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Friday, December 12, 2025

Hyperlinks To Pancocojams Posts About Christmas, Kwanzaa, Or Junkanoo (2012-2025)


Compiled by Azizi Powell, Pancocojams Editor

This pancocojams post provides links to posts that were published on this blog from 2012-2025 about the holidays of Christmas, Kwanzaa, and Junkanoo. One of the posts about Christmas also includes information about the antebellum African American custom of "kunering". 

Publishing these links in one post makes it easier for me- and hopefully you - to enjoy these posts again. Publishing these links also provide opportunities for you to check out some posts that you might have missed.
-snip-
This is an update of a pancocojams post that was published in 2020. That post doesn't have any comments as of December 12, 2025

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PANCOCOJAMS LINKS ABOUT CHRISTMAS

African American Christmas Songs About Naming Jesus (videos & lyrics)

http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2012/12/black-christmas-songs-about-naming.html

Dec. 20, 2012

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Ma Ma, Bake That Johnny Cake, Christmas Comin’ (examples & lyrics)

http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2013/12/mama-bake-that-johnny-cake-christmas.html

Dec. 20, 2013

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How Black Americans Celebrated Christmas In The Antebellum South

http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2016/12/how-black-americans-celebrated.html

December 21, 2016
-snip-
This post also includes information about the antebellum custom of "kunering" which is related to Caribbean Jonkanoo customs.

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Singing Extra Lyrics For "Rudolph The Red Nose Reindeer

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2017/12/documenting-when-people-sung-extra.html

Dec. 20, 2017

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Examples Of The "Batman's In The Kitchen" Verse In "Jingle Bells Batman Smells" Rhymes

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2018/12/examples-of-questions-about-batmans-in.html

Dec. 1, 2018

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Non-Racist Examples Of The Children's Parody Song "Jingle Bells Shotgun Shells"

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2018/12/non-racist-examples-of-childrens-parody.html

Dec. 5, 2018

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Racist Examples Of The Children's Parody Song "Jingle Bells Shotgun Shells"

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2018/12/racist-examples-of-childrens-parody.html

Dec. 5, 2018

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Mavis Staples - Christmas Vacation (from the movie "National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation")

http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2018/12/mavis-staples-christmas-vacation-from.html

December 8, 2018

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Christmas Traditions In Ethiopia & Four Videos Of Christmas In Ethiopia

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2018/12/christmas-traditions-in-ethiopia-four.html

Dec. 18. 2018

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Two Article Reprints About Some Ways That Enslaved Black People Experienced The Christmas Holidays In The United States South

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2019/12/two-article-excerpts-how-enslaved-black.html

December 11, 2019

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Starrkeisha's Christmas Carols" Videos 2016, 2017, & 2018 (with information about Cameron J. Henderson's Starrkeisha character)

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2019/12/starrkeishas-christmas-carols-videos.html

December 14, 2019

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Starrkeisha's Christmas Carols, 2019 (Video & Selected Comments)

http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2019/12/starrkeishas-christmas-carols-2019.html

December 19, 2019

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Sizalelwe Indodana - A South African Christmas Song (with lyrics and links to additional examples)

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2020/12/sizalelwe-indodana-south-african.html

Dec. 9, 2020

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Donny Hathaway - This Christmas (Official Audio) And Chris Brown - This Christmas (video) with information & lyrics

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2020/12/donny-hathaway-this-christmas-official.html

Dec. 9, 2020

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"While Shepherds Watched Their Flocks"/"Sweet Chiming Christmas Bells" (YouTube Examples, Information, Lyrics, & Comments)

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2020/12/examples-of-lyrics-for-christmas-carol.html

December 19, 2020

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Daystar's The Healing Streams of God Choir - "E Lu Agogo" (Nigerian Choir Singing "Ring Bells" & Two Other Christmas Songs)

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2020/12/daystars-healing-streams-of-god-choir-e_51.html

Dec. 19, 2020

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Leslie Odom Jr. featuring Mzansi Youth Choir -" Little Drummer Boy" (video, information, & comments)

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2020/12/leslie-odom-jr-featuring-mzansi-youth.html

Dec. 20, 2020

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Ntokozo Mbambo - Yi Naye (A Ghanaian Worship Song Sung By A South African Gospel Singer During A Christmas Program)

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2020/12/ntokozo-mbambo-yi-naye-ghanaian-worship.html

Dec. 22, 2020

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More Examples Of "Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer" (with extra lyrics)

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2021/12/more-examples-of-rudolph-red-nosed.html

December 14, 2021

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Even More Examples Of The Song "Rudolph The Red Nose Reindeer" Song With Added Lyrics

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2024/12/even-more-examples-of-song-rudolph-red.html

December 24, 2024

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Two YouTube Videos Of The Children's Parody "Jingle Bells Batman Smells" (with lyrics & comments)

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2025/12/two-youtube-videos-of-childrens-parody.html

December 12, 2025

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PANCOCOJAMS LINKS ABOUT KWANZAA

Teddy Pendergrass - Happy Kwanzaa (video & lyrics)

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2012/12/teddy-pendergrass-happy-kwanzaa-video.html

December 22, 2012

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Why Swahili Terms Are Used For The African American Originated Holiday "Kwanzaa"

 https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2015/12/why-swahili-terms-are-used-for-african.html

 originally published on December 26, 2015; re-posted on December 17, 2018

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Sesame Street's Elmo Performing A Kwanzaa Dance Featuring A Musical Bow Instrument"

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2016/12/sesame-streets-elmo-performing-kwanzaa.html

December 17, 2016

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Kwanzaa Children's Song "O Kwanzaa" (information, lyrics, videos, & instrumental song file)

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2017/12/kwanzaa-childrens-song-o-kwanzaa.html

December 17, 2017

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Excerpts From & Comments About The 2012 Washington Post Article "Confessions of a Kwanzaa drop-out: Why I don’t celebrate the holiday"

http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2017/12/excerpts-from-comments-about-2012.html

December 18, 2017

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Videos Of Kwanzaa Celebrations In The United States & In Canada

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2017/12/videos-of-kwanzaa-celebrations-in.html

December 18, 2017

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1998 Chicago Tribune Reprint: "Kwanzaa: It's Not About Christmas" (with Pancocojams editor's response to that article)

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2018/12/1998-chicago-tribune-reprint-kwanzaa.html

December 9, 2018

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Videos Of Two Kwanzaa Songs & A Hyperlinked List Of Pancocojams Posts About Kwanzaa

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2019/12/videos-of-two-kwanzaa-songs-hyperlinked.html

December 26, 2019

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PANCOCOJAMS LINKS ABOUT JUNKANOO

Jonkanoo, Gombey, New Orleans Indians, & The Philadelphia Mummers Costume Traditions (videos)

http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2012/02/jonkanoo-gombey-new-orleans-indians.html

February 18, 2012

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A Traditional Caribbean Jonkonoo Song & Three Contemporary Jonkanoo Videos From The Bahama

http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2013/12/a-traditional-caribbean-jonkunnu-song.html

December 20, 2013

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Kunering (John Canoe) Traditions Among Enslaved Black People In North Carolina & Information About Jonkanoo In The Bahamas

https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2019/12/kunering-john-canoe-traditions-among.html

December 11, 2019

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Visitor comments are welcome. 

Two YouTube Videos Of The Children's Parody "Jingle Bells Batman Smells" (with lyrics & comments)


Dar Golan, Oct 7, 2025  #ChristmasSong #JingleBellsBatmanSmells #ChristmasParody

The official full version of the classic parody — “Jingle Bells, Batman Smells!”

 Featuring your favorite heroes and villains — Batman, Robin, Spider-Man, Iron Man, The Joker, Loki, and even Bandit from Bluey — all joining the Christmas chaos!

This is the complete version of the song everyone’s been singing for decades in schoolyards and playgrounds.

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Edited by Azizi Powell

This pancocojams post showcases two YouTube video of the children's parody "Jingle Bells. Batman Smells". 

This post includes lyrics for these versions of this parody as well as selected comments from YouTube video #2.

The content of this post is presented for folkloric, socio-cultural, and entertainment purposes only.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to all those who are featured in this post and thanks to all those who are quoted in this post.

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PANCOCOJAMS EDITOR'S NOTE
This post departs from the usual mission of this blog which is to showcase African American culture and the cultures of other people of Black cultures around the world.

I've published this post to document children's creativity and share examples of children's parodies.

These versions are given in no particular order and are numbered for referencing purposes only.

If you know other lyrics for this song, please share them in the comment section below. Thanks!

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LYRICS FOR JINGLE BELLS BATMAN SMELLS -YOUTUBE VIDEO #1
From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=baV4z9ynYgA&list=RDbaV4z9ynYgA&start_radio=1

(Verse 1)

Dashing through the snow

On a pair of broken skis

Over fields we go

Crashing into trees!

 

Snow gets in my eye

I think I’m gonna cry

I woke up in the old Batcave

With Batman standing by

 

(Chorus)

Jingle bells, Batman smells,

Robin laid an egg,

The Batmobile lost a wheel,

And Joker got away!

 

Jingle bells, Batman smells,

Robin laid an egg,

The Batmobile lost a wheel,

And Joker got away!

 

(Verse 2)

The Joker got away,

But couldn’t get too far,

He didn’t see the webs

And now he’s seeing stars!

 

Spider-Man is cool

He goes to my school

Iron Man is super rich

And Loki is a fool!

 

(Chorus)

Jingle bells, Batman smells,

Robin laid an egg,

The Batmobile lost a wheel,

And Joker got away!

 

Jingle bells, Batman smells,

Robin laid an egg,

The Batmobile lost a wheel,

And Joker got away!

 

(Verse 3)

Batman has to poop,

That’s why he smells so bad,

The only thing that's worse,

Is the bathroom of my dad!

 

I’ll write Santa my name,

He’ll bring a video game,

I want Minecraft or Fortnite,

Or bring me both of them!

 

(Chorus)

Jingle bells, Batman smells,

Robin laid an egg,

The Batmobile lost a wheel,

And Joker got away!

 

Jingle bells, Batman smells,

Robin laid an egg,

The Batmobile lost a wheel,

And Joker got away!

 

© Lyrics & Production by Dar Golan

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YOUTUBE VIDEO #2-Jingle Bells, Batman Smells - Complete Version With All Four Verses - Funny Christmas Song Parody

AltoonaYourPiano, Dec 19, 2022

How many of you sang this on the bus or on long car rides many years ago? I know I sure did, but I remember there were so many different versions. And I thought, what if we make them all into a complete song? And so, here it is! I know I'm not much of a singer, what singing voice I used to have long has deteriorated due to health issues that have plagued me over the past 20 years but I hope it's serviceable. I arranged them by age, first verse and chorus are oldest. Here's the lyrics.

(Verse 1)

Dashing through the snow,

On a pair of broken skis,

O'er the hills I go,

Crashing into trees!

The snow is turning red,

I think I might be dead,

I woke up in a hospital

With stitches in my head!

 

(Chorus 1)

Jingle bells, Batman smells, Robin laid an egg!

Oh, what fun it is to ride in a beat-up Chevrolet! (x2)

 

(Verse 2)

Batman's in the kitchen,

Robin's in the hall,

Joker's in the bathroom

Peeing on the wall.

Penguin's in the freezer,

Alfred's in the study,

Two-face is in the living room,

I think that's everybody!

 

(Chorus 2)

Jingle bells, Batman smells, Robin laid an egg!

The Batmobile lost a wheel and the Joker got away, hey! (2x)

 

(Verse 3)

Batman's in the kitchen,

Robin's in the hall,

Joker's in the bathroom

Peeing on the wall.

Penguin's on the potty,

His arms too short to wipe.

Catwoman's in the litterbox,

While the Riddler smokes a pipe!

 

(Chorus 3)

Jingle bells, Batman smells, Robin ran away!

He lost pants down in France and found them in Bombay!

Jingle bells, Batman smells, Robin flew away!

Santa Claus lost his drawers on the M6 Motorway!

 

(Verse 4)

Crashing through the roof,

On a one-horse open tree!

Busting out I go, laughing all the way!

 

(Instrumental interlude)

 

(Chorus 4)

Jingle bells, Batman smells, Robin laid an egg!

He blows his nose on cheerios and eats them everyday!

Jingle bells, Batman smells, Robin flew away!

Landed on a football field but did not know how to play!

Notes:

1. The first verse sometimes accompanies another Jingle Bells parody that has nothing to do with Batman, hence why it's so different.

2. The second chorus can also end in "and the Joker took ballet" or "the Joker saved the day".

3. "Bombay" is an old name for Mumbai, a city in India.

4. The M6 Motorway is located in England, meaning this verse originated in the UK

5. The fourth verse is the only one to appear in official Batman media.

6.. "Football field" can also be "football pitch".

Merry Christmas to all of my friends and I hope you like this fun parody!

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SELECTED COMMENTS FROM THE DISCUSSION THREAD FOR YOUTUBE VIDEO #2
Numbers are added for referencing purposes only.

From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKrsgDf_gFc&list=RDZKrsgDf_gFc&start_radio=1

1.@prd.christmas4703, 2023
"Thanks for sharing this fun version of this classic song"

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Reply
2. @AltoonaYourPiano, 2023
"Glad you like it! Fun how many different versions there were. I compiled them in order from oldest (late 60s that my older siblings taught me that they sang as kids) to newest (90s version that my nephews and nieces taught me, the cheerios one, and the one from the cartoon, to in between (the 70s and 80s "Batmobile lost a wheel" and "Batman in the kitchen" one I grew up with). Thanks so much for listening and merry Christmas! πŸŽ„πŸŽ…"

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3. @tommcdonald4014, 2023
"I somehow missed that this is a whole song! Do you know when it was written? I don't remember this from my youth in the 50s."

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Reply
4. @AltoonaYourPiano, 2023
"How I did this was I combined the different versions everyone knew into a single song, it was fun to record this. I think it was written in the 60s after the Batman TV show became popular since I know my parents told me they didn't have this as kids, but my brothers and sisters did in the 60s and 70s. Anyways thanks for listening! πŸŽ„"

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Reply
5. @tommcdonald4014, 2023
"@AltoonaYourPiano  Thinking about it more, I do remember another version. I recall it as, "Jingle bells, shotgun shells, BBs all the way; Oh, what fun it is to ride in the big old Chevrolet!" This was from the 50s or early 60s, and may have been local to me in Wisconsin."

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6. 
@cherylatkinson6060, 2023
"Your Christmas song parody is a lot of fun to hear. We used to say riding in grandmas Chevrolet, I didn't know all the verses."

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7. @LogoFreak93, 2023
"Oh! This is so funny! I appreciate the nostalgia and humor. I only heard the second chorus and part of the second and third verses (only the part up to The Joker). I don't know where you found those other verses and choruses but I'm glad you did. Now, I'm going to annoy my family by singing the full version. Thanks for making this woman's Christmas merrier. πŸŽ„πŸŽ…☃🎁"

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8. @ErikaBell_Z, 2023
"Oh wow, this sure brings back memories! ^_^ Me and my friends used to sing this all the time in the bus, on the playground, on car rides, you name it! I even remember teaching this to my little bro. I only knew the "Batmobile lost a wheel" verse and the first half of "Batman's in the kitchen" up to the part about the Joker, we just repeated those four lines. I didn't know there were all these other verses, my favorite is the one with the broken skis. I've got something new to sing now, dude. Thank you so much for the memories! I hope you had an awesome Christmas!"

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9. 
@KissyfaceJenkins, 2023
"Oh! This is hilarious! πŸ˜† I heard a few of those here in America and a few of them back home in Ireland. I do believe some of those verses are exclusive to the UK and Ireland and the others are exclusive to the US. Either way, this was a gas, and I absolutely adored this awesome parody. Nice to hear you sing! I like your voice. Happy Christmas, Altoona! πŸŽ„πŸŽ…πŸŒŸπŸŽπŸŽ€☃"

**
10. 
@Melelesh, 2025
"At home we are making our own verses"

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Visitor comments are welcome.

Thursday, December 11, 2025

Examples Of Audience Etiquette & Audience Participation At Black American Non-Religious Performances


 

@Artbyartists1, January 26, 2023

This Girl Killed this Beat ( LOJAY X SARZ - MONALISA ) Red Bull Dance Your Style World Finals 2022
-snip-
"AI Overview

The Red Bull Dance Your Style World Finals for 2025 were held in Los Angeles, California at the Intuit Dome with Dutch dancer JaΓ―ra Joy taking the title in an electrifying all-female final. The event showcased freestyle dancers from around the world, with the crowd deciding the winners
-snip-
I'm not sure whether the dancer in this video is the winner Jaira Joy.

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Edited by Azizi Powell

This pancocojams post showcases five YouTube videos that focus on audience reactions at Black American non-religious performances.

The content of this post is presented for historical, socio-cultural, and aesthetic purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to all those who are featured in these videos and thanks to the publishers of these videos on YouTube. 
-snip-
Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2025/12/the-differences-between-black-american.html for the closely related pancocojams post "
The Differences Between Black American Audience Etiquette And Mainstream American Audience Etiquette During Performances".

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ADDITIONAL SHOWCASE VIDEOS

These YouTube videos are given in no particular order with very little descriptions or explanations.

Numbers were assigned to these examples for referencing purposes only.

SHOWCASE VIDEO #2 - Black Nativity Promo


Barn Dinner Theatre, Aug 11, 2017

Langston Hughes' heart-felt musical is the most entertaining way to relive the birth of Jesus Christ through the beat of the drum, the feet of high-energy dancers, and the souls of passionate storytellers. Enjoy The Nativity in a new light through great gospel music.
-snip-
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Nativity
"
Black Nativity is an adaptation of the Nativity story by Langston Hughes, performed by an entirely black cast. Hughes was the author of the book, with the lyrics and music being derived from traditional Christmas carols, sung in gospel style, with a few songs created specifically for the show. The show was first performed Off-Broadway on December 11, 1961, and was one of the first plays written by an African American to be staged there."...
-snip-
You can hear some people in the audience clapping to the beat during this musical theatre production. At certain times in the video such as around 1:21 you can also see some audience members clapping during this song and dance performance. 

**** SHOWCASE VIDEO #3 - Black Nativity Play at Hillside High School(4)



LaShon Brown,  December 20, 2015
-snip-
Read information about the play Black Nativity from the Wikipedia excerpt given for Showcase Video #2. In this video, I'm particularly interested in the reactions that the woman dressed in red has to the play.

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SHOWCASE VIDEO #4 - Spelhouse Homecoming 2025 Step Show



Creation n Motion, October 18, 2025 Spelman College -snip-
This YouTube video documents the audience reactions during a step show that is performed by members of Spelman College's chapter of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. These reactions, which are made by other members of that historically Black Greek letter sorority who are in the audience, consist of vocalizations such as "Let's go A.J. let's go, girl!", making that sorority's signature "call", and making that sorority's signature hand gesture.

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SHOWCASE VIDEO #5 - INTERMISSION AT A BLACK CONCERT IS A VIBE!!



@ItsSimplyShonda, November 11, 2023
-snip-
This YouTube video shows audience members remaining on the concert floor and enjoying themselves during that concert intermission. 

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Visitor comments are welcome.

The Differences Between Black American Audience Etiquette And Mainstream American Audience Etiquette During Performances

Edited by Azizi Powell

This pancocojams post presents an AI Overview write up about the differences between Black American audience etiquette and mainstream American audience etiquette. I asked about this subject on December 11, 2025.

The content of this post is presented for socio-cultural purposes.

All copyrights remain with their oweners.

Thanks to AI Overview for this write-up..
-snip-
Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2025/12/examples-of-audience-etiquette-audience.html for the closely related pancocojams post "
Examples Of Audience Etiquette & Audience Participation At Black American Non-Religious Performances."

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THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BLACK AMERICAN AUDIENCE ETIQUETTE AND MAINSTREAM AMERICAN AUDIENCE ETIQUETTE

"AI Overview

Understanding the nuances of audience etiquette across different cultural contexts within the United States is a fascinating inquiry that touches upon core aspects of cultural communication and social norms. The query asks for the differences between Black American audience etiquette and mainstream American audience etiquette, and it is important to first acknowledge that "mainstream" etiquette in the US often reflects dominant white cultural norms, which have historically excluded or marginalized the cultural practices of other groups. Black Americans are also not a monolith, as intersectionality (how race, gender, socioeconomic status, and other identities intersect) plays a critical role in shaping individual experiences and behaviors.

Nevertheless, some general patterns emerge regarding audience interaction styles, which primarily revolve around the level of verbal and physical engagement and the expectation of interaction between the performer and the audience.

Key Differences in Audience Etiquette

The primary distinction lies in the concept of "active" versus "passive" reception of a performance.

Active Participation in Black American Culture: Black American audience etiquette often encourages a more dynamic and vocal participation, rooted in traditions like the "call and response" found in the Black church and other community gatherings. This engagement is seen as an essential, reinforcing part of the shared experience, providing energy to the performers and the audience alike. It's a two-way conversation, where the audience's reaction directly influences the flow and intensity of the performance.

Vocalizations: This can include verbal affirmations (e.g., "Yes, ma'am," "Amen," "Tell it like it is," "preach"), cheering, singing along, and direct comments to the stage. These expressions signify agreement, excitement, or appreciation and are generally welcomed by the performers.

Movement and Physicality: The audience may move more freely, clap along, or exhibit enthusiastic physical reactions like standing up or gesturing during peak moments of the performance.

Punctuality and Flow: While traditional theater etiquette prizes promptness, some performances in Black cultural settings may have a slightly more flexible start time, occasionally with a short grace period.

Passive Reception in Mainstream American Culture: Mainstream (often white-dominant) American audience etiquette, particularly in formal settings like classical theater, symphony orchestras, or certain formal concert venues, traditionally emphasizes silence and minimal disruption. The expectation is that the audience provides a quiet, focused environment where all attention is directed solely at the stage without interruption.

Silence is Golden: Talking, whispering, or making noise (including from rustling candy wrappers) during the performance is generally frowned upon and considered a significant distraction.

Applauding at Specific Times: Applause is typically reserved for specific, sanctioned moments, such as the end of an act, the conclusion of a piece of music (like an overture), or a curtain call. Enthusiastic reactions like cheering or standing ovations are common, but only at the performance's end or during an intermission, not typically in the middle of a dramatic monologue or musical number (unless the performers explicitly encourage it).

Minimizing Physical Presence: Audience members are expected to remain seated throughout the performance unless an emergency arises, to avoid blocking the view of others.

Historical and Cultural Context

The origins of these differences are deeply rooted in history. Mainstream etiquette evolved from European upper-class norms, which emphasized restraint and decorum as marks of sophistication. In contrast, Black American performance traditions often developed in community spaces, such as churches and social gatherings, where shared experiences and collective emotional release were paramount. This history fosters a strong sense of community, where the audience's shared identity and active engagement enrich the overall experience. Performers of color often express appreciation for an engaged audience, viewing the energy as a positive reinforcement of their work.

A Note on Contextual Blending

It is also important to note that these are not rigid boundaries and can vary greatly depending on the specific venue and type of performance. A pop or rock concert for a mainstream audience will feature cheering and singing along, which is encouraged. Similarly, a formal Black tie gala featuring a classical performance might see Black audience members adhering to more formal, quieter norms. The key is that while mainstream norms often default to quiet reserve in formal settings, Black cultural norms more frequently default to an open and affirming interaction.

So, in conclusion, the fundamental difference lies in the value placed on the interactivity of the event versus its silent reception. Black American audience etiquette generally embraces a lively, vocal, and physically engaged communal experience, whereas mainstream etiquette for formal arts typically prioritizes silence and passive observation until designated moments for applause. Understanding these differing cultural expectations helps to appreciate the diverse and vibrant ways Americans experience live perform."

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