Lifeder En, Jun 28, 2023
In this video we talk to you about Mali, a country located
in the heart of West Africa, unique and fascinating for its history and
culture. Its past as the center of ancient empires, such as the Ghana Empire
and the Mali Empire, has left a great historical and cultural legacy.
Despite its size and the difficulties posed by its desert and semi-desert environment, ethnic groups such as the Bambara, Fulani, Dogon and Tuareg live in Mali.
Desertification is affecting its arid and semi-arid lands,
threatening agriculture and the livelihoods of its people. Tensions and
conflicts in the north of the country, often linked to ethnic problems and the
presence of extremist groups, have led to periods of instability.
****
Edited by Azizi Powell
This pancocojams post showcase a 2023 YouTube video and its auto-generated English language transcript about the history and current conditions of Mali, West Africa.
The content of this post is presented for historical, cultural, and educational purposes.
All copyrights remain with their owners.
Thanks to Lifeder En for this video. Thanks also to YouTube's auto-generated transcript feature.
-snip-
Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2024/03/malian-singer-songwriter-fatoumata.html for a related pancocojams post entitled "(Malian Singer, Songwriter) Fatoumata Diawara featuring African American Singer Angie Stone- "Somaw" ("Family")".
****
AUTO-GENERATED TRANSCRIPT OF THIS VIDEO
(This transcript is given "as is" with time stamps and no corrections).
"THIS IS LIFE IN MALI: dangers, customs, life, tribes, what Not to do"
published by Lifeder En, Jun 28, 2023
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WikbTFUhhKM
0:00
Mali is the country of salt and gold one of the poorest
nations in the world yet
0:07
it was a powerful Empire during the Middle Ages and one of
the wealthiest individuals in Universal history ruled
0:13
these territories stay with me to learn about life in Mali
its geography culture and much more
0:21
you'll learn very positive and amazing aspects of the
country but others are a
0:27
bit more controversial and not as well known 1. Mali is
considered one of the most
0:34
insecure countries in the world which is due to the presence
of terrorist groups
0:39
gorillas and separatists on its territory with an armed
conflict between
0:45
the North and South parts of the country in 2012 it
experienced a coup that
0:51
overthrew president amadu tumani Toure the ensuing political
chaos and the
0:58
weakness of the central government created a power vacuum in
the North and
1:03
the Tuareg Rebel groups from the north seeking Independence
or greater autonomy for their region
1:10
azawad sees the opportunity to launch a rebellion during the
Tuareg Rebellion several
1:17
Islamic extremist groups such as al-Qaeda in the Islamic
maghreb and ansardine took advantage of the
1:24
situation to also establish themselves in the north imposing
a strict version of Islamic law
1:31
in 2013 at the request of the Malian government France
launched a military intervention known as operation serval
1:39
to Halt the advance of the extremist groups and help recover
lost territory
1:45
a peace agreement was signed in 2015 between the Mali
government and some
1:50
Rebel groups including the Tua Reg despite liberating
occupied cities the
1:57
French military presence could not end the violence and
jihadist terrorism
2:02
remains a problem in both the Sahel and North Africa and
Europe
2:09
2. According to some historians Musa the first of Mali
popularly known as Mansa
2:16
Musa was the richest person in history he was the 10th Manza
of the Mali Empire
2:22
translated as King of Kings or emperor at his time he was
described as a young
2:29
man of brown color Pleasant face excellent appearance and
extremely generous
2:36
Legend has it that on one of his trips he left so much gold
to people that it
2:41
caused a rise in prices in the regions he passed through he
inherited a prosperous Empire but his
2:49
efforts to promote trade turned it into the richest
territory in Africa his immense personal Fortune came from
2:56
the vast reserves of salt and gold of his kingdom and from
elephant ivory to
3:02
give you an idea this man could have had a fortune
equivalent to 400 billion
3:09
current dollars one of his legendary eccentricities is
3:14
that on a pilgrimage to Mecca he made his country Famous by
bringing along 12
3:20
000 slaves sixty thousand servants 80 camels carrying
approximately 20
3:26
kilograms of gold each and building a mosque every Friday
along his journey
3:34
3. the powerful Mali Empire was created by Sundiata keita in
1235.
3:42
he was the first Manza of the Empire until 1255.
3:47
his biography is known from the tales and Adventures that
are told from generation to generation to our days
3:54
presenting him as one of mali's national heroes he was known
for his tolerant and
4:01
advanced principles for the time as he did not support the
death penalty and was a prominent promoter of Peace as a
4:09
monarch gold and salt mines were always the major sources of
Imperial wealth
4:16
4. three significant Empires existed on the territory that
is currently Mali
4:22
which controlled the trans-saharan trade in their heydays
4:27
we owe part of modern mathematics and astronomy to these
ancient political
4:33
units the first of these was the Empire of Ghana originally
named wagadu by its own
4:40
inhabitants it was renamed by Europeans and Arabs as
4:45
Ghana after the title of its king which means warrior king
it existed between
4:51
the 8th and 13th centuries and was the first black Empire in
West Africa today's Ghana was named in honor of the
4:59
ancient empire although it was not part of its territory the
second was the Empire of Mali which
5:07
existed between the 13th and 17th centuries and from which
the current name of this country derives it was
5:14
widely known for the generosity of its rulers most of whom
were extremely rich during those times
5:21
and for the noticeable cultural influence it exerted in West
Africa spreading its language laws and customs
5:29
through the Niger River the third and the most recent of all
was
5:34
the Songhai Empire it existed for almost a century under
different forms
5:39
coexisting with some of the previous ones in fact it was
annexed for a time
5:45
to the Empire of Mali however between the 15th and 16th
centuries it was one
5:50
of the largest Islamic empires in history 5. in 1893 Mali
became a territory
5:58
dominated by France resulting in a political and economic
Union that
6:03
culturally enriched Malian society and returned an important
role to it in the
6:08
region a century later it joined Sudan to achieve
independence from the European
6:14
power and in 1959 it became the Federation of Mali which
included other
6:21
African territories since 1960 Mali has been an independent
6:27
state six today Mali is a sovereign state governed by a
semi-presidential
6:34
republic under military Junta organized into 10
administrative regions with
6:41
Mining and agriculture as its main economic activities salt
and gold continue to be two of the
6:48
country's most important natural resources in fact Mali is
currently the third
6:54
largest producer of gold in Africa only after South Africa
and Ghana in
7:00
agriculture its most important crop is cotton and livestock
includes cattle and
7:06
camels more than 80 percent of malians work in subsistence
farming and the sudden
7:12
changes that the country experiences have caused waves of
temporary unemployment
7:18
another key activity is fishing in its rivers lakes and
other freshwater
7:23
sources more than 200 species of fish live 7. in contrast to
its Imperial past Mali
7:32
is now one of the poorest countries in the world despite
being one of Africa's
7:38
leading producers of gold only a tenth of the country's
inhabitants earn more than two dollars a day
7:45
while almost two-thirds can earn less than a dollar this
means that almost half of malians
7:53
live below the poverty line due to various factors
7:58
firstly the Malian economy depends largely on mining and
agriculture making
8:05
it vulnerable to International price changes and the climate
on the other hand there is a low
8:11
literacy rate especially among women which limits job
opportunities
8:17
in addition there is inadequate infrastructure for roads
electricity and
8:23
irrigation systems coupled with a situation of conflict and
violence and
8:28
desertification 8. about 3.5 million Millions have problems
accessing water
8:35
especially in rural areas do in part to the fact that Mali
is one of the hottest
8:41
places on the planet with 65 percent of its territory in the
Sahara and Sahel
8:48
the main source of water is the Niger River but its flow
very seasonally and
8:54
its quality can be affected by soil erosion when there are
torrential rains there can be floods that create more
9:01
problems than Solutions another major issue that Mali has
experienced with
9:06
water is contamination in the middle of the last decade the
country suffered a
9:11
disastrous cholera outbreak which developed when numerous
Health Centers were not functioning adequately due to a
9:19
lack of staff the malians themselves recommend that
foreigners guard against diseases with
9:25
the phrase cook it peel it or forget it currently even fruit
must be washed with
9:32
chlorinated water or other disinfection methods to avoid
risks
9:37
however despite these challenges the situation has generally
improved
9:43
compared to decades ago today 80 percent of mali's
population has access to clean
9:49
water falling to 70 percent in rural areas
9:54
9. Mali is located in West Africa and is
10:00
the eighth largest country on the continent it shares
borders with Algeria to the
10:06
north Niger to the east Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast to the
South Guinea to the
10:14
southwest and Senegal and Mauritania to the West
10:19
its geography is diverse with different Landscapes and
features it has three
10:24
very different zones the first is the Saharan Zone which
extends in the north
10:31
of the country and is the most arid region the second is the
Sahel not as
10:37
desertic located in the center of the country lastly the
southern zone is where the majority of the population
10:43
lives as its climate and lands are more fertile and it is
the most forested and
10:49
habitable area although Mali is largely flat there are
several mountain ranges
10:55
the adurades efocas is located in the North near the border
with Algeria while
11:02
the hamburi mountains including the impressive rock
formation of the hand of
11:07
Fatima are in the center most of the Northern parts of the
country lies within the Sahara Desert
11:14
one of the driest and most arid areas in the world in
addition to this Geographic diversity
11:20
Mali is rich in natural resources such as gold uranium
phosphates and Limestone
11:26
it also has several Natural Parks and protected areas such
as the boucle
11:31
dubale national park and the gorma Wildlife Reserve 10. it
is characterized by having a warm
11:40
and dry climate with typical temperatures of arid and desert
regions from February to June it is hot and dry
11:47
from June to November on the other hand it is humid and
temperate with frequent rains in the remaining months the
11:54
climate is cool and dry some of the hottest places are
Timbuktu tagasa
12:01
taudani arawani GAO gidal and tessalit the City of cayes
renowned as the
12:09
pressure cooker of Africa is known for its scorching
temperatures throughout the year particularly in April when
12:17
maximum temperatures reach extreme levels in the Sahara the
heat becomes even more
12:25
extreme with average maximum temperatures soaring in arawane
during
12:31
June and reaching unprecedented levels in the taodani region
during July
12:38
11. the Niger River is the third longest river in Africa it
is of extreme
12:45
importance in fact without it the country would be
practically
12:50
uninhabitable and filled with desert areas
12:55
the Niger River's inner Delta in the center of the country
is an expanse of wetlands a result of seasonal flooding a
13:04
unique natural phenomenon that creates an oasis of Life amid
the Arid surroundings with Incredible diversity
13:11
of Flora and Fauna including endangered species such as the
African Manatee and
13:17
the desert elephant these seasonal floods of the Niger and
13:22
its tributaries allow for the practice of flood agriculture
where Farmers plant
13:28
crops such as rice Millet and sorghum in addition the river
is home to fish
13:35
that provide a crucial source of protein and employment
through fishing
13:41
12. the African Manatee is one of the endangered animal
species in West Africa
13:48
it is estimated that less than 10 000 specimens remain in
coastal Waters and
13:53
estuaries of various African countries including Mali where
it inhabits the Niger River
13:59
these animals are also known as sea cows characterized by
large rounded bodies
14:06
with a paddle-shaped snout and a flattened caudal fin
14:11
in the past African manatees led a quite Placid life they
fed on aquatic plants
14:18
and thanks to their size didn't have many natural Predators
human presence
14:24
was limited in the area which allowed them to live in
relative tranquility
14:29
however over time the situation of the African manatees has
drastically changed
14:35
due to population growth agricultural expansion increased
fishing and the
14:41
construction of dams and development projects that have
altered their habitat
14:48
13. another unique and threatened species that inhabits Mali
is the gorma
14:53
elephant a unique subpopulation of African elephants that
inhabits the
14:59
gorma region a semi-desert area located in the Sahel between
the Niger River and
15:05
the bandiagara mountains these elephants have adapted to the
extremely arid conditions of the area
15:12
developing a nomadic lifestyle and traveling long distances
in search of
15:17
food and water but the situation of this subspecies has
15:22
worsened over the years and is worrisome due to several
factors mainly poaching
15:28
desertification and the armed conflicts that I have already
told you about it is
15:33
estimated that currently only about 350 individuals remain
14. bamako is the
15:40
capital and the largest city of Mali with an estimated
population of about 3
15:45
million people it's hard to compare it to other world
capitals but some
15:50
Travelers who have visited it say it's one of the most
authentic African capitals
15:56
it is located on the banks of the Niger River on which you
can take a cruise to
16:02
learn more about the local culture it's a great place for
those who wish to explore the local markets to buy
16:09
traditional crafts and enjoy the Lively Malian music another
thing you can enjoy
16:15
on its streets are the marquis small bars with a pleasant
atmosphere where locals gather on weekends
16:23
the name bamako translates from the Bambara language as
crocodile River in
16:29
the area there are many crocodiles three of these reptiles
are even represented in the coat of arms of the capital
16:37
15. Molly uses the West African CFA Franc as its official
currency shared by
16:44
eight African countries and pegged to the euro at a fixed
rate at 655 CFA
16:51
francs per Euro the currency is managed by the Central Bank
of West African States and in
16:58
addition to being used in Mali it is used in Benin Burkina
Faso Ivory Coast
17:04
Guinea bissau Niger Senegal and Togo 16.
17:09
Timbuktu is an important historical City in Mali located on
the southern edge of
17:15
the Sahara and near the Niger River it was founded in the
11th century by the
17:20
tourags and over time it became a cultural and Trade Center
for Ivory gold
17:26
spices and salt at its peak it was also a prominent Center
of Islamic teaching
17:32
and learning attracting Scholars poets and philosophers from
all over Africa
17:38
the University of sankore founded in the 14th century was
one of the most
17:43
relevant teaching institutions in West Africa known for its
large collection of
17:48
manuscripts in 1591 Timbuktu was conquered by the Morocco
sodium
17:55
sultanate leading to the city's decline as a cultural and
Commercial Center
18:00
over the subsequent centuries it experienced a series of
invasions and occupations by different powers
18:07
including French colonial rule in the 19th century
18:12
Timbuktu is famous for its Rich Adobe architecture which
includes the jingare
18:18
bear great mosque made of earth wood fiber other organic
materials and a
18:24
small portion of limestone 17. the great Mosque of Janae in
the
18:30
center of Mali is a must-visit structure it's a fascinating
construction that
18:37
dominates most postcards from this African country the
world's largest
18:42
Adobe building it is also the largest building made
18:47
from this material in one piece the building has been
destroyed and
18:52
rebuilt several times being made of adobe it rapidly
deteriorates due to
18:58
rain and humidity some past Malian rulers considered it
19:03
too luxurious leaving it in neglect without investing in it
its current
19:09
structure dates back to 1907 and was built on the ruins of
the previous mosque
19:15
the Janae Community actively participates in maintaining the
mosque holding an annual Festival in its honor
19:23
it includes music and traditional food and the main
objective is to repair the
19:28
damage from the past Year's rain and humidity in the days
leading up to the festival
19:35
plaster is prepared in a pit as it needs to be stirred
constantly children
19:40
usually do it seeing it as a game 18. Mali is located in the
transition
19:48
zone between the Sahara Desert and the Sahel Savannah making
the country prone to sandstorms also known as haboobs
19:57
they are driven by strong winds that lift large amounts of
sand and dust
20:03
reaching high speeds and Lasting from a few minutes to
several hours
20:10
they can cause visibility problems and hinder ground and Air
transport affect
20:16
air quality and cause respiratory problems especially for
people with asthma or other lung diseases
20:24
19. north of bamako is the country's largest national park
and Reserve buklay
20:32
de ballay National Park which extends between cebi and Kita
approaching the
20:38
border with Mauritania however the animal species living in
20:44
Mali are spread across different regions including the
Sahara in the north the
20:51
Sahel in the center and the savannas and wetlands of the
Niger in the South some
20:56
of the animals that live in the country are the West African
giraffe or Niger giraffe the African elephant the
21:03
hippopotamus antelopes lions leopards cheetahs Buffalo Nile
crocodiles hyenas
21:12
ostriches chimpanzees Dame gazelles addicts among others 20.
Mount humbori
21:20
is a mountain in the mati region near the border with
Burkina Faso it is the
21:27
highest point in Mali it has beautiful rock formations and
exotic vegetation
21:33
and fauna showcasing the Wonders that African nature can
offer
21:39
it is an important place for biodiversity in the Sahel with
150
21:45
different species of plants along with several incredible
animal species such
21:50
as The Rock hyrax and the olive baboon it's an attractive
place for
21:56
mountaineering visited by the most daring Travelers because
as I will explain later if you visit Mali you face
22:04
certain dangers 21. the tomb of ostia located in the
22:10
city of gown is a strange 15th century edifice that stands
out for its curious
22:15
shape resembling a stepped pyramid it is an example of mud
construction
22:21
typical of West Africa and the Sahel its pyramidal Tower is
one of the most
22:27
significant examples of the Grandeur of the Songhai Empire
the complex includes the pyramidal tomb
22:35
two mosques a cemetery and a space for assemblies
22:40
It is believed that the Mortal remains of ostia Muhammad the
first the first
22:46
emperor of the Songhai who reigned from 1464 to 1492 and
expanded his
22:53
territorial domains through numerous battles are at rest
here Legend has it
22:58
that during his pilgrimage to Mecca the emperor passed
through Egypt and was fascinated by the beauty of the pyramids
23:05
upon his return he decided to build the tomb imitating this
style
23:11
22. The bondiagara Cliffs land of the dogon in the south of
Timbuktu is one of
23:18
the most outstanding places in Mali due to its cultural and
Architectural
23:24
richness to walk along this long Cliff the presence of a
guide who knows the area
23:30
is required it stretches from bangkas to duenza in
23:36
the heart of Dogan along the way he will encounter
traditional dogon communities
23:41
clinging to the cliffs these dwellings are built from a
mixture
23:47
of clay straw and cow or bulldung and they can hardly be
seen from a distance
23:58
are the most recognized in this area 23. in Mali there are
different ethnic
24:05
groups the largest with approximately 34 percent of the
population are the
24:10
Bambara who are mainly found in the central region of Mali
and speak the Bambara language the Fulani around 14
24:19
percent are usually Shepherds and are found throughout the
country as well as
24:24
in other nations in West Africa in the west are 10 known for
being good
24:31
Traders the sanufo also 10 and especially inhabiting the
South are usually farmers
24:40
the malinke around nine percent are descendants of the Mali
Empire and are
24:45
mainly in the west and southwest of the country also there
are the dogon sunrise
24:51
Bobo and Touareg each of these ethnic groups has a language
with Bambara being
24:57
the most spoken in Mali although the official language of
the country is French inherited from the colonial era
25:04
24. the dogons are one of the ethnic groups with the most
peculiar cultural
25:09
features such as masks and dances the kanaga is one of more
than 70 masks
25:16
that exist used in a ritual dance when someone important
dies
25:21
the olgon of the dogons is the spiritual and political
leader of the village a
25:26
religious figure who lives alone and in celibacy and cannot
be touched
25:32
the traditional dogon religion is a mixture of animism
totemism and
25:37
Shamanism their cosmogony centers on the Creator God Amma
who created the world
25:43
and all living creatures the dogon people also venerate
their ancestors and
25:49
Spirits called Nomo supernatural beings associated with
water and fertility in
25:56
addition some Dogan communities have adopted Islam or
Christianity although
26:01
they usually practice it by combining it with their
traditional beliefs and practices 25. the Touareg people are the nomadic
26:09
Berber ethnic group found in the Saharan and sahelian
regions of West and North
26:15
Africa in Mali they are in the north particularly in the
regions of kidal GAO
26:22
and Timbuktu they speak the tamashek language and have their
own unique
26:27
script known as typina the toureg society is organized into
various Clans
26:33
and tribes with a hierarchical social structure that
includes Nobles vassals and Artisans unlike other areas of Mali
26:41
they have practiced a decentralized system of government
where each Clan or tribe is responsible for its own Affairs
26:47
which has partly influenced the various Touareg rebellions
throughout history
26:53
the two areg are known for their distinctive attire
particularly the toggle most are indigo-dyed turban which
27:00
covers the head and face this garment serves both practical
and cultural purposes protecting from the Sun wind
27:08
and sand while also acting as a symbol of identity
27:13
the majority of the Touareg practice Islam which has been
present in the region for centuries their
27:19
interpretation is characterized by a mix of Orthodox Islamic
beliefs and local pre-islamic traditions and Customs 26.
27:27
polygamy is a common practice legal and culturally accepted
in Mali especially
27:33
among the Muslim communities that make up approximately 90
percent of the country's population
27:40
a man is allowed to marry multiple women as long as he can
fulfill certain
27:45
conditions such as treating all wives fairly and equitably
Islamic law also
27:52
requires a man to be capable of maintaining and protecting
all his wives and their families
27:59
being married to several women is a symbol of social status
and wealth these
28:04
men are considered powerful Rich successful and prestigious
for having a
28:10
family in the eyes of malians and people from other African
countries there are
28:15
advantages to polygamy among them that it can be helpful to
divorced or widowed
28:20
women who find new protection housing and resources in any
case not all Malian
28:27
men choose to have multiple wives either for love economic
reasons or to avoid
28:33
cohabitation problems 27. Molly has one of the youngest
populations on the
28:39
planet the median age of the population is 16 years compared
with the global
28:44
median age of 30 years about 67 percent of its population is
under 25 years old
28:51
and the predominant age range is from zero to four years old
encompassing 18
28:57
percent of people one of the causes of this country's
fertility rate one of the highest in the
29:03
world with an average of 5.4 births per woman the life
expectancy is one of the lowest
29:11
in the world the average Malayan person is expected to live
to 60 years
29:17
28. due to its young population and the country's high
fertility rate mali's
29:24
historic and future population growth projections are
impressive in 1960 the population barely exceeded 5
29:34
million people today there are about 23 million and
29:39
calculation suggests that in about 20 or 30 years this
number will have doubled
29:45
with almost 50 million people 29. male circumcision is a
common
29:51
practice in Mali especially among Muslim communities where
it is performed for
29:56
religious cultural and hygienic reasons usually in a festive
and ritual setting
30:03
also practiced is a much more controversial activity female
genital
30:08
mutilation known as cutting this is a practice that remains
very prevalent in
30:14
the country especially by the dogon ethnic group in this
Society it is considered that a
30:21
woman who has not been mutilated is impure and therefore it
is likely that
30:26
she will have difficulty getting married and will be a
victim of social exclusion all her life to this day Molly is one of
30:33
the few African countries that does not have laws that
expressly prohibit this practice only doctors are not allowed to
30:41
perform it it is estimated that 9 out of 10 million girls
have undergone this
30:47
practice similarly when women menstruate they are considered
impure they are socially
30:54
isolated for five days during which they take refuge in a
hut specifically Built
31:00
For This purpose 30. Malian women play an essential role
31:06
in their families and communities but they also face
numerous challenges including gender inequality and limited
31:13
access to Education Health Care and economic opportunities
family plays a crucial part in the lives
31:21
of Millions with women typically shouldering much of the
responsibility of maintaining the home and raising
31:27
children in rural areas they can also contribute to work in
agriculture and Animal Care
31:33
traditional clothing for Malayan women includes garments
like the boo-boo a tunic the pagnae a skirt and headscarves
31:43
31. marriage can be arranged it's legal from the age of 16
for girls and 18 for
31:50
boys parents or other family members can choose a spouse for
their child based on
31:56
factors such as social status economic stability and
compatibility between the
32:02
two families in these arranged marriages love is not the
most important thing but it can
32:09
develop over time in the marital Life religion also plays an
important role in
32:14
romantic relationships pre-marital relationships and sexual
activity are
32:20
discouraged in Islam and couples are expected to marry
before engaging in
32:25
intimate relations 32 in Mali lighter skin tones are often
32:31
considered more desirable possibly due to historical factors
like European colonization and the influence
32:39
of Western media but this preference is not Universal and
many malians prefer
32:45
their natural skin tones a curvier female body shape is
usually preferred which is a sign of prosperity
32:52
health and fertility this differs from Western standards
where more athletic
32:59
and thin bodies are preferred or from East Asian standards
with more slender
33:04
and small shapes facial features like full lips and wide
33:10
noses may be seen as attractive 33. in Mali there are men
called helis
33:17
or Grio who serve as storytellers accompanied by traditional
music they
33:23
are the keepers of the country's spoken tradition and
history but this role of storytellers is not
33:30
exclusive to men there are also women who serve as grios
known as yelimusas
33:38
34. boo-boos are the typical clothing of the millions they
are loose comfortable
33:45
and very colorful tunics worn in everyday life although it
is a form of
33:51
dress associated with men the traditional female clothing in
much of West Africa closely resembles the booboo
33:59
35. the national flag of Mali consists of three stripes
green yellow and red
34:05
the green symbolizes the fertility of the land the yellow
represents wealth
34:10
and brightness especially of gold and the red represents the
Bloodshed during
34:15
the time of Independence 36 like other countries in the
region
34:21
mali's food is characterized by intense flavors based on
legumes vegetables
34:27
grains and to a lesser extent fish and meat jollof rice is
cooked with tomatoes
34:33
peppers onions and spices with vegetables or fish sometimes
added pyasa
34:39
is chicken or fish marinated in lemon juice spices and
onions slow cooked and
34:45
served with rice is one of the national dishes made with
chicken or lamb peanut butter chunks of
34:53
carrots and potatoes is Nile perch served with fried banana
35:00
rice and spicy chili sauce couscous is also common in Mali a
mixture of water
35:06
and durum wheat semolina sometimes prepared with Millet
barley sorghum corn
35:11
or rice 37. the bogalanfini or bogalan is a Malian handmade
cotton cloth dyed
35:19
with fermented mud characterized by its Brown yellow and
dark colors
35:25
it translates to Mud cloth other language studies suggest
that it
35:31
actually refers to Slippery clay with large amounts of iron
as the iron in the
35:36
clay will stain the Fabric's black it holds a significant
place in the National culture and has become a symbol
35:43
of their identity it's increasingly appreciated
internationally as it's currently exported to various parts of
35:50
the world for use in fashion Fine Arts and decoration the
designs on the cloths are made
35:56
following patterns of fermented mud women usually wear them
to match the tunics to cover their heads 38. like all
36:05
societies malians have their unique forms of entertainment
for example they
36:10
love oware a curious board game native to West Africa which
involves capturing
36:16
the opponent's pieces these pieces are almost always seeds
to play it you need
36:22
an oware board and 48 seeds an oware board has two straight
rows
36:29
with six holes called houses and can also bring a large
scoring house at each
36:34
end the two players control the six houses on their
respective side of the board
36:39
and the scoring house on their side the goal is to capture
more seeds than
36:45
the other player since the game only has 48 seeds capturing
25 is enough to win
36:52
39. now let's talk about what you shouldn't do in Mali and
other very important aspects to keep in mind if
36:59
you're traveling there firstly if you want to avoid risks
you need to know that it's not advisable to
37:06
travel to Mali the current conflict and other aspects make
it a country with little security
37:13
if you're a journalist going there for work or dare to go as
a tourist bear in
37:18
mind that a problematic aspect is the absence of checkpoints
on the roads which allows jihadist groups to move
37:26
freely if we have to divide the country by levels of
security Southern Mali is the
37:32
least insecure the center is somewhat more insecure and the
north is almost
37:37
inaccessible and highly insecure with a high risk of
kidnappings and Highway assaults there's usually little
37:45
information about the possible attacks that occur due to the
conflict so it's necessary to take preventive measures
37:51
such as not staying more than one night in insecure areas
and always traveling with a local guide or a trusted person
37:58
who knows the areas you're visiting 40. now let's move on to
customs and
38:04
ways of relating to people when greeting don't forget to
shake hands you can also bring your right hand
38:10
to your chest as a sign of respect the hug is more common
among friends and
38:16
slightly tilting your head is advised when greeting older
people don't interrupt when speaking as it's
38:23
considered rude to give gifts things or receive them don't
use your left hand always the
38:30
right one don't maintain overly direct eye contact
especially with older people
38:35
don't feel annoyed by hearing somewhat loud music everywhere
as it's part of
38:41
Malian culture bringing gifts to hosts can feel
uncomfortable and is generally not
38:47
expected especially if there's no previous or trusting
relationship
38:52
don't point at other people also don't photograph government
or military
38:57
buildings or their employees other aspects to consider don't
drink
39:02
tap water only bottled prepare to negotiate which is normal
take
39:08
preventive malaria pills and pay close attention to your
belongings about
39:14
religion be respectful especially in religious places avoid
displays of
39:20
affection in public and dress modestly 41. some of the
notable personalities
39:25
from Mali include Ali farca Toure one of the most famous
African musicians who
39:31
fused traditional Malian music with the blues and other
Western musical genres
39:39
was a politician and Military Man president of Mali in two
terms and
39:45
leader of the democratic transition following the military
coup of 1911. Salif cata is a singer known as the
39:53
golden voice of Africa omu sangarei is another singer one of
39:59
the most important female African voices known for her
wazolu music style seidu
40:06
Kita was a prominent footballer who played for clubs such as
Sevilla Barcelona and roma
40:13
I hope you have enjoyed learning about this fascinating
country thank you for sticking around see you soon"
-snip-
Here are four corrections of words that are given in this transcript:
26:01 -"Tuareg" in English (although "Touareg" may be correct in French)
33:17- "jelis" not "helis"
34. "boubou" not "boo-boos"
39.59 ="wassoulou" not "wazolu"
Also, in the United States "bogalanfini" cloth is commonly known as "mudcloth".
****
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