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Monday, January 8, 2024

The History Of "Ya Know What I'm Sayin", "Ya Feel Me" & Similar African American Vernacular English Sayings & Why Do People Say Them?

Edited by Azizi Powell 

This is Part II of a two part pancocojams series on "Ya know what I'm sayin", "Ya feel me", and similar sentences in African American Vernacular English (AAVE).

This post presents my speculations about the history of and reasons for the use of "Ya know what I'm sayin", "Ya feel me", and similar sayings in African American Vernacular English (AAVE). These speculations are supported by some online quotes.

Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2024/01/ya-know-what-im-sayin-ya-feel-me-and.html for Part I of this pancocojams series. That post presents some examples of "Ya know what I'm sayin", "Ya feel me", and similar sayings in African American Vernacular English (AAVE).  A few comments in that post present examples of the use of those sayings or similar sayings in other dialects throughout the world.

All of those comments are from
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMS70m-OzXo&t=1s "DIFFERENT AMERICAN HOOD ACCENTS AND DIALECTS" by CharlieBo313, Oct. 14, 2019. 

The content of this post is presented for linguistic and socio-cultural purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post.

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PANCOCOJAMS EDITOR'S NOTE
"Ya know what I'm sayin", "Ya feel me" and other similar sayings are mostly used in spoken communication. Written examples of these sayings are mostly strung together parts of the words that make up those sayings or other approximations of how those words sound together. There's no "correct" way of spelling these sayings in AAVE.

This post refers to the use of these sayings at the end of some African American Vernacular English (AAVE) sentences or used by themselves in AAVE. 

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PART I:THE HISTORY OF THE AFRICAN AMERICAN VERNACULAR ENGLISH SAYINGS "YA KNOW WHAT I'M SAYIN", "YA FEEL ME" AND SIMILAR SAYINGS 

Additions and corrections to this post are very welcome.

I believe that "Ya know what I'm sayin" and similar sayings are updated forms of  "Can you dig it?".

"Can you dig it?" and other "dig it" sayings are from African American culture before the 1960s but became known in mainstream American culture in that decade.


Here are some online quotes to support this speculation.

There are multiple theories about the origin of the African American Vernacular English meanings of the word "dig" including Wolof and/or Mandingo West African languages and Gaelic and/oror old European languages. I've decided not to wade in that muddy water but jump to the early uses of that word.

1.from https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/121607/what-is-the-exact-meaning-of-i-dig-it

"OED [Oxford English Dictionary] sense 6c has examples from 1935 to 1969 - it is said to be of US origin.

6c. slang (orig. U.S.). (a) To understand, appreciate, like, admire; (b) to look at or listen to; to experience. Cf. sense 1c.

1935 Hot News Sept. 20/2 If you listen enough, and dig him enough, you will realise that that..riff is the high-spot of the record.

1941 Life 15 Dec. 89 Dig me?

1943 M. Shulman Barefoot Boy 90 Awful fine slush pump, I mean awful fine. You ought to dig that.

1944 C. Calloway * Hepsters Dict. Dig v.—(1) Meet. (2) Look, see. (3) Comprehend, understand. 

1944 M. Zolotow Never whistle in Dressing Room iii. 52 When they see a pretty girl they shout, ‘Dig the chick.’

1947 R. de Toledano Frontiers of Jazz p. x, I recognize it when I see it, the same as I dig good Jazz when I hear it.

1949 L. Feather Inside Be-bop iii. 28 Dizzy didn't dig the band's kind of music and the band didn't dig Dizzy.

1958 Punch 8 Jan. 92/1 The lines of communication get tangled. In other words the people don't quite ‘dig’ you.

1958 Listener 29 May 912/1 He wants to ‘dig’ the whole of life, and is convinced that experience comes only to the irresponsible.

1958 Punch 25 June 853/3 Does the beat generation really dig such crazy old-world catch-phrases?

1959 C. MacInnes Absolute Beginners 60 If you like the other number, I mean like the looks of them, really dig them sexually.

1959 C. MacInnes Absolute Beginners 62 Everything you learned, you hadn't learned until you'd really dug it: i.e., made it part of your own experience.

1960 N. Mitford Don't tell Alfred xviii. 192 Of course he's a man's man, you might not dig him like we do.

1969 New Yorker 29 Nov. 48/1, I just don't dig any of these guys. I don't understand their scenes.

Note that the OED does refer to sense 1c, suggesting that there may be a connection. It has origins from as early as 1789

1c. fig. with allusion to the general sense; also spec. to study hard and closely at a subject (U.S.). Hence, to understand (cf. sense 6c
(slang (orig. U.S.)).

1789 Trifler No. 43. 549 Youths who never digged for the rich ore of knowledge thro' the pages of the Rambler.

1801 R. Southey Thalaba I. iv. 220 'Tis a spring of living waters, Whose inexhaustible bounties all might drink But few dig deep enough.

1827 Harvard Reg. (1828) Dec. 303 Here the sunken eye and sallow countenance bespoke the man who dug sixteen hours‘ per diem’.

1869 L. M. Alcott Little Women II. xii. 177 Laurie ‘dug’ to some purpose that year.

1936 N.Y. World Telegram 6 Oct. 16/1 ‘You dig?’ is a short cut for ‘You understand?’

1952 B. Ulanov Hist. Jazz in Amer. xxiv. 344 The man who really ‘digs’ can more often than not describe the next development in jazz before the musicians have reached it.

1957 C. MacInnes City of Spades i. xi. 89 Twist now—you dig?"

answered Mar 6, 2017 by WS2's 
-snip-
* C. Calloway (Cab Calloway) was a popular African American Jazz singer and band leader. He also was a collector, editor, and promoter of 1930s/1940s Jazz slang terms. Click https://dancesafari.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/The-Hepster%E2%80%99s-Dictionary.pdf for one of Cab Calloway's Jazz slang d
ictionaries. Here's the forward to one edition of that book which mentions the Pittsburgh Courier, a newspaper in my adopted hometown of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania that used to be one of the leading, if not the leading newspaper for African Americans:
"Foreword

Some six years ago I compiled the first glossary of words, expressions, and the general patois employed by musicians and entertainers in New York’s teeming Harlem. That the general public agreed with me is amply evidenced by the fact that the present issue is the sixth edition since 1938 and is the official jive language reference book of the New York Public Library.

“Jive talk” is now an everyday part of the English language. Its usage is now accepted in the movies, on the stage, and in the song products of Tin Pan Alley. It is reasonable to assume that jive will find new avenues in such hitherto remote places as Australia, the South Pacific, North Africa, China, Italy, France, Sicily, and inevitably Germany and wherever our Armed Forces may serve.

I don’t want to lend the impression here that the many words contained in this edition are the figments of my imagination. They were gathered from every conceivable source. Many first saw the light of printer’s ink in Billy Rowe’s widely read column “The Notebook,” in the
Pittsburgh Courier. To the many persons who have contributed to this and the other editions, this volume is respectfully and gratefully dedicated". —Cab Calloway

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2. from https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/121607/what-is-the-exact-meaning-of-i-dig-it

"This particular use of 'dig' can mean either to like or understand something. It could also mean a combination of the two, as a general verb of approval for something.

The term was particularly popular during the 1960s-1970s and is today considered slightly old-fashioned. It seems to be mainly used today in connection with music, perhaps as a deliberate homage to the music and associated culture of that era.

answered Apr 25, 2022 by Astralbee"
-snip-
The shortened form of this saying "Dig it?" was used at the end of sentences or as a stand alone sentence in the 1960s (and to a much lesser extent now in the 2000s). However, I don't know if "dig it?" was used at the end of AAVE sentences as often as "Ya know what I'm saying" and other forms of those sayings are used now.

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3. Another way of saying "Can you dig it?" ("Do you understand what I'm saying?" in the 1960s was "Do you get where I'm coming from?" 

"Do you catch my drift" is another way of saying the same thing or a very similar thing that was used in AAVE and elsewhere in the 1960s.  Jay Elston, a commenter writing in 2011 in a discussion thread for  https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/32530/meaning-and-origin-of-if-you-catch-my-drift shared that "The phrase has been around a long time. Shakespeare uses my drift (meaning my meaning) in a few of his plays. The term predates this usage."
 
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4. A 1978 New York Times newspaper article indicates that "You know what I'm saying" was a new "in" saying for that year. 
 https://www.nytimes.com/1978/07/23/archives/yknow-what-im-saying.html "Y'KNOW WHAT I'M SAYING?" by William Safire, July 23, 1978
."Kid's talk, spread by television, has not been delinquent in coinages. Cool, that product of the 40's, continues unabated, but dynamite as an adjective has fizzled, as have beautiful and terrific; the new word for excellence is, unbelievably, excellent.

The summarized continuation, or indication of a continued series, has long been a staple of kid's talk: Etcetera etcetera was followed by blahblah‐blah, and more recently by and all that stuff or and like that; the current locution is y'know what I'm saying.”

[…]

Clearly, the biggies of the Word Mafia — with their abrasive lust for megabucks — have been burned by the speedy trivialization of the language by the glitterati. Only by tracking our bromides can wordaholics impose any kind of constraints and make our excellent lingo vogueword free. Y'know what I'm saying. “
-end of article.
Most of the new “in” terms that are mentioned in that 1978 New York Times article have been out of use in the USA for a long time.

White American writer William Safire defined “Y'know what I'm saying” as another way of saying something like “etc. etc. etc. or “and so on and so forth.”  I disagree with that conclusion*, this article helps document when that saying began to make its way into the consciousness of mainstream (meaning "White") United States culture.

*Read Part II ,Section A of this post.

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5.from https://www.quora.com/Why-did-people-start-saying-you-know-what-Im-saying-Is-there-any-history-behind-this-expression-or-did-it-just-come-out-naturally-and-become-a-phrase-we-use-now-days-without-knowing-its-history

a) Amar Jondhalekar, 2023
..."
There is no single event or individual responsible for the creation of this expression, but it is a phrase that has become a part of colloquial language and is now used by many people in casual conversation."

**
b) Princetane1976 Creambot, 2023
"
I reckon it was Flavor Flav (US rapper William Drayton Jr born 1959), who started saying that phrase around 1988. As he was from the New York area, its likely he picked the remark up off other people in the ghettos, hoods there.

I didn’t really hear it much beyond him until the late 2000s with rappers, Black radio and podcast hosts and Trailer Park Boys, but now its everywhere and seems to be a catchprhrase amongst lower class hip Americans everywhere. Some dudes like Tariq Elite, Tommy Sotomayor, Green Gorilla, Umar Johnson, The Advise show etc - they are always adding “You know what I’m saying” to like EVERY sentence.

Of course I am in New Zealand, so are not exactly on the pulse of American colloquialisms, but it sure makes me laugh and me doing it when I was drunk recently had everyone laughing. I do this like “Pookie and Ray Ray thing” - Black culture is popular amongst Maoris and Islanders here, so now you hear “You know what I’m saying” more than “Give them the bash”.

Seriously I guess I doubt its roots would go back further than the jive talk era of the very late 60s and 1970s stuff like “You dig”, “Jive Turkey” etc."
-snip-
I don't agree with everything this commenter wrote, but visitors to pancocojams probably know this without me adding this disclaimer.

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6. Additional Notes:
The saying "Do you feel me" (meaning "Do you understand me"?) became commonly used in some forms of AAVE because of its use in certain Hip Hop/Rap songs such as
-Scarface - "Now I Feel Ya"  from the album 'The World Is Yours' (1993) [Number 19 Peak position on Billboard Hot Rap songs. https://www.billboard.com/artist/scarface/chart-history/rap/

-Naughty By Nature, 1995 Hip Hop Rap song "Feel Me Flow" [lyric excerpt: "Holla if ya hear me though, come and feel me flow."

-Dru Down's 1996 album/single "Can You Feel Me" [quote: "Its lead single reached #92 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart."] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can_You_Feel_Me 

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PART II -WHY DO PEOPLE USE THESE TYPES OF SAYINGS IN AAVE?

A. MY SPECULATIONS 
1. In order for there to be true communication, people need to know that listeners hear and really understand what is being said. In African American Vernacular English, the expectation is that call and response interactions would take place between the speaker and the listener. The speaker's words are "the call" and the listener's body motions (nodding his or her head) and saying "um hum" or some other sounds/words are the "response" or "responses". 

One meaning of the now largely outdated terms "Word" and "Word up" is "I understand you and I agree". Click https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_Up!_(song) for information about Funk group Cameo's  1986 megahit record "Word up!"
Also, click https://www.quora.com/What-does-the-term-word-up-mean for a discussion about the meanings of the term "Word up" /"Word". 

Here's another online excerpt about the term "Word up":
From https://www.dictionary.com/e/slang/word-up/
The exact origin of word up is unknown. The earliest prominent usage of the phrase comes from the song “Word Up” (1986) by American funk band Cameo. In the song, the phrase is used as an enthusiastic term of agreement. Since that time, word up has been used to express agreement, approval, or general enthusiasm."

**
2. These sayings are used in African American Vernacular English as a way of documenting that certain things have been said. As such, the New Orleans, Louisiana (and other Louisiana) saying "You heard me" (given in standard English) is a shortened form of something like "Now you heard what I said so deal with it." This form of "Ya know what I'm saying" can be a shortened form of the African American children's saying "I said it. I meant it. And I'm here to represent it" (meaning what I said is on the record (I'm documenting it). I stand by what I've said and i'll back up what I said with my fist (or other aggression) if I have to.

**
3. These sayings are added to the end of most sentences in some forms of AAVE as unconscious habit without the speakers being consciously aware of it (without realizing that they are saying it). The speaker isn't really asking a question and doesn't wait for any acknowledgement from the listener that he or she "knows or understands (feels) what was said". Instead, the speaker continues talking until the end of another sentence where he or she is likely to repeat that same saying and this (I believe by force of habit) occurs again and again and again.  

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B. ONLINE QUOTES
1. from 
https://www.quora.com/Why-did-people-start-saying-you-know-what-Im-saying-Is-there-any-history-behind-this-expression-or-did-it-just-come-out-naturally-and-become-a-phrase-we-use-now-days-without-knowing-its-history

Amar Jondhalekar, 2023

"The origin of the phrase "you know what I'm saying" is unclear, but it likely evolved as a way for speakers to check if their audience is following along with what they're saying or to emphasize their point. It's often used as a conversational filler, allowing the speaker to pause briefly while still keeping the flow of the conversation going."
-snip-
I agree with the first two points but mostly disagree that these sayings are used in AAVE as "conversation fillers". Here's some information about "conversation fillers" from https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/filler-word
… "What are filler words?

Filler words, or discourse markers, are words, phrases or sounds that fill up space in writing or conversation without adding substance. Here are some common types of filler words:

Filler words in speaking

Filler words allow speakers time to pause and consider what to say next. Used as an alternative to silence, filler words let the listener know that you have more to say, even if you need a moment before you continue. Often, speakers develop habits of using the same filler words when they need to organize their thoughts.”…
-snip-
Most examples of filler words in this article occur at the beginning of a sentence or in the middle of a sentence (words such as "ah", "like", okay"). However, that article gives one example of "You know" and "right" that are used at the end of a sentence.  Here's the 
The example for "you know" -"I always save everything just in case, you know?"...

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