to a Friday-Saturday weekend, which means their work week and non-Muslims’ work week are only off by two days rather than four. Saudi Arabia, Oman, and the Yemen still practice the Thursday-Friday weekend according to the fine folks at Wikipedia, while Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, the Sudan, Syria, and the UAE use the Friday-Saturday weekend. Lebanon, Morocco, and Tunisia actually use a Saturday-Sunday weekend; this makes a certain amount of sense in the case of Lebanon, where Christians were in the majority at least until the mid-20th century, but I am at a loss as to why Morocco and Tunisia are on that schedule (or at least why they would be Saturday-Sunday while Algeria was Thursday-Friday until 2009, when it went to Friday-Saturday)."
****
This excerpt replaces a shorter one that I had initially quoted in this post and is reformatted for this post to enhance its readability.
Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2017/04/names-for-days-of-week-in-arabic-in.html for historical information about Islam in Africa.
****
NAMES FOR DAYS OF THE WEEK IN FIVE TRADITIONAL NIGERIAN LANGUAGES
(This list is given in alphabetical order.)
Edo
Excerpt #1:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_language
"Edo... Ẹ̀dó; also called Bini (Benin)) is a Volta–Niger language spoken primarily in Edo State, Nigeria."
**
Excerpt #2
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_people
The Edo or Bini (from the word 'Benin') people are an ethnic group primarily found in Edo State, and spread across the Delta, Ondo, and Rivers states of Nigeria. They speak the Edo language and are the descendants of the founders of the Benin Empire. They are closely related to other ethnic groups that speak Edoid languages, such as the Esan, the Afemai and the Owan.
The name "Benin" (and "Bini") is a Portuguese corruption, ultimately from the word "Ubinu", which came into use during the reign of Oba Ewuare the Great, c. 1440. "Ubinu" was used to describe the royal administrative centre or city or capital proper of the kingdom, Edo. 'Ubinu' was later corrupted to 'Bini' by the mixed ethnicities living together at the centre; and further corrupted to "Benin" around 1485 when the Portuguese began trade relations with Oba Ewuare."...
**
Excerpt #3
From http://www.edo-nation.net/numer.htm
EDO WEEKDAYS
Eken
Orie
Okuo (Ekenaka)
Aho
FOUR CARDINAL TOWN CHIEFS WHOSE CEREMONIAL DAYS FALL ON THE WEEK DAYS
Iyase
Esogban
Eson
Osuma
FOUR CARDINAL POINT DIRECTIONS REPRESENTED BY THE WEEK DAYS
East
West
North
South
MAJOR EDO MARKET DAYS COINCIDING WITH THE WEEK DAYS
Free day - for rest
Ekioba (Oba Market)
Okha and Igo
Agbado
****
Efix
Excerpt #1:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efik_people
"The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southeastern Nigeria, in the southern part of Cross River State. The Efik speak the Efik language which is a Benue–Congo language of the Cross River family. Efik oral histories tell of migration down the Cross River from Arochukwu to found numerous settlements in the Calabar and Creek Town area. Creek Town and its environs are often commonly referred to as Calabar, and its people as Calabar people, after the European name Calabar Kingdom given to the state [in present-day Cross River State. Calabar is not to be confused with the Kalabari Kingdom in Rivers State which is an Ijaw state to its west. Cross River State with Akwa Ibom State was formerly one of the original twelve states of Nigeria known as the Southeastern State.
The Efik people also occupy southwestern Cameroon including Bakassi,"
**
Excerpt #2
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efik_language
"Efik, wrongly referred to as Riverain Ibibio,[5] is the native language of the Efik people of Nigeria, where it is a national language. It is the official language of Cross River State in Nigeria.
The language can be understood by the Ibibio speaking people of Akwa Ibom state (a neighboring state to Cross River State) and both are often thought of as the same language by non-speakers. Together with the Anaang and Ukwa languages, they form the Ibibio-Efik languages, a major dialect cluster."..
****
Excerpt #3:
From http://efikeburutu.org/efik%20naming%20system.html
Efik Eburutu of Nigeria by Edidiana Edi Uforo
..."The Efik people of old had eight days in a week just like the Hebrews; one of the major Hebrew practices which the Scottish missionaries met in the mid-19th century Old Calabar. The days include
Akwa Ederi
Akwa Eyibio
Ekpri Ikwọ
Ekpri Ọfiọñ
Ekpri Ederi
Ekpri Eyibio
Akwa Ikwọ
Akwa Ọfiọñ
It has become increasingly difficult, if not out-rightly impossible, to run the eight-day-week intercalations of the Efik people in the Christian world of today from where the birth names were derived. The eight days in a week were intercalated such that what is Saturday this week becomes Sunday the next week as given for May, 1965. The corresponding names of children born on those days are also given but children born at night are compulsorily named Okon and Ñko for male and female respectively, without regard to the particular day."...
****
Excerpt #4
From http://www.nairaland.com/1115190/days-week-nigerian-languages-meanings Re: The Days Of The Week In Nigerian Languages And Their Meanings.
by odumchi: On Nov 28, 2012
"Efik market days
Ekwuru Efiong
Ekwuru Arar
Ekwuru Eyirio
Ekwuru Ekpem"
****
Fula (Fulfulde; Fulani)
Excerpt #1:
http://www.alsglobal.net/languages/fulani.php
"Fulani and the Countries that Speak it
The Fulani language is a language of West Africa, spoken by the Ful?e (Fulani or Fulani people) from Senegambia and Guinea to Cameroon and Sudan. It is also spoken as the first language by the Tukulor in the Senegal River Valley and as a second language by peoples in other areas. There are several names applied to the language, just as there are to the Fulani people. They call their language Pulaar or Pular in the western dialects and Fulfulde in the central and eastern dialects. Despite the wide variety of cultures in West Africa, from Nigeria through to Senegal, there are general similarities in dress, cuisine, music and culture that are not shared extensively with groups outside the geographic region. Islam is the predominant historical religion of the West African interior and the far west coast of the continent; Christianity is the predominant religion in coastal regions of Nigeria, Ghana, and Cote d'Ivoire; and elements of indigenous religions are practiced throughout.
****
Excerpt #2:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fula_people
The Fula people or Fulani or Fulɓe (Fula: Fulɓe; French: Peul; Hausa: Fulani or Hilani; Portuguese: Fula; Wolof: Pël; Bambara: Fulaw), numbering between 20 and 25 million people in total,[8] are one of the largest and a widely dispersed Muslim ethnic group in Sahel and West Africa.[9] The Fula people are traditionally believed to have roots in the people from North Africa and the Middle East, who later intermingled with local West African ethnic groups. As an ethnic group they are bound together by the Fula language (Fulfulde), culture, history, their religious affiliation[10] and their efforts to spread Islam in Sahel region and the West Africa.[9][11][12]
****
Excerpt #3
Excerpt from Google books A First Grammar of the Adamawa Dialect of the Fulani Language (Fulfulde)
By Frank William Taylor [page 93, written in this pancocojams post without accent marks]
"Days Of The Week Balde asawere
They are modifications of the Arabic.
Alad, Sunday
Altine, Monday
Salasa, Tuesday
Alarba Wednesday
Alhamisa, Thursday
Jum' are, Friday
and Asawe, Saturday
****
Hausa
Excerpt #1:
"The Hausa (autonyms for singular: Bahaushe (m), Bahaushiya (f); plural Hausawa and general: Hausa/Haoussa; exonyms being Ausa, Mgbakpa, Kado, Al-Takari, Fellata and Abakwariga) are one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa. The Hausa are a diverse but culturally homogeneous people based primarily in the Sahelian and Sudanian Daura area of northern Nigeria and southeastern Niger, with significant numbers also living in parts of Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Chad, Togo, Ghana,[1] Sudan, Gabon and Senegal...
Language
The Hausa language has more first-language speakers than any other language in Sub-Saharan Africa. It has an estimated 25 million first-language speakers, and close to 50 million second-language speakers.[46]
The main Hausa-speaking area is northern Nigeria and Niger. Hausa is also widely spoken in northern Cameroon, Chad, Sudanese Hausa in Sudan and the Ivory Coast among Fulani, Tuareg, Kanuri, Gur, Shuwa Arab and other Afro-Asiatic speaking groups.
The study of Hausa provides an informative entry into the culture of Islamic West Africa. Throughout West Africa, there is a strong connection between Hausa and Islam."...
**
Excerpt #2:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language
"Hausa (Yaren Hausa or Harshen Hausa) is the Chadic language (a branch of the Afroasiatic language family) with the largest number of speakers, spoken as a first language by about 35 million people, and as a second language by millions more in Nigeria, and millions more in other countries, for a total of at least 41 million speakers.[4] Originally the language of the Hausa people stretching across southern Niger and northern Nigeria, it has developed into a lingua franca across much of western Africa for purposes of trade. In the 20th and 21st centuries, it has become more commonly published in print and online."...
****
Excerpt #3
http://www.teachyourselfhausa.com/day-month-year.php
Days of the Week - Kwanakin Mako
[English - Hausa]
Monday - Litini
Tuesday - Talata
Wednesday - Laraba
Thursday - Alhamis
Friday - Jumma'a
Saturday - Asabar
Sunday - Lahadi
****
Ibibio
Excerpt #1:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibibio_people
"The Ibibio people are from southeast Nigeria. They are related to the Anaang and Efik peoples. During colonial period in Nigeria, the Ibibio Union asked for recognition by the British as a sovereign nation (Noah, 1988). The Annang, Efik, Ekid, Oron and Ibeno share personal names, culture, and traditions with the Ibibio, and speak closely related varieties of Ibibio-Efik which are more or less mutually intelligble.[2]"
**
Excerpt #2:
From https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/36831
New insights into oral literature: The days of the week in a folktale: Crisis in the calender of the Ibibio of Nigeria
"The Ibibio are an ethnic group in the South-East of Nigeria with a culture that is very ancient. The Ibibio weeks, one of seven days and another comprising eight days, regulate the life, the economy and the traditions of the people. "...
**
Excerpt #3:
from Google book Children's Missionary Magazine of the United Presbyterian Church [February 1, 1883; page 20]
"Four Days Of The Week
Now Ibibio and Efik, instead of having seven days of the week, have only four. Ederi, Ibibio, Iquo, and Fion are the four days. Ederi is the first day of the week and corresponds with Sunday. It is a day on which people cease from farm work and meet at one place from all sides for the exchange of produce from the country. ...Ederi is a market day."...
****
This concludes Part I of this series on Names Nigerian
Thanks for visiting pancocojams.
Visitor comments are welcome.
This is Part I of a two part pancocojams series on the names for the days of the week in ten traditional Nigerian languages.
Part I provides information about and lists of the days of the week in Edo, Efik, Fulfulde (Fula), Hausa, and Ibibio languages.
Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2017/04/names-of-days-of-week-in-ten.html for Part II of this series. Part II provides information about and lists of the days of the week in Igbo, Ijaw, Kanuri, Urhobo, and Yoruba languages.
For information and comparison's sake, the Arabic names for the days of the week are also given in Part I since Arabic greatly influenced the names for the days of the week in Fulfulde, Kanuri, Hausa, as well as Swahili and certain other traditional African languages.
This post features only a very small sample of the languages spoken in Nigeria as there are over 521 languages that have been spoken in that nation (nine of them are now extinct.) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Nigeria
Note that some of the languages featured in this series are spoken in other West African nations.
This pancocojams series is part of an ongoing series that provides information about and lists of day names in various African languages. Click the "African languages days of the week" tag to find other posts in this ongoing series.
The content of this post is presented for linguistic, cultural, and educational purposes.
All copyrights remain with their owners.
Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post.
****
NAMES FOR THE DAYS OF THE WEEK IN ARABIC
From https://wordadayarabic.com/2013/02/17/days-of-the-week/
..."The Arabic word for “day” is يَوم (yawm), and properly the name of each day is يَوم plus the word from the list below (as, in English, we append “day” onto other words to create the names of the days: “Sun” + “day” = “Sunday,” etc.). However, you will often see يَوم omitted and the days simply called by the names listed below:
Monday = الإثْنَين (al-ithnayn)
Tuesday = الثَلاثاء (al-thalāthāʾ)
Wednesday = الأربَعاء (al-arbaʿāʾ)
Thursday = الخَميس (al-khamīs)
Friday = الجُمُعة (al-jumuʿah)
Saturday = السَبْت (al-sabt)
Sunday = الأحَد (al-aḥad)
Other than Friday and Saturday, these names are derived from the cardinal numbers (maybe that should be our next lesson). So “Sunday” is literally “first day,” Monday “second day,” and so on.
“Week” is أسبوع (usbūʿ), from سَبَع (sabaʿ) or “seven,” and “days of the week” is أيام الأسبوع (ayām al-usbūʿ).
The makeup of the work week in the Arab world varies by country. Friday, you probably know, is the Islamic Sabbath. This is actually reflected in the word for “Friday,” which is derived from the verb جَمَعَ (jamaʿa), meaning “to collect,” which in other forms can mean “meeting” or “congregating,” and so the name of the day refers to the fact that Friday is the one day when Muslims are expected to attend a large congregational mosque for formal prayer services (Islam requires several daily prayers, but these can be done alone, in small or large groups, in small or large mosques or any other suitable location; the midday Friday prayer is the one obligatory weekly large group prayer in the mosque).
The traditional Islamic “weekend” was Thursday-Friday, mirroring our Saturday-Sunday, but globalization and the demands of interacting with non-Muslims for business have caused a number of countries to shift to a Friday-Saturday weekend, which means their work week and non-Muslims’ work week are only off by two days rather than four. Saudi Arabia, Oman, and the Yemen still practice the Thursday-Friday weekend according to the fine folks at Wikipedia, while Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, the Sudan, Syria, and the UAE use the Friday-Saturday weekend. Lebanon, Morocco, and Tunisia actually use a Saturday-Sunday weekend; this makes a certain amount of sense in the case of Lebanon, where Christians were in the majority at least until the mid-20th century, but I am at a loss as to why Morocco and Tunisia are on that schedule (or at least why they would be Saturday-Sunday while Algeria was Thursday-Friday until 2009, when it went to Friday-Saturday)."
****
This excerpt replaces a shorter one that I had initially quoted in this post and is reformatted for this post to enhance its readability.
Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2017/04/names-for-days-of-week-in-arabic-in.html for historical information about Islam in Africa.
****
NAMES FOR DAYS OF THE WEEK IN FIVE TRADITIONAL NIGERIAN LANGUAGES
(This list is given in alphabetical order.)
Edo
Excerpt #1:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_language
"Edo... Ẹ̀dó; also called Bini (Benin)) is a Volta–Niger language spoken primarily in Edo State, Nigeria."
**
Excerpt #2
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_people
The Edo or Bini (from the word 'Benin') people are an ethnic group primarily found in Edo State, and spread across the Delta, Ondo, and Rivers states of Nigeria. They speak the Edo language and are the descendants of the founders of the Benin Empire. They are closely related to other ethnic groups that speak Edoid languages, such as the Esan, the Afemai and the Owan.
The name "Benin" (and "Bini") is a Portuguese corruption, ultimately from the word "Ubinu", which came into use during the reign of Oba Ewuare the Great, c. 1440. "Ubinu" was used to describe the royal administrative centre or city or capital proper of the kingdom, Edo. 'Ubinu' was later corrupted to 'Bini' by the mixed ethnicities living together at the centre; and further corrupted to "Benin" around 1485 when the Portuguese began trade relations with Oba Ewuare."...
**
Excerpt #3
From http://www.edo-nation.net/numer.htm
EDO WEEKDAYS
Eken
Orie
Okuo (Ekenaka)
Aho
FOUR CARDINAL TOWN CHIEFS WHOSE CEREMONIAL DAYS FALL ON THE WEEK DAYS
Iyase
Esogban
Eson
Osuma
FOUR CARDINAL POINT DIRECTIONS REPRESENTED BY THE WEEK DAYS
East
West
North
South
MAJOR EDO MARKET DAYS COINCIDING WITH THE WEEK DAYS
Free day - for rest
Ekioba (Oba Market)
Okha and Igo
Agbado
****
Efix
Excerpt #1:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efik_people
"The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southeastern Nigeria, in the southern part of Cross River State. The Efik speak the Efik language which is a Benue–Congo language of the Cross River family. Efik oral histories tell of migration down the Cross River from Arochukwu to found numerous settlements in the Calabar and Creek Town area. Creek Town and its environs are often commonly referred to as Calabar, and its people as Calabar people, after the European name Calabar Kingdom given to the state [in present-day Cross River State. Calabar is not to be confused with the Kalabari Kingdom in Rivers State which is an Ijaw state to its west. Cross River State with Akwa Ibom State was formerly one of the original twelve states of Nigeria known as the Southeastern State.
The Efik people also occupy southwestern Cameroon including Bakassi,"
**
Excerpt #2
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efik_language
"Efik, wrongly referred to as Riverain Ibibio,[5] is the native language of the Efik people of Nigeria, where it is a national language. It is the official language of Cross River State in Nigeria.
The language can be understood by the Ibibio speaking people of Akwa Ibom state (a neighboring state to Cross River State) and both are often thought of as the same language by non-speakers. Together with the Anaang and Ukwa languages, they form the Ibibio-Efik languages, a major dialect cluster."..
****
Excerpt #3:
From http://efikeburutu.org/efik%20naming%20system.html
Efik Eburutu of Nigeria by Edidiana Edi Uforo
..."The Efik people of old had eight days in a week just like the Hebrews; one of the major Hebrew practices which the Scottish missionaries met in the mid-19th century Old Calabar. The days include
Akwa Ederi
Akwa Eyibio
Ekpri Ikwọ
Ekpri Ọfiọñ
Ekpri Ederi
Ekpri Eyibio
Akwa Ikwọ
Akwa Ọfiọñ
It has become increasingly difficult, if not out-rightly impossible, to run the eight-day-week intercalations of the Efik people in the Christian world of today from where the birth names were derived. The eight days in a week were intercalated such that what is Saturday this week becomes Sunday the next week as given for May, 1965. The corresponding names of children born on those days are also given but children born at night are compulsorily named Okon and Ñko for male and female respectively, without regard to the particular day."...
****
Excerpt #4
From http://www.nairaland.com/1115190/days-week-nigerian-languages-meanings Re: The Days Of The Week In Nigerian Languages And Their Meanings.
by odumchi: On Nov 28, 2012
"Efik market days
Ekwuru Efiong
Ekwuru Arar
Ekwuru Eyirio
Ekwuru Ekpem"
****
Fula (Fulfulde; Fulani)
Excerpt #1:
http://www.alsglobal.net/languages/fulani.php
"Fulani and the Countries that Speak it
The Fulani language is a language of West Africa, spoken by the Ful?e (Fulani or Fulani people) from Senegambia and Guinea to Cameroon and Sudan. It is also spoken as the first language by the Tukulor in the Senegal River Valley and as a second language by peoples in other areas. There are several names applied to the language, just as there are to the Fulani people. They call their language Pulaar or Pular in the western dialects and Fulfulde in the central and eastern dialects. Despite the wide variety of cultures in West Africa, from Nigeria through to Senegal, there are general similarities in dress, cuisine, music and culture that are not shared extensively with groups outside the geographic region. Islam is the predominant historical religion of the West African interior and the far west coast of the continent; Christianity is the predominant religion in coastal regions of Nigeria, Ghana, and Cote d'Ivoire; and elements of indigenous religions are practiced throughout.
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Excerpt #2:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fula_people
The Fula people or Fulani or Fulɓe (Fula: Fulɓe; French: Peul; Hausa: Fulani or Hilani; Portuguese: Fula; Wolof: Pël; Bambara: Fulaw), numbering between 20 and 25 million people in total,[8] are one of the largest and a widely dispersed Muslim ethnic group in Sahel and West Africa.[9] The Fula people are traditionally believed to have roots in the people from North Africa and the Middle East, who later intermingled with local West African ethnic groups. As an ethnic group they are bound together by the Fula language (Fulfulde), culture, history, their religious affiliation[10] and their efforts to spread Islam in Sahel region and the West Africa.[9][11][12]
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Excerpt #3
Excerpt from Google books A First Grammar of the Adamawa Dialect of the Fulani Language (Fulfulde)
By Frank William Taylor [page 93, written in this pancocojams post without accent marks]
"Days Of The Week Balde asawere
They are modifications of the Arabic.
Alad, Sunday
Altine, Monday
Salasa, Tuesday
Alarba Wednesday
Alhamisa, Thursday
Jum' are, Friday
and Asawe, Saturday
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Hausa
Excerpt #1:
"The Hausa (autonyms for singular: Bahaushe (m), Bahaushiya (f); plural Hausawa and general: Hausa/Haoussa; exonyms being Ausa, Mgbakpa, Kado, Al-Takari, Fellata and Abakwariga) are one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa. The Hausa are a diverse but culturally homogeneous people based primarily in the Sahelian and Sudanian Daura area of northern Nigeria and southeastern Niger, with significant numbers also living in parts of Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Chad, Togo, Ghana,[1] Sudan, Gabon and Senegal...
Language
The Hausa language has more first-language speakers than any other language in Sub-Saharan Africa. It has an estimated 25 million first-language speakers, and close to 50 million second-language speakers.[46]
The main Hausa-speaking area is northern Nigeria and Niger. Hausa is also widely spoken in northern Cameroon, Chad, Sudanese Hausa in Sudan and the Ivory Coast among Fulani, Tuareg, Kanuri, Gur, Shuwa Arab and other Afro-Asiatic speaking groups.
The study of Hausa provides an informative entry into the culture of Islamic West Africa. Throughout West Africa, there is a strong connection between Hausa and Islam."...
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Excerpt #2:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language
"Hausa (Yaren Hausa or Harshen Hausa) is the Chadic language (a branch of the Afroasiatic language family) with the largest number of speakers, spoken as a first language by about 35 million people, and as a second language by millions more in Nigeria, and millions more in other countries, for a total of at least 41 million speakers.[4] Originally the language of the Hausa people stretching across southern Niger and northern Nigeria, it has developed into a lingua franca across much of western Africa for purposes of trade. In the 20th and 21st centuries, it has become more commonly published in print and online."...
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Excerpt #3
http://www.teachyourselfhausa.com/day-month-year.php
Days of the Week - Kwanakin Mako
[English - Hausa]
Monday - Litini
Tuesday - Talata
Wednesday - Laraba
Thursday - Alhamis
Friday - Jumma'a
Saturday - Asabar
Sunday - Lahadi
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Ibibio
Excerpt #1:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibibio_people
"The Ibibio people are from southeast Nigeria. They are related to the Anaang and Efik peoples. During colonial period in Nigeria, the Ibibio Union asked for recognition by the British as a sovereign nation (Noah, 1988). The Annang, Efik, Ekid, Oron and Ibeno share personal names, culture, and traditions with the Ibibio, and speak closely related varieties of Ibibio-Efik which are more or less mutually intelligble.[2]"
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Excerpt #2:
From https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lwati/article/view/36831
New insights into oral literature: The days of the week in a folktale: Crisis in the calender of the Ibibio of Nigeria
"The Ibibio are an ethnic group in the South-East of Nigeria with a culture that is very ancient. The Ibibio weeks, one of seven days and another comprising eight days, regulate the life, the economy and the traditions of the people. "...
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Excerpt #3:
from Google book Children's Missionary Magazine of the United Presbyterian Church [February 1, 1883; page 20]
"Four Days Of The Week
Now Ibibio and Efik, instead of having seven days of the week, have only four. Ederi, Ibibio, Iquo, and Fion are the four days. Ederi is the first day of the week and corresponds with Sunday. It is a day on which people cease from farm work and meet at one place from all sides for the exchange of produce from the country. ...Ederi is a market day."...
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This concludes Part I of this series on Names Nigerian
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