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Sunday, May 31, 2015

Different Versions Of Barrington Levy's "Here I Come" ("Broader Than Broadway")

Edited by Azizi Powell

Latest revision-Feb. 21, 2023

This pancocojams post showcases a video of and song lyrics for Barrington Levy's 1985 Reggae classic "Here I Come". That song is also known as "Broader Than Broadway". Information about "Here I Come" and a summary of this song are also included in this post.

As shown below, versions of stage performances of "Here I Come" by Barrington Levy include additional verses for this song, including the line "I took the "s" off of Superman's chest and the "b" off of Batman's belly."

The contents of this post are presented for cultural, entertainment, and aesthetic purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to Barrington Levy for his musical legacy. Thanks also to all those who are quoted in this post and thanks to the publisher of this video on YouTube.
-snip-
Click http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2015/06/junior-tucker-dont-test-video-lyrics.html for a pancocojams post about Junior Tucker's 1990 record "Don't Test". That record includes the lines "s from Superman's chest & b from Batman's belly". Those lines are from Barrington Levy's free style version of "Here I Come".

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INFORMATION ABOUT THE REGGAE SONG "HERE I COME"
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrington_Levy
"Barrington Ainsworth Levy (born 30 April 1964)[1] is a Jamaican reggae and dancehall artist.

...[As a result of] a British hit album called Here I Come; Levy received the Best Vocalist prize at the British Reggae Awards in 1984.[2] The late 1980s saw Levy, now in his twenties, slow down his recorded output, though he continued to perform and record regularly, and played at Sunsplash every year from 1987 to 1995."...

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From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Here_I_Come_(album)
"Here I Come is a reggae album by Barrington Levy. The music was recorded at Channel One Studios in Kingston, Jamaica. It was released in 1985 on LP on Time I Records,[1] and once again in 1988 on CD.

The album was well-received, with Jack Barron of Sounds giving it a three and three-quarter star rating, calling it "a deviously diverting record".[1]
The track "Here I Come," from this album, is featured in Saints Row 2 and Grand Theft Auto San Andreas.

The track "Here I Come" was also sampled on "Harlem World" from the album Return to the 36 Chambers: The Dirty Version by Ol' Dirty Bastard produced by Big Dore."...

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SUMMARY OF "HERE I COME"
"Here I Come" focuses on the exploits of a man about town who brags about his sexual prowess ("I'm broader than broadway", "extra size", "all of the woman are posse for me"*), but also shares the problems he has with his woman Rosie, and his woman Simone (if these aren't the same woman.)
Similar to the lyrics to folk songs, there are different versions of Barrington Levy's "Here I Come". YouTube publishers have given those versions the titles "Sweet Love", "Come", or
In some versions, the woman who asks him to come make love to her already has a daughter and wants a son. In other versions, the woman already has a son and wants a daughter.

The lines "I took the "s" off of Superman's chest/and the "b" off of Batman's belly" and one of its subsequent rhyming lines** isn't found in the "Here I Come" record, but appears to be sung in many of the stage performances of that song.

*All of the women are my posse (posse- a person's close friends; in this case, the women who the man calls his own)

** The line that follows "b from Batman's belly" is sometimes "Now I'm making love most consciously" and sometimes "That’s how I get the name “Barrington Levy”.

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LYRICS: Barrington Levy - Here I Come (Broader than Broadway)

Here's a trnscription to Barrington Levy's "Here I Come" that is found at http://www.jah-lyrics.com/index.php?songid=622. That transcription doesn't include the beginning scatting words.

HERE I COME
(Barrington Levy)

On the intercom Rosie tell me to come,
Said she didn't have a daughter, she did have a son,
She said the lift doesn't work, run up the stairs and come,
And if you don't come quick, you're not gonna see your son,
So I grab a bunch of rose, and I started to run,
Here I come! Whaoh!

Two months later she said come and get your son,
'Cause I don't want your baby to come tie me down,
Because you are old, and I am young,
Yes while I'm young, yes I wanna have some fun,
Run me down! Whaoh, seen!

I'm broad, I'm broad,
I'm broader than Broadway.
Yes I'm broad, I'm broad,
I'm broader than Broadway.

When you go to volcano, it's like a stage show,
You have man that sling, DJ, and blow,
Pull it down the radio.. ooh.. seen!

On the intercom Rosie tell me to come,
Said she didn't have a daughter she did have a son,
She said the lift doesn't work, run up the stairs and come,
And if you don't come quick, you're not gonna see your son,
So I grab a bunch of rose, and I started to run,
Here I come! whaoh!

Two months later she said come and get your son,
'Cause I don't want your baby to come tie me down,
Because you are old, and I am young,
Yes while I'm young, yes I want to have some fun,
Run me down! Whaoh, seen!

Extra size, extra size, extra sizer than sizeway.
Extra broad, extra broad, extra broader than broadway.

On the intercom Rosie tell me to come,
Said she didn't have a daughter, she did have a son,
Here I come! Whaoh, seen!

Cause I'm broad, I'm broad,
I'm broader than Broadway.
Yes I'm broad, I'm broad,
I'm broader than Broadway.

Over the ocean and over the sea,
All of the girls dem are pose for me! (ohh.. wheee!)
Whaoh, seen!

On the intercom Rosie tell me to come,
Said she didn't have a daughter, she did have a son,
She said the lift doesn't work, run up the stairs and come,
'Cause if you don't come quick you're not gonna see your son,
So I grab a bunch of roses, and I started to run,
Here I come! Whaoh!

Two months later she said come and get your son,
'Cause I don't want your baby to come tie me down,
Because you are old, and I am young,
Yes while I'm young, yes I want to have some fun,
Run me down! Whaoh, seen!

Cause I'm broad, I'm broad,
I'm broader than Broadway.
yes I'm broad, I'm broad,
I'm broader than Broadway.

Over the ocean and over the sea,
All of the girls dem are pose for me! (ohh.. wheee!)
Whaoh, seen!
-snip-
The lift doesn't work= The elevator is broken.

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Example #2: Barrington Levy - Here I Come (Broader than Broadway)



Bryan Hamilton, Uploaded on Jun 4, 2010

One of the great success stories of the '80s, Barrington Levy, arrived on the dancehall scene and swiftly remodeled it in his own image. Although numerous DJs and vocalists would rise and fall during this decade, Levy was one of the few with staying power, and he continued releasing massive hits well into the '90s. Born in 1964 in Clarendon, Jamaica
-snip-
These lyrics differ from those given above. Barrington assigns numbers to Part II and Part III.
Part I: given similarly as above, without the repeated verses.

Part II: (lyrics given in a comment from Abdalla Taha , 2013 in this video's discussion thread)
"On the telephone, she heard my voice Tell me to pick her up in my Rolls Royce If my Rolls Royce is not for ladies Then girl I'm gonna take you in my Mercedes If my Mercedes will not fill up with the disease Then girl I'm gonna take in my Firebird If Firebird cannot take the curb Girl put your ass in the damn Metro bus.
-snip-
There's an additional line after the word "Metro Bus" but I can't decipher it.

Part III: [my transcription]
During making love the girl tell me to come
Says she want a daughter
‘Cause she already have a son
and if I don’t come quick
I can forget it
So I draw for me ginseng and I take one sip
Shoulda see me just ah gallop like a horse a get whip,
Come quick, woh a oh

she said you are love and not another
Though some men change but you will never
She said you my lover and not another
Though some men change but you will never.
For I love a love love love you love you forever.
Sweet, sweet love yes she gives me forever.
She give me love, love, love, love, love, love forever-
She give me love, love, love, love, lovee, love forever, yeeah,
Stop it!

I just reached the airport
And I buy ah ticket
The airport commander said that I got to be quick
I reach ah jet star, I’ve a telex
I was talkin to my next door neighbor* her name is Paulette.
Simone hear that and Simone get vexed.
All of a sudden she draw for her ex.
But her ex couldn’t kiss
And he couldn’t caress.
Due to how he freebase, he didn’t have a chest.
She have to confess that I am the best.
‘Cause a me take an “s” off of Superman’s chest.
And take off the “b” off of Batman’s belly
And now we makin love more consciously.
He say come come come come

[This video ends. But the words after that are found in the video given as Example #3 below]
"Come, come, come, ah we na come!
Come come yah we na come ah.
Come, come, come, come, we nah come come come"
-snip-
"vex" = Jamaican Patois for "angry", "annoyed"

*Read the correction sent in by Anonymous (January 2, 2016) below.

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Example #3: Barrington Levy - Come



dubskinz, Published on Jan 1, 2010

Original Ragga Muffin
-snip-
Read the lyrics with the "Come" verses.

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Example #4: "BARRINGTON LEVY"- "She Give Me Love" **LIVE**



kerup yungodee Uploaded on Apr 16, 2011
she give me love
-snip-
Here's my transcription of these lyrics. Additions and corrections are welcome.

Ye ah oh oowe Yoh woh woh
Come, come, come, come, come, come
Ah we nah come.
Come, come, come, ah we na come!
Come come yah we na come ah.
Come, come, come, come, we nah come come come
Durin making love the girl tell me to come
Says she want a daughter
‘Cause she already have a son.
and if I don’t come quick
I can forget it.
So I draw for me ginseng and I take one sip.
Shoulda see me just ah gallop like a horse a get whip,
Come quick, woo oo woo.

She said you are love and not another
Though some men change but you will never.
She said you my lover and not another.
Though some men change but you will never.
For I love you love you love you forever.
Sweet, sweet love yes she gives me forever.
She give me love, love, love, love, lovee, love forever.-
She give me love, love, love, love, lovee, love forever, yeeah,
Stop it!

I just reached the airport
And I buy ah ticket
The airport commander said that
d
i airport mi land on said that was Gatwick*
I reach ah jet star, type a telex ***
I was talkin to my next girl, her name is Paulette.**
Simone hear that and Simone get vexed.
All of a sudden she draw for her ex.
But her ex couldn’t kiss
And he couldn’t caress.
Due to how he freebase, he didn’t have a chest.
She have to confess that I am the best.
‘Cause a me take an “s” off of Superman’s chest.
And take off the “b” off of Batman’s belly
That’s how I get the name “Barrington Levy”.
You take [clip ends with music chords]


* line corrected to "di airport me land on said that was Gatwick" by three commenters from 2019 to 2022.  Thanks! (Does that line still include the words "The airport commander said that" ?)

**correction given by Anonymous January 2, 2016. 

***correction given by Anonymous Feb. 21, 2023. Thanks Anonymous. "Telex" was an early version of the fax machine" Read the entire comment below. 

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Visitor comments are welcome.

Gospel Classics: Clara Ward Singers - "Packing Up "(information, lyrics, videos, comments)

Edited by Azzi Powell

This is an updated version of a 2013 pancocojams post about this Gospel song.

This post showcases five video examples of the Gospel song "Packin' Up" (also known as "Packing Up Getting Ready To Go"). Four of these videos feature the Clara Ward Singers and one video features Marion Williams & the Stars Of Faith singing "Packin' Up". Marion Williams is the soloist in all of these examples.

In addition to the videos, information about the Clara Ward Singers, song lyrics, and selected comments from some of these videos' discussion threads are also included in this post.

The content of this post is presented for religious and aesthetic purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to Clara Ward for composing "Packin Up" and thanks to the musical legacy of the Clara Ward Singers and the Stars Of Faith singers. Thanks also to all those quoted in this post, and thanks to the publishers of these videos on YouTube.

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INFORMATION ABOUT THE CLARA WARD SINGERS
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara_Ward
"Clara Ward (April 21, 1924 – January 16, 1973)[1][2] was an American gospel artist who achieved great artistic and commercial success in the 1940s and 1950s, as leader of The Famous Ward Singers.

A gifted singer and arranger, Ward adopted the lead-switching style, previously used primarily by male gospel quartets, creating opportunities for spontaneous improvisation and vamping by each member of the group, while giving virtuoso singers such as Marion Williams the opportunity to perform the lead vocal in songs such as "Surely, God Is Able" (among the first million-selling gospel hits), "How I Got Over" (composed by Williams, and one of the most famous songs in the Black gospel repertoire), and "Packin' Up".

Clara Ward's mother, Gertrude Ward (1901–1981), founded the Ward Singers in 1931 as a family group, then called, variously, The Consecrated Gospel Singers or The Ward Trio, consisting of herself, her youngest daughter Clara, and her elder daughter, Willarene ("Willa").

Clara Ward recorded her first solo song in 1940, and continued accompanying the Ward Gospel Trio, thereafter.

The Ward Singers began touring nationally in 1943, following a memorable appearance at the National Baptist Convention held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, earlier that year. Henrietta Waddy joined the group in 1947, after Willa Ward retired. Waddy brought to the group a "rougher" alto sound and the enthusiastic stage manners learned from her South Carolina church background. The group's performance style, such as the mimed packing of suitcases as part of the song "Packin' Up", condemned by some gospel music purists as "clowning", was wildly popular with their audiences.

The addition of Marion Williams, who arose of the Miami, Florida Pentecostal tradition brought to the group a powerful singer with a preternaturally broad range, able to reach the highest registers of the soprano range without losing either purity or volume, with the added ability to descend "growling low notes" in the style of a country preacher. Williams' singing style helped make the group nationally popular when they began recording in 1948."

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From Google Books The Golden Age of Gospel By Horace Clarence Boyer, p. 232
"Each of the five women [who were members of the Clara Ward Singers] was a powerful soloists, but none had the voice of [Marion] Williams, and none could weave a musical spell like she could. One of their most successful recordings was a remake of the Clara Ward song "Packing Up". The song deals with the preparation for meeting Jesus, and in performance, Williams would walk through the audience collecting as many as twenty purses. On her way back to the stage she would return each purse to their rightful owners to the amazement and delight of the audience."

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LYRICS: PACKIN' UP
(Clara Ward)

Chorus:
I am on my way to new Jerusalem,
where the sun will never go down.
Everyday I'm making preparations,
gettin' ready to go,
gettin' ready to go;
I'm packing up, gettin' ready to go.

Verse 1:
Gettin' ready to go,
gettin' ready to go,
gettin' ready to go,
gettin' ready to go.

Gettin' ready to go,
gettin' ready to go,
gettin' ready to go,
gettin' ready to go.

Got my sword, Got my shield
got my ticket, Signed and sealed
gettin' ready to go,
gettin' ready to go;
I'm packing up, gettin' ready to go.


Verse 2:
Gettin' ready to go,
gettin' ready to go,
gettin' ready to go,
gettin' ready to go.

Gettin' ready to go,
gettin' ready to go,
gettin' ready to go,
gettin' ready to go.

When the wheel begins to turn,
and the fire begins to burn;
gettin' ready to go
gettin' ready to go,
I'm packing up gettin' ready to go.

Bridge:
Packing, packing,
yes, I'm packing.

Vamp 1:
Packing up, packing up.
(repeat as desired)

Gettin' ready to go
gettin' ready to go,
I'm packing up gettin' ready to go.

Bridge

Vamp 2:
Packing up,
gettin' ready to go.
(repeat as desired)

Gettin' ready to go
gettin' ready to go,
I'm packing up gettin' ready to go.

Vamp 3:
Packing up,
I'm packing up.


Source: http://www.music-lyrics-gospel.com/gospel_music_lyrics/packing_up_13541.asp

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FEATURED EXAMPLES
These examples are presented in chronological order based on their posting date with the oldest date given first.

Example #1: Clara Ward Singers- Packin Up



DaSourcespr06·Uploaded on May 7, 2008

The original version of the song "Packing Up", feat. Marion Williams, 1958.
-snip-
Selected comments:
Jeff H, 2008
"Amen! This is a gospel music classic!"

**
joko9395, 2008
"One of our choir directors used to play for them and he said when they started singing about packin up they broke out with suitcases."

**
blessedover, 2008
"she would take anything she could get her hands on and be hitting high notes all over the church for about a whole minute and when I say hit every note right my Lord"

**
DYNODRUM, 2008
"Thankyou: Love these post .Great stuff -but have to say -LITTLE RICHARD got his HIGH NOTES from here......."

**
TheSoulman44, 2011
Reply
"yes little richard always acknowledged marion williams for that high note . i saw him on the kennedy honors telling her that in tribute to her"

**
77miracles, 2009
"Clara always made such good studio recordings that had that "live" feel to them, when Marion would sing this live, she would basically try to copy this studio recording~~and of course, grab a woman's purse and run down the aisle with it packing it like a suitcase!"

**
George Graves, 2009
"Having seen All and I do mean ALL of the gospel greats perform from James Cleveland, Alex Bradford, The Davis Sisters, The Caravans, The Harmonettes, The Ward Singers, The Stars of Faith,The Raspberry Singers,Andrae Crouch, Walter Hawkins, Bobby Jones, Richard Smallwood, The Winans, BeBe & CeCe.and virtually all of the quartets, Clara Ward was #1 when it came to performing."

**
Gary Wood, 2010
"And not only are the women in white carrying their pursie books, the women seated have their hats on their heads and their pursie books in their laps. PRAISE GOD!!"

**
myneecee, 2010
..."in those days the centers and buildings blacks rented to have revivals and such, they couldn't use coat rooms or the other facilities that were extended to white patrons so everything you brought in with you , you also had to carry in hand.if you had noticed that was not a church.SORRY-ONE WHO KNOWS"

**
shannonluv112, 2012
"Yes, yes, yes!!! I can hear my late grandmother leading this and hitting those high notes on the church choir as a young girl down south. Those were the days! Oh, how I miss them!"

**
smcjones1978, 2012
"I just love these old songs!!!"

stars2luv, 2013
"Yeah!! Packin up to get to Canaan land! :)"

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Example #2: Marion Williams and the Marion Williams Singers 1965 part 4

thejazzsingers, Uploaded on Apr 2, 2010

Traveling Shoes and Packing Up later more enjoy it !

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Example #3: Marion Williams - Packing Up Mahalia Jackson tribute



blessedover, Published on Sep 11, 2012

carnegie hall [1975]

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Example #4: Marion Williams "Packin' Up" - Hootenanny 1963



HistoricFilmsArchive, Published on Jan 18, 2013

The fabulous Marion Williams & the Stars of Faith perform an intensely lively version of "Packin' Up" on Hootenanny 1963.

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Example #5: Marion Williams & Stars Of Faith - Packin' Up (Live)



MARIONWILLIAMSVEVO, Published on Sep 25, 2014

Music video by Marion Williams & Stars Of Faith performing Packin' Up (Live).

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Four Video Examples Of The Zimbabwe Hymn "Ishe Ndinzwe Nokufara"

Edited by Azizi Powell

This post presents examples of video examples Of a Zimbabwe hymn "Ishe Ndinzwe Nokufara". This hymn's title is also given as "Ishe Ndinzwe Nekufara".

Information about the Shona language and the Shona lyrics for this song are also included in this post. An English translation of those lyrics would be greatly appreciated.

The content of this post is presented for cultural, religious, and aesthetic purposes.

All copyright remains with their owners.

Thanks to the composer of this hymn. Thanks also to all those who are featured in videos shown in this post and thanks to all those who are quoted in this post and the publishers of these examples on YouTube.

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INFORMATION ABOUT THE SHONA LANGUAGE
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shona_language
"Shona... or chiShona, is a Bantu language, native to the Shona people of Zimbabwe…
Shona is a principal language of Zimbabwe, along with Ndebele and the official business language, English. Shona is spoken by a large percentage of the people in Zimbabwe. Other countries that host Shona language speakers include Botswana and Mozambique"...

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From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_languages
The Bantu language with the largest total number of speakers is Swahili; however, the majority of its speakers know it as a second language. According to Ethnologue, there are over 180 million L2 (second-language) speakers, but only about 45 million native speakers.[5]

According to Ethnologue, Shona is the most widely spoken as a first language, with 10.8 million speakers (or 14.2 million if Manyika and Ndau are included), followed closely by Zulu, with 10.3 million. Ethnologue separates the largely mutually intelligible Kinyarwanda and Kirundi, but, if grouped together, they have 12.4 million speakers

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LYRICS (SHONA LANGUAGE)
From https://www.facebook.com/nziyodzeafm/posts/206817866106723 June 14, 2012 Nziyo dzeChishona

Ishe Ndinzwe Nokufara

1.
Ishe ndinzwe nekufara
Ndinzwe netsitsi dzako
Dzaunopa vanhu vose
Ngadziuye pandiri, pandiri.

2.
Rega kundisiya, Baba,
Kana ndiri mutadzi,
Ndinokuipa pamwoyo,
Asi uya pandiri, pandiri.

3.
Uya pano, Muponisi!
Ngandichengetwenewe;
Kana uchindishevedza,
Ndichauya kwauri, kwauri.

4.
Mweya Mutsvenewa Mwari!
Rega kundipfuura,
Ngandione ndiri bofu,
Taurai izwi resimba, resimba.

5.
Rudo rwako Mwari Baba,
RoparaIshe wangu,
Nokuwadzana KwoMweya.
Kungavepo kwandiri, kwandiri

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REQUEST FOR ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF THIS SONG AND OTHER SHONA SONGS
Unfortunately, I don't speak Shona or any other language except English. While there are several video examples of this song and online lyrics for these songs in the Shona language, I've been unable to find any online English translations (or Spanish or French lyrics which can be translated to English via Google translate) for this or any other Shona Gospel song. Having an English translation, or at least an English translation of the title and summary of Shona songs would add to my (and I'm sure many others') appreciation of these songs.

UPDATE March 22, 2016: Thanks to Vivian Maravanyika for posting an English translation of this song in the comment section below. Your help is greatly appreciated!

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FEATURED EXAMPLES
These videos are presented in chronological order based on their publishing date on YouTube with the oldest dated video given first.

Example #1: Ishe ndinzwe nekufara.mp4



mtapemunya, Uploaded on Sep 23, 2011

AFM Worship team 2011
-snip-
"AFM" = Apostolic Faith Mission, part of the Christian Pentecostal demonination
-snip-
Here's a comment from this video's discussion thread:
Judalo J, 2013
"i love this hymn thank u for posting it ,it uplifts my soul weneva m down
-snip-
"weneva m down"= whenever I am down (sad).

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Example #2: ISHE NDINZWE NOKUFARA - Methodist Church Zimbabwe Fellowship - UK



Naison Bangure Published on Oct 14, 2013
-snip-
Selected comments:
dashing 16, 2013
"Where in UK is this???"

**
Naison Bangure, 2013
@ Dashing 16, this was at a Conference heldbin Derbyshire. Participants came from Fellowship branches countrywide.

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Example #3: Ishe Ndinzwe by Richard Chimbetete & D28



Richard Chimbetete, Published on Apr 5, 2015
From the album One more move
-anip-
The video that was previously given for Example #3 is no longer available. I added this video on March 22, 2016.

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Example #4: Ishe Ndinzwe Nekufara by Dr A Madziyire



Judah Danda, Published on Jan 27, 2015

The Apostolic Faith Mission
-snip-
Is Dr. A Madziyire the composer of this hymn?

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Thursday, May 28, 2015

Namibian band Ozondundu Zakambekura - "Onxi Orujano" & "Ozoseua"

Edited by Azizi Powell

This post showcases showcases two videos of the Namibian band Ozondundu Zakambekura. This post also includes selected comments from these video's YouTube discussion threads, including some English translations and explanations for the song "Ozoseua".

The content of this post is presented for cultural, entertainment, and aesthetic purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to Ozondundu Zakambekura, to the producers of these video, these videos' publishers, and to all those who are quoted in this post.

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INFORMATION ABOUT NAMIBIA
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia
"Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia... is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Although it does not border with Zimbabwe, less than 200 meters of riverbed (essentially the Zambia/Botswana border) separates them at their closest points. It gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek."

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INFORMATION ABOUT THE HERERO ETHNIC GROUP
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herero_people
"The Herero are an ethnic group inhabiting parts of Southern Africa. The majority reside in Namibia, with the remainder found in Botswana and Angola. About 240,000 members are alive today[citation needed]. They speak the Herero language which belongs to the Bantu languages."
-snip-
The Herero language is Otjiherero http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herero_language

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INFORMATION ABOUT OVIRITJE MUSIC
My guess is that Ozondundu Zakambekura performs Oviritje music. Here's information about that music genre from http://www.myspace.com/oviritje1 *
“Contemporary Oviritje music is local Namibian music that originated with the Otjiherero speaking people but has now become international music. Oviritje started in the 1960s and was created by the great Dr. Kareke Henguva with the help of Peterson “Omzulu” Van Samb and Mr “Don’t Go” Kazohua”. The influence of the Chicolela Production Crew with the help of NBC radio, especially the Otjiherero radio station & Umulunga radio station should also not be forgotten. Prominent local bands that perform this music are Minora, Bullet, Millenium, Ovikango, Tjitjekura, and The Wild Dogs. And there are many other bands that perform Oviritje music."

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SHOWCASE VIDEOS
These videos are presented in chronological order by their publishing date with the video with the oldest date given first.

Example #1: Onxi orujano.mkv



Erwin Bebeto Kaihiva, Uploaded on Jul 27, 2010
-snip-
The sub- titles in the beginning of this video were
"inxi orujano" and "Ozondundu Zakambekura"
-snip-
Selected comments:
Erwin Bebeto Kaihiva, 2011
"The language is Otjiherero and the group's name is Ozondundu za Kambekura, they are based in Namibia. Drop me your e-mail address if you need more info."

**
williaDemartin, 2011
"guyz the language is erero, from namibia, the lady sings with okivango group.. please see another productions of her on you tube...ummm
1:Onxi orujano.mkv
2:ovikango Ally.. almost 17 years in this video..
3:ovikango concert goup(erero buae) ..she was almost 16yrs
guyz this woman is the Africa queen , class of brenda fassie.. guyz watch she is a prideof namibia.. thy put other people on the video though vocals will be from her.. idendify with a mark on the shoulder."

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Example #2: Ozoseua - Namibian Music (Namtunes)



NamTunes, Uploaded on Nov 30, 2011

Namibian Music http://namtunes.com Ozoseua (Namtunes)
-snip-
The sub-titles at the beginning of this video were "Ozondundu Zaramberura" and "Ozozewa". Given the comment about this group's name that was posted with the last video, I'm assuming that the group's name was spelled wrong. I'm also assuming that "Ozozewa" is another way (or perhaps the wrong way) of spelling the word "ozoseua".

**
Tom Rose, 2011
"Great song. She's singing about ozosewa (orphans), and those who have passed away."

**
teheli monare, 2013
"What a song! I always listen to these Herero songs, the most amazing thing about them, the vids clearly indicate the message even if one cant get it from the words"

**
Tom Rose, 2013
"I've seen a lot of requests for translations so I'll try to give a little insight. The song is title Ozoseua, meaning orphans. I only spent a couple years in Namibia with this tribe so I'm not an expert in the language, but from what I hear, it sounds like she's talking about;
orphans in general
specific orphans she knows
how she herself is an orphan due to her father's death
praise for her friends and her village, ovitoto

I'll make another post where I translate a verse as an example"

**
Tom Rose, 2013
"1 year ago
0:45-1:15
Ami mba riri, mba tjeme, mba uru otja ondana koina (ongombona kongombo) (2x)
I cried, I moaned, I shouted like a calf to its mother (kid to a goat)
Ami hi na hi tji me riri, me riri ovanatje (ovakwetu) ozosewa (2x)
I don't have anything I'm crying about, I'm crying for the orphan children (orphans of our people)
Ovengi va ya va karara, ovanatje va isiwa ozosewa (2x)
Many have left and gone to sleep, the children were left as orphans"

**
FOLLAN, 2015
"She is orphan and she is singing also about the others that are orphans...she lost lost his, the song is all about that."

**
christopher nekongo, 2015
"Ozoseua- Means orphan in otjiherero vanacular language.
glad to see her doing her thang.salute you viyanda from A. shipena S.S."
-snip-
“vanacular” probably means “vernacular”

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Wednesday, May 27, 2015

Donnie Mcclurkin - Caribbean Medley ("I Got My Mind Made Up" & Other Jamaican Gospel Songs)

Edited by Azizi Powell

This post showcases a video of and lyrics for a medley of Jamaican Gospel songs that are performed by African American Gospel singer Donnie McClurkin and his choir.

The content of this post is presented for religious and aesthetic purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to the composers of these religious songs and thanks to Donnie McClurkin and his choir for performing them. Thanks also to all those who are quoted in this post and thanks to the publisher of this video on YouTube.

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LYRICS: JAMAICAN GOSPEL MEDLEY
(as performed by Donnie McClurkin and choir)

I've got my mind made up and I won't turn back
Because I want to see my Jesus someday
I've got my mind made up and I won't turn back
Because I want to see my Jesus someday

I've got my mind made up and I won't turn back
Because I want to see my Jesus someday
I've got my mind made up and I won't turn back
Because I want to see my Jesus someday

Goodbye world, I stay no longer with you
Goodbye pleasures of sin, I stay no longer with you
I've made up my mind to go God's way the rest of my life
I've made up my mind to go God's way the rest of my life

Goodbye world, I stay no longer with you
Goodbye pleasures of sin, I stay no longer with you
I've made up my mind to go God's way the rest of my life
I've made up my mind to go God's way the rest of my life

Born, born, born again thank God, I'm born again
Born, born, born again thank God, I'm born again
Born, born, born again thank God, I'm born again
Born, born, born again thank God, I'm born again

Born of the water, spirit and the blood thank God, I'm born again
Born of the water, spirit and the blood thank God, I'm born again
Born of the water, spirit and the blood thank God, I'm born again
Born of the water, spirit and the blood thank God, I'm born again

I've got my mind made up and I won't turn back
Because I want to see my Jesus someday
I've got my mind made up and I won't turn back
Because I want to see my Jesus someday

I am under the rock, the rock that's higher than I
Jehovah hides me, I am under the rock
Go tell my enemies, I am under the rock
Jehovah hide me, I am under the rock

Jesus name so sweet, Emanuel name so sweet
Jesus name so sweet, Emanuel name so sweet
Jesus name so sweet, Emanuel name so sweet
Jesus name so sweet, Emanuel name so sweet

Every rock, me rock upon Jesus Jesus' name so sweet
Every rock, me rock upon Jesus Jesus' name so sweet
Every rock, me rock upon Jesus Jesus' name so sweet
Every rock, me rock upon Jesus Jesus' name so sweet

I've got my mind made up and I won't turn back
Because I want to see my Jesus someday
I've got my mind made up and I won't turn back
Because I want to see my Jesus someday

Oh, I want to see Him, look upon His face
There, to sing forever of His saving grace
On the streets of glory let me lift my voice
Cares are past, home at last, ever to rejoice

Yes, I want to see Him, wanna look upon His face
There, to sing forever of His saving grace
On the streets of glory let me lift my voice
Cares are past, home at last, ever to rejoice

I've got my mind made up and I won't turn back
Because I want to see my Jesus someday
I've got my mind made up and I won't turn back
Because I want to see my Jesus someday

I've got my mind made up and I won't turn back
Because I want to see my Jesus someday
I've got my mind made up and I won't turn back
Because I want to see my Jesus someday

Fire, fire, fire, fire fall on me
Fire, fire, fire, fire fall on me
On the day of Pentecost, the fire fall on me
On the day of Pentecost, the fire fall on me
Fire, fire, fire, fire fall on me

Source: http://www.metrolyrics.com/caribbean-medley-lyrics-donnie-mcclurkin.html

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SHOWCASE VIDEO: Caribbean Medley



TheFabriekjes .Herman Fabriek, Published on Jun 4, 2013

Music
"Caribbean Medley" by Donnie McClurkin (AmazonMP3)
-snip-
The word "Guanines" that was given in the video sub-titles is supposed to be Guyanese - people from Guyana, South America.

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Tuesday, May 26, 2015

Distinctive Black Names: Excerpt From "A Roshanda by Any Other Name" Article (with my comments)

Edited by Azizi Powell

This pancocojams post presents an excerpt of the 2005 article "A Roshanda by Any Other Name" by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner.

Name lists that were linked to that 2005 article are found in Addendum #1 of this post. My comments about the names that are listed and the name "Roshanda" are given in Addendum #2 of this post. Those comments point out how the names of Black celebrities & other mass media indices influence and reflect the popularities of certain Black names.

It's important to emphasize that no name belongs exclusively to any particular race or ethnicity. Names that are labeled "Black names" or "White names" may be given to a child of any race or ethnicity.

This post is part of an ongoing series on distinctive African American names and naming practices. Other posts in this series can be accessed by clicking the "distinctive African American names" tab below.

The content of this post is presented for cultural, sociological, and linguistic purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner for writing the article that is featured in this post. Thanks also to Steven D. Levitt and Roland G. Fryer Jr. whose research was the topic of that article. Thanks also to abagond for publishing the list from that research of popular names by race, and thanks to all others who are quoted in this post.

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EXCERPT: "A ROSHANDA BY ANY OTHER NAME"
From http://www.slate.com/articles/business/the_dismal_science/2005/04/a_roshanda_by_any_other_name.2.html
"How do babies with super-black names fare?"

By Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner

...These are the sort of questions [about the influence of a person's name on his or her life choices] that led to "The Causes and Consequences of Distinctively Black Names," a research paper written by a white economist (Steven Levitt, a co-author of this article) and a black economist (Roland G. Fryer Jr., a young Harvard scholar who studies race). The paper acknowledged the social and economic gulf between blacks and whites but paid particular attention to the gulf between black and white culture. Blacks and whites watch different TV shows, for instance; they smoke different cigarettes. And black parents give their children names that are starkly different than white children's.

The names research was based on an extremely large and rich data set: birth-certificate information for every child born in California since 1961. The data covered more than 16 million births. It included standard items like name, gender, race, birthweight, and the parents' marital status, as well as more telling factors: the parents' ZIP code (which indicates socioeconomic status and a neighborhood's racial composition), their means of paying the hospital bill for the birth (again, an economic indicator), and their level of education.

The California data establish just how dissimilarly black and white parents have named their children over the past 25 years or so—a remnant, it seems, of the Black Power movement. The typical baby girl born in a black neighborhood in 1970 was given a name that was twice as common among blacks than whites. By 1980, she received a name that was 20 times more common among blacks. (Boys' names moved in the same direction but less aggressively—likely because parents of all races are less adventurous with boys' names than girls'.) Today, more than 40 percent of the black girls born in California in a given year receive a name that not one of the roughly 100,000 baby white girls received that year. Even more remarkably, nearly 30 percent of the black girls are given a name that is unique among every baby, white and black, born that year in California. (There were also 228 babies named Unique during the 1990s alone, and one each of Uneek, Uneque, and Uneqqee; virtually all of them were black.)

What kind of parent is most likely to give a child such a distinctively black name? The data offer a clear answer: an unmarried, low-income, undereducated, teenage mother from a black neighborhood who has a distinctively black name herself. Giving a child a super-black name would seem to be a black parent's signal of solidarity with her community—the flip side of the "acting white" phenomenon. White parents, meanwhile, often send as strong a signal in the opposite direction. More than 40 percent of the white babies are given names that are at least four times more common among whites....

So, what are the "whitest" names and the "blackest" names? Click here for the top 20 each for girls and here for the top 20 each for boys. (For the curious, we've also put together a list of the top 20 crossover names —the ones that blacks and whites are most likely to share.) [Editor: The links given in that article appear to be broken. However, those lists were published on a 1009 blog and appear in Addendum #1 below.]

....The data show that, on average, a person with a distinctively black name—whether it is a woman named Imani or a man named DeShawn—does have a worse life outcome than a woman named Molly or a man named Jake. But it isn't the fault of his or her name. If two black boys, Jake Williams and DeShawn Williams, are born in the same neighborhood and into the same familial and economic circumstances, they would likely have similar life outcomes. But the kind of parents who name their son Jake don't tend to live in the same neighborhoods or share economic circumstances with the kind of parents who name their son DeShawn. And that's why, on average, a boy named Jake will tend to earn more money and get more education than a boy named DeShawn. DeShawn's name is an indicator—but not a cause—of his life path."

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ADDENDUM #1: Lists of names that were linked to the article which is excerpted from the "A Roshanda By Any Other Name" article.

I believe those lists are the same as the ones that are included in the 2008 blog post "Top American Baby Names By Race" https://abagond.wordpress.com/2008/06/03/top-american-baby-names-by-race/

BOYS
Blackest
Darnell
DeAndre
DeShawn
Malik
Marquis
Terrell
Trevon
Tyrone

Neutral
Adrian
Anthony
Edward
Ian
Jonathan
Julian
Mark
Richard

Whitest
Cody
Connor
Dustin
Jack
Jake
Luke
Tanner
Wyatt

GIRLS
Blackest
Aaliyah
Deja
Diamond
Ebony
Imani
Nia
Precious
Shanice

Neutral
Alexis
Alyssa
Arianna
Elizabeth
Erica
Mia
Nadia
Victoria

Whitest
Amy
Claire
Emily
Emma
Katelyn
Katie
Madeline
Molly

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ADDENDUM #2:
PANCOCOJAMS EDITOR'S NOTE REGARDING THE LIST OF "BLACKEST NAMES FOR BOYS"
The names "Darnell" and "Terrell" are examples of the current popularity among African Americans of the "el" ending. However, I believe that the "el" suffix has decreased in popularity since the 1960s and 1970s. The suffix "el" is pronounced like the English letter "l".

**
The names "DeAndre" and "DeShawn" are examples of the current popularity of the prefix "de" among African Americans. "De" is pronounced "dee". Like many distinctive African American names, "DeAndre" and "DeShawn" have multiple spellings. A rather common form of the name "DeShawn" is "DaShawn" (with the "Da" prefix pronounced "day". "Day Day" is a familiar nickname for the name "DaShawn".

**
 Although I have no way of proving it, I believe that the current popularity among African Americans of "Shawn" ("Shaun") male and female names is in large part because of the popularity of the James Bond movies. Sean Connery was the first actor to play James Bond and those movies became megahits in the United States around the same time that more African Americans than ever before began rejecting "regular" names for names that were "different" and "unique". Changing "Sean" to "Shawn" or "Shaun" made that name look different. 

Also, changing the spelling of "Sean" to "Shawn" conformed to the phonic reading program that in the 1970s was being used to teach reading in American public schools.  Probably influenced by the phonic reading programs, the Hip Hop music/culture was big on changing words to more closely fit the way that they sounded (for example, the word "fat" was changed to "phat"). Therefore, the spelling "Shawn" or "Shaun" for "Sean" not only better met phonic's "sounding out words" instruction, but it made that name look and sound "hip".

**
 "Malik" is an Arabic/Swahili name that is usually translated as "Prince."

**
 "Marquis" is a status name which has been given to Black males for a long time.

**
The name "Trevon" has been much more well known because of the death of Trayvon Martin. "Trevon" likely was created by combining the word "tre" (from Spanish "tres" meaning "three" from Spanish "tres") with the name "Von" (a variant form of the name "Vaugn"). Consider the relatively common Black male name "Trey". "Tray" in the name "Trayvon" is a form of the name "Trey". However, neither "Trevon", "Trayvon", or "Trey" have to be the third male with that name in their family. (for example, the fictitious name "Vaughn Jackson, III".

**
 "Tyrone" is an example of a name that used to be considered a standard name among White Americans which is dropped by White people because (the perception is) that more Black people are using it.

Erykah Badu's song "Call Tyrone" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fDU-khOp1o) is relatively popular among a number of African Americans. That 1997 song probably reflects the increased Black usage of the Irish name "Tyrone" (and added to that usage) rather than being the impetus for African Americans' choosing that name for boys. The meaning of the name Tyrone (from Owen's territory) has less to do with the name than the association of that name with suave American movie actor Tyrone Power (1914-1958). That actor's last name may have also influenced the way that African Americans, if not other Americans, feel about the name "Tyrone".

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PANCOCOJAMS EDITOR'S NOTE REGARDING THE LIST OF "BLACKEST NAMES FOR GIRLS"
"Aaliyah" is an Arabic/Swahili name which became more well known among African Americans because of the Hip Hop recording artist "Aliyah".

**
The name "Deja" is pronounced "DAY-jah". In spite of its spelling, "Deja" isn't part of the rather large sub-category of distinctive African American names that being with the prefix "de". Note that that prefix is pronounced "dee". "Deja" is a newly created name that is probably a clip of the word "deja vu". However, the name "Deja" has no established meaning. "Deja" may be attractive to African Americans because it looks and sounds like what we think are "African" names for girls -with Arabic names included in that category- because it ends in the "ah" sound. Also, for what ever reason, "j" names and "j" sounds are big among African Americans.

**
"Diamond" and "Precious" are what I call "high regard" names- names that show how highly the child's family regards that child; how well they think of that child

**
"Ebony" is a female name whose popularity was probably greatly influenced by the Black oriented monthly magazine with that title.

**
"Imani" (pronunciation e-MAH-nee) is a Swahili name that is derived from the Arabic word "Iman". The name "Imani" (meaning "faith") is the seventh and last day (New Year's Day) of Kwanzaa, the cultural celebration observing African-American heritage. The name "Nia" (NEE-ah) also in large part owes its popularity among African Americans to the Kwanzaa holiday. "Nia" (purpose) is day five of Kwanzaa. Note that I believe that few African Americans actually celebrate Kwanzaa. Just like African Americans who aren't Muslim can have Arabic names, African Americans who don't celebrate Kwanzaa can have names that have been given to a principle that is honored during Kwanzaa.

**
"Shanice" ("sha-NEESE") is the only name of those lists of Black names that begins with the large sub-set of distinctive Black names that begin with the "Sha" or "Ch" prefix. The R&B singer "Shanice" has helped to popularize this name.

I think that the name "Shanice" is a member of the large family of names that derive from and have the same meaning as the male name "John" ("Shan" is a Irish variant form of the name "Shaun", meaning "beloved of God").

With the preface that words that are spelled the same may have different origins and meanings, I'd like to share this link for information about the Arabic male/female name "Shan" (also given as "Shaan" and other spellings: http://quranicnames.com/shaan/. It's possible that "Shanice" might have been been created as a variant form of the Swahili name "Shani" meaning "marvelous", but I doubt both of those derivations.

The suffixes "eese" and "ice"(both of which are pronounced the same)  have long been favored by African Americans for female names and male names. The birth name for the African American singer/actress Della Reese is "Delloreese". "Tyrese" is a male name that ends in "ese". R&B singer, songwriter, actor Tyrese Gibson helps to popularize that name. The fictional character "Tyreese" in in Walking Dead comic book series and television series reflects the popularity of that name and undoubtedly will increase that name's popularity.

**
As mentioned in the beginning of this post, no name belongs to any particular race or ethnicity. For example, "Annise", a name with the "ice" (eese) suffix, is the first name of Annise Parker, the Anglo-American mayor of the United State's fourth largest city - Houston, Texas.

**
The name "Roshanda":
My guess is that the female name "Roshanda" was coined by creatively "playing around with" the name "Shoshana". Here's information about the name "Shoshana" from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoshana
"Shoshana (Shoshanna(h))... is a Hebrew feminine first name. It is the name of at least two women in the Bible, and via Σουσάννα (Sousanna), it developed into such European names as Susanna, Susan, Susanne, Susana, Susannah, Suzanne, Suzie and Sanna. The original Hebrew form Shoshana, from which all these are ultimately derived, is still commonly used in contemporary Israel, often shortened to "Shosh" or "Shoshi". In Biblical times "shoshana" referred to a lily (from Lilium family); in modern Hebrew it is often understood as referring to a rose."
-end of quote-

The name "Roshanda" probably has nothing to do with the Yiddish name "Shanda" which means "shame" http://www.haruth.com/mw/shanda.htm" "IT’S A “SHANDA”" by Marjorie Gottlieb Wolfe
"In Yiddish, "shanda"/"shande" means "shame." And "shande far di kinder" means, literally, "a disgrace for the children.""

Hit series creator, screenwriter, director, producer Shonda Rhimes (born January 13, 1970)'s name may be a variant form of the name "Roshanda" or another name with the "anda" ending. "Shonda" is Ms. Rhimes first name and isn't an abbreviation of a longer name (Her full name is "Shonda Lynn Rhimes.")

The name "Roshanda" may (also) be a variant form of the name "Rolanda". Rolanda Watts was the host of the 1994-1997 daytime American television talk show that was named "Rolanda". Ms. Watt's father was named "Roland". That said, the suffix "anda" (pronounced "ahndah") doesn't mean "daughter of". And the suffixes "esha" and "isha" also don't mean "daughter of" as some commenters surmised in an early 2000s blog discussion thread on so-called Black "ghetto names". Like most prefixes and suffixes used by African Americans to create names, those elements don't mean anything. What is important is the way the name sounds and looks (i.e. is spelled) .

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Swahili & Igbo Names That Begin With "Sh" or "Ch"

Edited by Azizi Powell

Revised January 19, 2018

This post presents a partial list of traditional Swahili names and Igbo names that begin with "sh" or "ch". Information about the KiSwahili language and the Igbo language are also included in this post.

This post is part of an ongoing series on distinctive African American names and naming practices. Other posts in this series can be accessed by clicking the "distinctive African American names" tab below.

The content of this post is presented for historical, cultural, and linguistic purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post.

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EDITOR'S COMMENTS ABOUT THIS SERIES
This pancocojams series provides examples and comments about African American naming traditions, including my speculations about why many African Americans have preferred and, in some cases, still prefer certain prefixes and certain suffixes. For example, it's my premise that the large subset of 19th century and, in particular, 20th & 21st century distinctive Black (African American) names that begin with "sh" or "ch" can be at least partially explained by 1. the existence of a large number of Arabic names and traditional African language names that begin with one of those sounds, 2. the existence of pre-1960s mainstream American names and distinctive Black American names that begin with one of those sounds and 3. the mass media attention given to some people or products with those names from the 1970s on.

I was one of the African Americans in the late 1960s who was interested in finding lists of African names so that we could change our "slave names" (European or Hebrew language birth names) to "free names" (names from Arabic or traditional African languages.) In those early days of the Black power movement with its interest in African cultures there was no internet and lists of African names were hard to come by. I recall people in the Committee For Unified Newark, (the cultural nationalist group that I belonged to which eventually was headed by poet, playwright, activist Amiri Baraka, formerly Le Roi Jones), sharing mimeographed (reprinted) copies of African names that we happened to come by. Many of those names were from the Arabic language and others were from KiSwahili, which is largly based on Arabic.

Islam (and therefore the Arabic language) was introduced in northern Africa in the early 7th century, in East Africa by the 9th century, in West Africa in the 10th century, and into Central Africa ( Malawi and Congo) "in the second half of the nineteenth century under the Zanzibar Sultanate. Then the British brought their labor force from India, including some Muslim Indian nationals, to their African colonies towards the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Africa.

My theory is that early on African Americans developed a fondness for the "sh" or "ch" sound at least partly because of their memories of Arabic/traditional African names that begin with that sound, or have that sound within the name or at the end of the name (such as the "sha" suffix. prefix).

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, African Americans who were interested in changing their names to an African name were more likely to find Arabic names than any other African continent names. Those name were considered very acceptable "free names"* for afro-centric African Americans, whether we were Muslim or not. The conversion of several African American celebrities (particularly athletes and Jazz musicians) to Islam was one reason why Arabic names became known to African Americans. I'm not aware of any book of African names that was published before The Book of African Names (As Told by Chief Osuntoki) was published in 1970. In 1972 another book of African names was published - Names from Africa: Their Origin, Meaning, and Pronunciation by Ogonna Chuks-orji helped introduce African Americans to names from traditional African languages.

This post isn't meant to imply that the majority of distinctive African American names are from the Swahili language or the Igbo languages. In fact, only a small number of distinctive names that African Americans have are from Swahili, and very very few distinctive African American names are from the Igbo language.

Click http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2015/05/arabic-names-that-begin-with-sh-or-ch.html to read more about African Americans and Arabic names.

*"Free names" were names that weren't from European languages or from Hebrew (i.e. common "American names". Those names that were called "slave names".

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INFORMATION ABOUT THE KISWAHILI (SWAHILI) LANGUAGE
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_language
"The Swahili language, also known as Kiswahili, is a Bantu language and the first language of the Swahili people. It is a lingua franca of the African Great Lakes region and other parts of Southeast Africa, including Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Mozambique and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.[7] The closely related Comorian language, spoken in the Comoros Islands, is sometimes considered a dialect.

Although only around fifteen to fifty million people speak Swahili as their first language,[8] it is used as a lingua franca in much of Southeast Africa. Estimates of the total number of Swahili speakers vary widely, from 60 million to over 150 million.[9] Swahili serves as a national or official language of four nations: Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its dialects are used as official languages in Comoros - Shikomor and Mayotte - Shimaore. It is also one of the official languages of the African Union and East African Community.

A significant fraction of Swahili vocabulary is derived from Arabic through contact with Arabic-speaking Muslim inhabitants of the Swahili Coast.[10] It has also incorporated German, Portuguese, English, Hindustani and French words into its vocabulary through contact with empire builders, traders and slavers during the past five centuries."

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INFORMATION ABOUT THE IGBO LANGUAGE
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igbo_language
"Igbo ... is the principal native language of the Igbo people, an ethnic group of southeastern Nigeria. There are approximately 24 million speakers, who live mostly in Nigeria and are primarily of Igbo descent. Igbo is written in the Latin script, which was introduced by British colonialists. There are over 20 Igbo dialects. There is apparently a degree of dialect leveling occurring."

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SOME SWAHILI NAMES AND SOME IGBO NAMES THAT BEGIN WITH "SH" OR "CH"
Note: This lists aren't meant to be comprehensive.

The names are given in alphabetical order from each source. Each name is given only one although they may have been included in other sources given and elsewhere online or in print.

Note: These names may be pronounced differently in the United States as Americans usually emphasize the second syllable of each word, including names. I've found that many traditional African names use the same vowel sounds as in Spanish (a=ah, e=a, i=e, o=o, u=oo)

SWAHILI NAMES
Note: This list doesn't include examples based on Arabic names. Many of those names are included in the pancocojams post on Arabic names whose link is given above.]
From http://www.babynamescountry.com/origins/swahili_girl_baby_names3.html
[female names]
Shanee - a form of Shany
Shani - a form of Shany
Shanie - a form of Shany
Shanny - a form of Shany
Shany - marvelous,wonderful
-snip-
From http://www.top-100-baby-names-search.com/baby-names-kenyan.html
Female - Chagina brave one
Female - Chiku chatterer Swahili
Female - Chriki blessing Swahili
Female - Chinira God receives Swahili
Female - Shauri - counsel; advise
Female - Shauriana - counsel; advise
Male - Shomari - forceful

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IGBO NAMES
From http://www.top-100-baby-names-search.com/nigerian-names-meaning.html
Igbo (Nigerian)
Male - Chetachukwu - remember God
Male - Chibueze - God is king
Female - Chichima - sweet and precious girl
Male - Chidubem - God lead me on
Male - Chiemeka - God has done well
Male/Female - Chigoziem - God has blessed me
Male/Female - Chikanma - God is the best
Male/Female - Chikezie - God's will is supreme
Male/Female - Chilotam - God remembered me
Male - Chimaobi - God knows the heart
Male/Female - Chimbuchim - God is my God
Male - Chimezie - let God done it
Female - Chinenyenwa - God gives child
Female - Chinechezirim - God thinks good of me
Female - Chinelo - God remembers me Igbo
Male/Female - Chinmakodim - God knows my condition
Female - Chinwe - God is the owner
Female - Chinyere - Chi is the giver
Male/Female - Chisomaga - God is always with me
Female - Chuku of God
Male/Female - Chukwudimma -God is good
Male - Chukwuemeka - God has done well
Male - Chukwuma -God knows
-snip-
The prefix "Chi" in these Igbo names is pronounced like the English word "she".

Note the elements “chi” and “chukwu” can also be used as a suffix, and are also found in the middle of names. for instance, [from that same online source quoted above] Male/Female - Sopuruchi - reverence God, Male/Female - Ogechukwukana - God time is the best, - Male - Okechuku - God's gift, and Female - Ginikachukwu - who is greater than God?

"Chinua" is another Igbo name. That name became known in the United States because of the Nigerian novelist Chinua Achebe, author of Things Fall Apart and other books. Here's information about that name from http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Chinua
"[ 3 syll. (c)hi-nua, ch-in-ua ] The baby boy name Chinua is pronounced as CH-IY-Nuw-aa- †. Chinua has its origins in the African-Igbo language. It is used largely in the African and Igbo languages. The meaning of the name is 'God's blessing'. It is derived from the word Chi which means 'God'. "

Also, with regard to the Yoruba language of Nigeria, note that "The other common problem areas [in pronouncing Yoruba words and using Yoruba pronunciation rules in speaking English] are the ‘ch’ and ‘sh’ sounds. Yoruba does not have the letter ‘c’ in its alphabet. But there is ‘s’ pronounced ‘si’ and then there’s ‘á¹¢’ pronounced ‘she’. Can you see where the confusion gets in? ;-)" http://www.yorubagirldancing.com/2010/11/15/the-h-factor/ [This website is no longer available.]
-snip-
An example of a Yoruba name in which the "s" is pronounced "sh" is "Folasade". The Nigerian/British vocalist "Sade" popularized the nickname for the name "Folasade" (meaning: honor bestowes a crown; "ade" is a Yoruba element that means "honor".)

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EDITOR'S COMMENT
Although I have showcased some Igbo names as examples of traditional African names that have the "sh" or "ch" prefix, it should be noted that Igbo names aren't that common among African Americans. My guess is that this is because 1. information about and lists of Igbo names weren't easy to find in the United States before the 2008 or even later when that content was placed on the internet, 2. Many Igbo names have more than three syllables and most Americans (including Black Americans) prefer names and other words that have two or three syllables, 3. Igbo includes a number of names with the "u" (pronounced "oo") sound and most Americans, including African Americans, appear to dislike the "u" sound in words, including names, perhaps because of the words "ugly" and the word "ugh". A relatively recent exception to (what I believe) is African Americans' tendency not to begin (or end) names with the letter "u" is the name "Unique" (with several different spellings.) "Unique" is an example of African American names that demonstrate the parents' positive attitudes about their child and their hope that their child becomes a person who stands out in a crowd for positive reasons.

As to which traditional African language were the source of names that African Americans knew about, chose for themselves and others, and/or gave to their children in the late 1960s/1970s, I'd say - starting with the most commonly used names - Akan (Ghana, Ivory Coast), Yoruba (Nigeria), and Zulu (particularly the name "Shaka" ["Chaka"] which was a male name but was popularized by an African American female singer).

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Monday, May 25, 2015

Arabic Male Names And Arabic Female Names That Begin With "Sh" or "Ch"

Edited by Azizi Powell

Latest Revision: June 4, 2021

This pancocojams post presents a partial list of Arabic names that begin with the prefix "sh" or "ch".

This post also includes other Arabic names that include the letters "sh" or the letters "ch". 

[Note: June 4, 2021] I'm interested in this topic because a lot of contemporary African American names begin with "sh" or include "sh". I wondered if Arabic names had/have anything to do with this  spelling/sound preference. My conclusion is that Arabic names (sometimes with adapted spellings) have influenced this African American naming custom.

The Addendum to this post provides about the history of Islam in the United States among Black people in the United States from the late 17th century until the 19th century and theafterwards, These excerpts are presented because my guess is that this long presence of Islam among Black Americans probably contributed to the development of certain African American sound preferences in personal names and nicknames.

The content of this post is presented for historical, cultural and linguistic purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post.
-snip-
Click http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2016/04/jamaican-names-that-begin-with-ch-or-sh.html for the pancocojams post entitled "Swahili & Igbo Names That Begin With "Sh" or "Ch".

Also, click http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2016/04/jamaican-names-that-begin-with-ch-or-sh.html for the pancocojams post entitled "Jamaican Names That Begin with "Ch" or "Sh".

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LISTS OF ARABIC NAMES THAT BEGIN WITH "SH" 
From http://www.sudairy.com/arabic/masc.html [This page no longer exists.]
[Male names]
Sha'ban - Eighth month of the Muslim lunar calendar
Shadi - Singer, enchanter
Shadin - Fawn, young deer
Shafi - Mediator
Shafiq, Shafeeq - Kind, compassionate, tender
Shahid - Witness
Shahin - Hawk
Shahir - Well-known, famous
Shakib - Present, gift, reward
Shakir - Thankful
Shams al Din - Sun of the faith
Shamal - Wind that comes from the north
Shamil - All comprehensive
Shamim - Fragrant
Sharaf - Honor
Sharif, Shareef - Honest, honorable, noble, distinguished
Shawqi - Affectionate
Shihab - Flame, blaze
Shihab al Din - Star of the Faith
Shihad - Honey
Shu'aib, Shu'ayb - A Prophet's name
Shukri - Thankfulness
Shumayl - Complete

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From http://www.sudairy.com/arabic/fem.html  [This page no longer exists.]
[Female names]
Shadan - Young gazelle
Shadha, Shadhaa - Aroma
Shadhiyah - Aromatic
Shadiyah - Singer
Shafiqah - Compassionate, sympathetic
Shahd - Honey, honeycomb
Shahidah - Witness
Shahirah - Well-known, famous
Shahlah - Blush
Shahrazad - Teller of "Tales of 1,001 Nights"
Shakirah - Thankful
Shamilah - Complete, comprehensive
Shams - Sun
Sharifah, Shareefa, Sherrifah - Noble, honored
Shawq - Longing
Shayma, Shaymaa - to look out
Shifa' - Curing, healing
Shimah - Nature, habit
Shiyam - Nature, character
Shudun - Powerful, straight
Shuhrah - Fame, reputation
Shukrah - Thankfulness
Shukriyah - Of thanks
Shuruq - Rising, shining

****
EXAMPLES OF ARABIC MALE NAMES THAT  BEGIN WITH "SH" OR "CH" OR INCLUDES "SH" OR "CH"
[This list includes all of the names that fit this description. It appears to me that only a few of those names are actually used in the United States since the late 1960s.]


Modern Muslim Boy Names dictionary starting with letter 'A' and their meanings in a simple and easy to navigate format. The list comprises of Unique Islamic boy baby names from the holy Quran for [the] alphabet that are popular across the world.

Aashif -  Courageous
Aatish -  Purifying, Brilliance
Arshad - Honest
Ashur  -  A month in the Islamic calender
Ashfaq - Noble prince
Baashir - Bringer of good news
Basha -   Stranger
Bashar - Bringer of glad tidiings
Basho -  Banana Plant
Bishr -   Joy
Bushr  - Joy, Happiness
Chafik - Sympathising
Chahid - Wintness
Chahli -  Merriment, Pleasantry
Chaini -  Gorgeous
Chakir -  The chosen one
Chamali -The one who serves water
Chams - Sun
Chan -   Light
Changez - Solid
Changeez - Name of King
Chaker - Thanking
Challita -Cool
Chanan - God was Compassionate, Cloud
Chanda - God's Compassion, Fierce, Passionate, Violent
Chantz  - Good fortune
Charagh -  Lamp, Light
Chash  -  Sweet
Chaviv -  Loved one
Chawki - Pleasant
Cheherazad -   Funny
Chessy - Peaceful
Chelem - Dream
Chezian - Graceful
Chiragh - Lamp, Light
Chishti  - Famous Saint whose Dargah is at Ajmer
Chinar -  A Tree
Chrishan - Awakened, Almighty Lord
Chrim -  Generous
Chokri -  blessed
Daaneesh - Knowledge, Wisdom
Gasheen - Good
Haanish - One who is delighted
Haanish - One who is delighted
Irshad - Wisdom
Ishan -  Compassion
Ishaaq - A prophet's name
Ishir -Another name for agni
Ishaam - Promise
Ishmael - God listens
Janasheen -  Successor
Kaashif - Discoverer
Kashan - Place of rulers
Ma'shooq - Beloved
Naashir - Helper
Naashit - Energetic, Dynamic, Fresh
Parishad - Joyous
Raashid - Intelligent
Shaafi  - Pure
Shaida  - Greatly Attached
Shahid - Honey
Shadi  -  Singer
Shah Jahan  -  King of the world
Shaheem -  Intelligent
Shahan Shah - King of kings
Shakib - Patience
Shakib - Patience
Shakil -  Handsome
Shakir -  Thankful, grateful
Shaquille - Handsome
Shakir -  Thankful
Shameel - Beautiful
Sharif-   Noble
Shariq -Bright
Shahalad -  Joy
Shoaib  -Who shows the right path
Taanish -Good
Tabish - Brilliancy
Talish  -  Lord of the earth, Mountain
Tanish -  Beautiful,Ambition
Tash   -   King of Heart
Tavish -  Ocean, Gold, Heaven, Brilliant

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EXAMPLES OF ARABIC FEMALE NAMES THAT  BEGIN WITH "SH" OR "CH" OR INCLUDES "SH" OR "CH"
[This list includes all of the names that fit this description. It appears to me that only a few of those names are actually used in the United States since the late 1960s.]

From https://www.nriol.com/babynames/muslim-gaa.asp

Modern Muslim Girl Baby Names dictionary starting with letter 'A' and their meanings in a simple and easy to navigate format. The list comprises of Unique Islamic girl baby names from the holy Quran for [the] alphabet that are popular across the world.

A'shadieeyah -  Princess, Perfect, Cute
Aaeesha -  Life, Living Prosperous
Aaisha -  Prosperous
Abisha - Gift of god
Aisha -   Life
Alesha - Protected by god
Alisha  -  Protected by God
Alishba - Pretty
Amisha - A princess
Aresha - Under an umbrella
Arisha -  Highness
Arshin -  Pious
Aroush - Angel of paradise
Ashalina -  Sweet
Ashika -  Love
Aysha -   Love
Ayesha - Well-of
Beenish -Genius, Intelligent
Binesh - Clever
Binish -  Clever,Intelligent
Bisharah -A narrator of Hadith
Bushra - Good omen
Busrah - Glad tidings,Good news
Chaesha -  Bright, Beautiful
Chaaya -Shadow
Chadia - Gracious
Chafika -To Tend
Chamini - Love like Ocean
Chaan  - Beloved
Chaand - Garden
Chahra - Notoriety
Chaka -   A Lark,Life,Energy Centre
Chakama -   Poem
Chakori -Charming
Chaman -  Garden
Chameli -  Jasmine
Chamis-  Sun
Champa -  A Flower
Chanchal -  Active
Chanda - Bright
Chandni -  Moonlight
Chandra -  Moon
Charmi - Beautiful
Charu  - Beautiful
Chasheen - Sweet
Cheena -Pure white marble
Chellam -  Pampered
Chafia  - look after
Charugna  -  Moon
Chessy - At Peace
Chhavi  -Reflection
Chereena -  Beloved,Beautiful
Chiraz - Light
Chiti  -  Love
Choti   - Little,Small
Chunni - Star
ChudarOli -Brilliant
Daleesha -  Delight
Daisha -  Alive
Darakhshaan - Shining
Delisha - Drop
Derafshan - Spread-out pearls
Desheya  -  Good day
Dewar-ul-Shams -  Sunflower
Dilshad - Cheerful
Dursheka - Life
Elisha - Friend
Ereshva -Righteous
Esha'al - Protected by god
Eshal -  Name of a flower in heaven
Eshna -   Desire
Eshmaal - Bunch of red roses
Faisha  - A blessing of all
Falisha - Happiness
Farisha - Light
Ghuncha - Bunch of flowers
Grishma -  Summer season
Gulabsha - Beautiful
Gulafshan - Flower
Gulfisha -Sweet smiling
Hishma -Modesty
Hubasheea - Eagle
Humisha - Godess Saraswathi
Ilisha - Queen Of The Earth
Insha - Creation
Inshirah - Relief
Isha - One who protects
Isha  - Night Prayer
Ishana - Ricch
Ishrat -  Happy
Ishaml - Flower
Ishaal - Heaven's Flower
Ishya  -  Spring
Ja'isha - Excellent
Kadshah  - Companion
Kaamisha -  A happy soul
Kashida - Hardworking
Kashfia - To make it Evident
Kashish - Attraction
Kashifa - Reveler Of Secrets
Kashira - Jubilant
Kashooda -Attractive
Laisha  - Prosperous,Angel
Lakhsha - Glittering
Lakeshia -   Alive
Lashirah - Very Intelligent
Lekeisha -   Woman
Lekisha - Life,Woman
Lisha  - Fortunate Women
Oishi - Divine
Omysha -  Smile
Osheen - Shinning,Beautiful
Oshna -  Fragrance
Raashida - Wise, Mature, Intelligent, Sober
Rasheedah  - Intelligent
Rasheeqeh -  Happy
Rashida - Intelligent
Rashifah -  Friend
Resham -Silk
Reshaqet - Beautiful
Reshma - Golden silk
Rifsheh - Broad
Rimsha - Bunch of flowers
Roshen - Bright
Roshena - Brightened
Roshini - Light

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ADDENDUM
A)  
MY EDITORIAL COMMENTS ABOUT AFRICAN AMERICANS RECEIVING OR SELECTING AN AFRICAN NAME PRIOR TO THE 1970s
In the late 1960s some African Americans were very interested in finding lists of African names so that we could change our "slave names" (European or Hebrew language birth names) to "free names" (names from Arabic or traditional African languages.) In those early days of the Black power movement with its interest in African cultures there was no internet and lists of African names were hard to come by. I recall people in the Committee For Unified Newark, (the cultural nationalist group that I belonged to which eventually was headed by poet, playwright, activist Amiri Baraka, formerly Le Roi Jones), sharing mimeographed (reprinted) copies of African names that we happened to come by. Many of those names were from the Arabic language and others were from KiSwahili, which is largly based on Arabic.

I doubt that the history of Africans who were Muslims and who were enslaved in the United States consciously contributed to African Americans' preference for certain sounds for personal names and nicknames. However, I believe that long forgotten history helped develop some of those sound preferences

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, African Americans who were interested in changing their names to an African name were more likely to find Arabic names than any other African continent names. Those name were considered very acceptable "free names" for afro-centric African Americans, whether we were Muslim or not. The conversion of several African American celebrities (particularly athletes and Jazz musicians) to Islam was only one reason why Arabic names became known to African Americans. Two African American jazz musicians who changed their names to Arabic names (prior to the 1980s) because of their conversion to Islam or another reason or reasons are Yusef Lateef and Rahshaan Roland Kirk. Two African American athletes who changed their names to Arabic names are Mohammad Ali and Kareem Adul Jabbar.

It's my belief that the large subset of 19th century and, in particular, 20th & 21st century distinctive Black (African American) names that begin with "sh" or "ch" can be at least partially explained by
1. the existence of a large number of Arabic names and traditional African language names that begin with one of those sounds

2. the existence of mainstream American names and distinctive Black American names that begin with or includes "sh" or "ch" prior to and after the late 1960s (when a number of African Americans began to consciously select non-European and non-Hebrew names for themselves and their children)

and

3. the presence of Arabic names with those sounds by fictitious characters and by real people prior to and after the  late 1960s.

****
B)
ARTICLES ABOUT  BLACK AMERICANS AND ISLAM PRIOR TO THE 1960s
1. 
"Islam has been a piece of the American religious fabric since the first settlers arrived in North America.

While we do not know exactly how many African Muslims were enslaved and transported to the New World, there are clues in legal doctrines, slaveholders’ documents, and existing cultural and religious traditions. African Muslims were caught in the middle of complicated social and legal attitudes from the very moment they landed on our Eastern shores, and collections at the [Smithsonian] Museum help provide insight into their lives.

I knew several [people] who must have been, from what I have since learned, Mohamedans [Muslims]; though at that time, I had never heard of the religion of Mohamed. There was one man on this plantation … who prayed five times every day, always turning his face to the east, when in the performance of his devotion.
CHARLES BALL, 1837

African Muslims were an integral part of creating America from mapping its borders to fighting against British rule. Muslims first came to North America in the 1500s as part of colonial expeditions. One of these explorers, Mustafa Zemmouri (also known as Estevanico), was sold by the Portuguese into slavery in 1522. While enslaved by Spanish conquistador Andrés Dorantes de Carranza, Estevanico became one of the first Africans to set foot on the North American continent. He explored Florida and the Gulf Coast, eventually traveling as far west as New Mexico.

African Muslims also fought alongside colonists during the Revolutionary War (1775-1783). Multiple men with Muslim names appear on the military muster rolls, including Bampett Muhamed, Yusuf ben Ali (also known as Joseph Benhaley), and Joseph Saba. Other men listed on muster rolls have names that are likely connected to Islamic practice, such as Salem Poor and Peter Salem, whose names may reflect a form of the Arabic salaam, meaning peace. These men often distinguished themselves on the battlefield.

The founding fathers were aware of Islam and the presence of Muslims in America. Thomas Jefferson, who owned a copy of the Quran, included Islam in many of his early writings and political treatises.... Jefferson was not the only statesman who recognized religions other than Christianity in his work. However, their knowledge of and theoretical openness to Islam did not stop them from enslaving African Muslims."...

****
2. From https://www.amazon.com/Muslim-American-Slave-Wisconsin-Autobiography/dp/0299249549 book review A Muslim American Slave: The Life of Omar Ibn Said
by Omar Ibn Said (Author), Ala Alryyes (Editor), July 20, 2011
"Born to a wealthy family in West Africa around 1770, Omar Ibn Said was abducted and sold into slavery in the United States, where he came to the attention of a prominent North Carolina family after filling “the walls of his room with piteous petitions to be released, all written in the Arabic language,” as one local newspaper reported. Ibn Said soon became a local celebrity, and in 1831 he was asked to write his life story, producing the only known surviving American slave narrative written in Arabic.

In A Muslim American Slave, scholar and translator Ala Alryyes offers both a definitive translation and an authoritative edition of this singularly important work, lending new insights into the early history of Islam in America and exploring the multiple, shifting interpretations of Ibn Said’s narrative by the nineteenth-century missionaries, ethnographers, and intellectuals who championed it."...

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3. From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation_of_Islam
"The Nation of Islam, abbreviated NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930.[2] Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity.[3] Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist[4] and antisemitic.[5][6][7] The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group.[8][9] Its official newspaper is The Final Call. In 2007, the core membership was estimated to be between 20,000 and 50,000.[1]

Fard disappeared in June 1934. His successor Elijah Muhammad established places of worship (called temples or mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad.[10]

...There were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to "World Community of Islam in the West" (and twice more after that), and attempted to convert it to a mainstream Sunni Muslim ideology.[12]

In 1977, Louis Farrakhan rejected Warith Deen Mohammed's leadership and re-established the Nation of Islam on the original model. He took over the Nation of Islam's headquarters temple, Mosque Maryam (Mosque #2) in Chicago, Illinois."...
-snip-
I believe that members who followed Warith Deen Mohammed's leadership were/are particularly likely to adopt Arabic names and give those names to their children.

****
4.
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moorish_Science_Temple_of_America
"The Moorish Science Temple of America is an American national and religious organization founded by Noble Drew Ali.

[...]

The Moorish Science Temple of America was incorporated under the Illinois Religious Corporation Act 805 ILCS 110. Timothy Drew, known to its members as Prophet Noble Drew Ali, founded the Moorish Science Temple of America in 1913 in Newark, New Jersey, a booming industrial city. After some difficulties, Ali moved to Chicago, establishing a center there, as well as temples in other major cities. The movement expanded rapidly during the late 1920s. The quick expansion of the Moorish Science Temple arose in large part from the search for identity and context among black Americans at the time of the Great Migration to northern and midwestern cities, as they were becoming an urbanized people.[2]

Competing factions developed among the congregations and leaders, especially after the death of the charismatic Ali. Three independent organizations developed from this ferment. The founding of the Nation of Islam by Wallace Fard Muhammad in 1930 also created competition for members. In the 1930s membership was estimated at 30,000, with one third in Chicago. During the postwar years, the Moorish Science Temple of America continued to increase in membership, albeit at a slower rate.”...
-snip-
Disclaimer: I've never been a member of either the Moorish Science Temple or the Nation of Islam (or its off-shoots). I also have never attended any services of these organizations.

Prior to high school, I don't recall knowing or seeing any Muslims. I only have a cloudy recollection of one African American male named Abdul in my high school (which was the only public high school in Atlantic City and which had 3,000 students when I graduated in 1969). I don't recall any female students wearing hijab, but I believe that there were a few other Muslim students in "my" high school who were members of the same family or were cousins. For what it's worth, I recall that these males were light skinned. I think that they were Sunni Muslims, but I'm not sure about that.

I first became somewhat familiar with the Moorish Science Temple when I moved to East Orange, New Jersey (near Newark, New Jersey) in 1965. I also have known some members of the Moorish Science Temple since I moved to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1969.

I believe that people who are members of the Moorish Science Temple adopt (or have from birth) a Bey, El, or Ali surname (My experience is that the "El" surname is used with the European biological surname hyphenated, example "Owens-El".

My experience is that some members of the Moorish Science Temple, have Arabic names from birth or were given/selected Arabic names when they joined that organization.

****
C) EARLY BOOKS IN THE UNITED STATES ON AFRICAN/ARABIC NAMES
I'm not aware of any book of African names that was published before The Book of African Names (As Told by Chief Osuntoki) was published in 1970. In 1972 another book of African names was published - Names from Africa: Their Origin, Meaning, and Pronunciation by Ogonna Chuks-orji helped introduce African Americans to names from traditional African languages.


INFORMATION ABOUT THE HISTORY OF ISLAM (and therefore, the Arabic language) IN AFRICA
From 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Africa


"Africa was the first continent, outside of Arabia that Islam spread into in the early 7th century. Almost one-third of the world's Muslim population resides in this continent...

Spread of Islam in Africa

On the advice of Muhammad, in Rajab 8BH, or May 614AD, twenty three Muslims migrated to Abyssinia where they were protected by its king, Al-Najashi, who also accepted Islam later. They were followed by 101 Muslims later in the same year. By Muharram 7H, or May 628AD, all those Muslims returned to Medina, but locals who embraced Islam remained there. In 20H/641AD during the reign of Caliph Omar bin al-Khattab, Muslim troops took over current Egypt and conquered current Libya the following year. Muslims then expanded to current Tunisia in 27H/647AD during the reign of the third Muslim Caliph, Othman bin Affan. The conquest of North Africa continued under the Umayyad dynasty, taking Algeria by 61H/680AD, and Morocco the following year. From the latter Muslim troops crossed the Strait of Gibraltar to Europe in 711. Islam gained momentum during the tenth century in West Africa with the start of the Almoravids movement on the Senegal River and as rulers and kings embraced Islam.[citation needed] Islam then spread slowly in much of the continent through trade and preaching.[4] By the ninth century Muslim Sultanates started being established in the Horn of Africa, and by the 12th century the Kilwa Sultanate had spread as far south as Mozambique. Islam only crossed deeper into Malawi and Congo in the second half of the nineteenth century under the Zanzibar Sultanate. Then the British brought their labor force from India, including some Muslim Indian nationals, to their African colonies towards the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries."
-snip-
That Wikipedia article indicates that "African Islam is not static and is constantly being reshaped by prevalent social, economic, and political conditions. Generally Islam in Africa often adapted to African cultural contexts and belief systems forming Africa's own orthodoxies. [2]"
-end of quote-
Among those African adaptations are examples of certain Arabic derived personal names. For instance, in the Wolof language of Senegal, West Africa "Aminata" is the form of the Arabic female name "Amina" and "Abdou" is the form of the Arabic male name "Abdul".

Also, here's a brief excerpt from https://www.nairaland.com/1811085/top-10-yoruba-names-never "Top 10 Yoruba Names You Never Guessed Were Arabic Names." by idumuose(m): 2:02pm On Jul 13, 2014
"I have always been fascinated by Yoruba people’s creative morphological domestication of Arabic names. There are scores of Yoruba names that are derived from Arabic but which are barely recognizable to Arabs or other African Muslims because they have taken on the structural features of the Yoruba language.

This is not unique to Yoruba, of course. As scholars of onomastics or onomatology know only too well, when proper names leave their primordial shores to other climes they, in time, are often liable to local adaptation.

(Onomastics or onomatology is the scientific study of the origins, forms, conventions, history and uses of proper names. Anthroponomastics specifically studies personal names, so this article is an anthroponamastic analysis of Yoruba Muslim names).

That’s why, for instance, there are many Arabic-derived personal names in Hausa, the most Arabized ethnic group in Nigeria, that would be unrecognizable to Arabs. Names like Mamman (Muhammad), Lawan (Auwal), Shehu (Sheikh), etc. would hardly make much sense to an Arab."...

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