Edited by Azizi Powell
Latest revision: December 12, 2019
This pancocojams post provides information about the African name "Diallo".
The content of this post is presented for linguistic, cultural, and educational purposes.
All copyrights remain with their owners.
Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post. Thanks also to the publishers of these embedded YouTube videos.
This post is dedicated to the memory of Amadou Diallo. Information about Amadou Diallo can be found after the YouTube video given as Example #2 below.
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INFORMATION ABOUT THE SURNAME (LAST NAME) DIALLO
From https://erickoch.wordpress.com/2011/07/29/diallo/ Is “Diallo” the “Smith” of West Africa?; Eric Koch, Posted on July 29, 2011
It seems as if every Guinean in the news has the same last name.
..."The name ["Diallo"] is everywhere in Guinea – applying to roughly 10 percent of the population, experts say – and fairly common across the rest of West Africa, too. For comparison, there were just 2.4 million Smiths in the United States as of 2000, accounting for just 0.9 percent of the population. (Johnsons came in second place, with 1.9 million, or about 0.6 percent.)
What makes Diallo so common? A significant portion of the Guinean population is Fulbe, or Fulani, and almost all Fulbe have one of four family names: Diallo, also spelled Jalloh; Barry; Balde, also spelled Bah; and Sow. (Diallo is not any more popular than the other three names.) About two-fifths of all Guineans are Fulbe, and they live in smaller concentrations in other countries throughout West Africa, with significant clusters in Senegal and Mali, where many more Diallos are found."...
-snip-
Comments:
jdvorkin46 | July 29, 2011 at 3:26 pm |
"Eric – Diallo is a very widespread name throughout West Africa. When I was in Guinea and Niger last year, I must have met dozens of Diallos in both countries. Moreover, there are Guinéens and Nigériens who also have Diallo as a first name. It is a reference to their shared Fulani heritage which long predates the arrival of the Europeans and their arbitrary creation of borders which did not reflect the real cultural realities of where people lived."
**
Ninu | August 22, 2011 at 3:34 pm |
"Fulani is a language and a people spread from the Atlantic all the way to Sudan. They are distinguished by being muslim and traditionally from the Sahel and having cattle herding as the center of their society and mores."...
-snip-
This comment included the link for a no longer active website about Fulanis.
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"DIALLO" AS A FIRST NAME
Notice the comment given above from jdvorkin46: ..."there are Guinéens and Nigériens who also have Diallo as a first name."
More information about "Diallo" as a first name is given in the Statistic section that follows.
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STATISTICS REGARDING THE NAME "DIALLO"
Excerpt #1:
From http://forebears.io/surnames/diallo
"Diallo Surname Meaning & Statistics
160th most common surname in the world
Approximately 2,965,826 people bear this surname
Most prevalent in: Guinea
Highest density in: Guinea"
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Excerpt #2:
From http://www.namespedia.com/details/Diallo
Statistics and meaning of name Diallo
"Usage: 7% firstname, 93% surname.
Diallo first name was found 806 times in 33 different countries.
Surname Diallo is used at least 9341 times in at least 45 countries.
Gender of firstname Diallo is 28% feminine and 72% masculine."
-snip-
As per a chart on that page, example of "Diallo" used as a first name are most often found in the United States, but the following article may be an example of a Guinean man with the first name "Diallo":
From http://www.anc.org.za/content/statement-mr-diallo-telli-guinea-chairman-special-committee-against-apartheid
"Statement by Mr. Diallo Telli (Guinea), Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid, at the Plenary Meeting of the [United Nations] General Assembly on a resolution concerning the trial of Mr. Nelson Mandela and others
11 October 1963"...
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It's also possible that this man's first name was given last because of the different ways that people in other cultures write their full names.
-snip-
Here's another [?] example of an African man with the first name "Diallo":
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diallo_Guidileye
"Diallo Guidileye (born 30 December 1989) is a Mauritanian footballer who currently plays as a defensive midfielder for Gençlerbirliği.
[...]
International career
Though Guidileye was born in Mauritania, he has dual citizenship and thus can represent France on the national level. He has played for the France U-19 squad and recently was called up to participate in a training camp for future France under-21 players. On 25 May 2009, he was selected to the under-20 squad to participate in the 2009 Mediterranean Games.
In 2012, the French coach of Mauritania, Patrice Neveu, said he had reached an agreement with Guidileye to represent the senior national team from his country of origin in the future.[8]"...
-snip-
"Footballer" here means a soccer player.
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Excerpt #3:
From https://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Diallo
"Diallo is unusual as a baby name for boys. Its usage peaked modestly in 1972 with 0.004% of baby boys being named Diallo. Its ranking then was #918. The baby name has since experienced a fall in popularity, and is today of irregular use. Among all boy names in its group, Diallo was nevertheless the most popular in 2016."
-snip-
This statistical information is for the use of the name "Diallo" as a first name in the United States only.
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TRADITIONAL PRONUNCIATION/S [?] OF THE NAME "DIALLO"
Excerpt #1:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diallo
"Diallo (pronounced jallo) is the French transcription of a surname of Fula origin (English transcriptions are Jalloh and Jallow; the Portuguese and Creole transcription is Djaló)"...
-snip-
This page includes a list of famous people with the surname (last name) "Diallo".
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Excerpt #2:
From https://photos.state.gov/libraries/senegal/323264/pdf/Window_to_Dakar.pdf INTRODUCTION TO SENEGAL
..."NAMES
..."Di" is pronounced "j" in these typical last names: Badiane, Dia, Diagne, Diallo, Diaw, Dieng, Diop, Diouf. "Th" is pronounced "ch" in the following names: Bathily, Thiam, Thioune,
Mathiam. In last names beginning with N, the "N" is pronounced "en" - NDao, NDaw, NDiaye.”
-snip-
UPDATE: April 229, 2018
This YouTube vlogger pronounces her last name "Diop" "Dee op" and writes it that way in her African Name Tag vlog: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRTxlG66nyY.
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Excerpt #3: How to Pronounce: Cheick Diallo
That One Sports Show, Apr 13, 2018
[Shek Dee-ah-loh]
-snip-
This video replaces one that is no longer available.
These comments from this video's discussion thread indicate that this pronunciation is incorrect:
Maddy Damia, 2018
"That’s not funny it’s offensive if u don’t know how to say it don’t say it period
fat bah Diallo, 2019
"Sheh Jahlow smh"
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"amh" = shake my head [probably, in disgust]
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"Cheick Diallo (born September 13, 1996) is a Malian professional basketball player for the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association (NBA)." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheick_Diallo.
"Malian" = Mali, West Africa.
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Excerpt #4:
From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ESd3hHRbeuo
Cheick Diallo NBA draft journey - Canal NBA 28 octobre 2016
Triple Threat Agency, Published on Nov 2, 2016
-snip-
The name Cheick Diallo is also pronounced at .30 of this video.
The pronunciation of the name "Diallo" in these two videos seems to more closely conform with an American pronunciation rather than the "j" ("Jalloh") pronunciation that is given above. I wonder if Cheick Diallo is pronouncing his name closely to the American pronunciation on purpose or is this the way that name is pronounced in Mali?
If you know how the name "Diallo" is traditionally pronounced in various African nations, please share that information in the comment section below. Thanks!
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AFRICAN AMERICAN PRONUNCIATION OF THE FIRST NAME "DIALLO"
Adhering to customary ways that words are pronounced in the United States, particularly among many African Americans, the personal name "Diallo" appears to be pronounced "dee-ah-low"/"dee-AH-loh". Traditionally, the name "Diallo" is traditionally pronounced "JAH-low"/"JAH-loh".
Here are two examples of that pronunciation:
Example #1:
From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpI6OaZGssY
Atlanta" - Black History with Diallo & Bashir (ft. Finesse Mitchell) | Night Class | History
HISTORY, Published on Dec 5, 2016
Diallo and Bashir discuss the cultural significance of Atlanta in the black community with "Saturday Night Live" alum Finesse Mitchell. #NightClass
-snip-
1:16 "Diallo" is pronounced “dee-AH-low”
Diallo Riddle and Bashir Salahuddin are African American television writers. The TBS series The Last O.G.* is an example of their writing credits.
*"O.G." in the title of that television series means 'Original Gangster". In Hip Hop culture calling someone an "O. G." is usually considered to be complimentary. Click https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_O.G for information about this American television series.
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Example #2:
http://www5.milwaukee.k12.wi.us/school/zablocki/staff/diallo-tyler/
Diallo Tyler
Position: Teacher
[...]
Teaching since: 2001
[…]
Fun fact: Diallo, an African name, means bold. For as long as I can remember, people have mispronounced my name and called me Diablo, which means devil in Spanish.
-snip-
Notice that the mispronunciation of "Diallo" with the Spanish word "diablo" (dee-AH-bloh").
Listen to the pronunciations of Diallo which are given in the videos that are embedded in this post.
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MEANING OF THE NAME "DIALLO"
A number of websites, including the one given above for "Diallo Tyler", indicate that the name "Diallo" means "bold".
A large number of websites that cite the meaning of the name "Diallo" refer to Rachel Dolezal, an American woman who has two biological White parents but considers herself to be Black. Rachel Dolezal legally changed her name to "Nkechi Amare Diallo" in 2016, but that information apparently wasn't widely known until March 2017.
From https://nypost.com/2017/03/01/rachel-dolezal-changes-her-name-to-west-african-moniker/ Rachel Dolezal changes her name to West African moniker
By Chris Perez March 1, 2017
"Rachel Dolezal — the white NAACP leader who pretended to be black for years — has reportedly changed her name to a West African moniker meaning “gift of God.”
The 39-year-old will now be called Nkechi Amare Diallo, according to the Daily Mail.
Legal documents obtained by the British outlet show that she legally changed her name in a Washington state court back in October.
Nkechi, which is short for Nkechinyere, originates from the Igbo language of Nigeria and translates to “what God has given” or “gift of God,” the Mail reports.
Diallo, or “bold,” is ultimately of Fula origin. The Muslim ethnic group is said to have roots in the Middle East and West Africa.
Dolezal — the former president of the NAACP’s Spokane chapter and a one-time professor of Africana studies at Eastern Washington University — reportedly has fallen on hard times since being exposed by her parents as white in June 2015."...
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UPDATE: April 29, 2018
Instead of just accepting what I read online, I wonder if the traditional meaning for "Diallo" really is "bold". If so, how and why that was "Diallo" given that meaning? Did an early Fula ancestor do something daring in some battle and thus that meaning came to be attached to that name?
What is the earliest documentation for this meaning? Knowing that might help to determine how real that meaning is.
Also, it occurs to me that if the Fula name "Diallo" really means "bold" (as various websites indicate), that might not be a positive characteristic.
If you know more about this subject, please share it in the comment section below. Thanks!
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SELECTED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Example #1: Sweet Sweet Fanta Diallo-ALPHA BLONDY
jubaleeproductions, Published on Oct 20, 2012
EXCELLENT OLD SCHOOL
-snip-
Click http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2013/05/alpha-blondy-sweet-fanta-diallo-videos.html for a 2013 pancocojams post about Alpha Blondy's song "Sweet Fanta Diallo" That post includes the lyrics to this song.
Alpha Blondy is a Reggae singer who was born in The Ivory Coast, West Africa.
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Example #2: Wyclef Jean - Diallo
ObachLife, Published on Nov 25, 2009
Westcoast, Rap, Hip Hop, New York, NYC, Brooklyn, Ecleftic,
-snip-
This song is about Amadou Diallo. One example of the pronunciation of the name "Diallo" in this Reggae song is at 5:56-5:57.
Here's information about Amadou Diallo from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Amadou_Diallo:
"The shooting of Amadou Diallo occurred on February 4, 1999, when Amadou Diallo, a 23-year-old immigrant from Guinea, was shot and killed by four New York City Police Department plain-clothed officers—Sean Carroll, Richard Murphy, Edward McMellon and Kenneth Boss—after they mistook him for a rape suspect from one year earlier. The officers fired a combined total of 41 shots, 19 of which struck Diallo, outside his apartment at 1157 Wheeler Avenue in the Soundview section of The Bronx. The four were part of the now-defunct Street Crimes Unit. All four officers were charged with second-degree murder and acquitted at trial in Albany, New York.[1]
Diallo was unarmed, and a firestorm of controversy erupted subsequent to the event as the circumstances of the shooting prompted outrage both within and outside New York City. Issues such as police brutality, racial profiling, and contagious shooting were central to the ensuing controversy.
Early life and career
One of four children of Saikou and Kadijatou Diallo, Amadou's family is part of an old Fulbe trading family in Guinea. He was born in Sinoe County, Liberia, on September 2, 1975[2] while his father was working there, and grew up following his family to Togo, Bangkok and Singapore, attending schools in Thailand, and later in Guinea. In September 1996, he came to New York City where other family members had immigrated. He and a cousin started a business. He had reportedly come to New York City to study but had not enrolled in any school. According to his family's lawyer, Kyle B. Watters, he sought to remain in the United States by filing an application for political asylum under false pretenses, saying that he was from Mauritania and that his parents had been killed in fighting to buttress his claim that he had credible fear of going back to his country.[3] He worked as a street peddler, selling videotapes, gloves and socks from the sidewalk along 14th Street during the day. [4]"...
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"Fulbe" is another referent for the "Fula" ("Fulani", "Peul") ethnic group.
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Visitor comments are welcome.
Showing posts with label Fulani culture. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Fulani culture. Show all posts
Saturday, April 28, 2018
Tuesday, February 13, 2018
More Examples Of Fulani (African) Female Braided Hairstyles With Beads Or Other Ornaments (videos & quotes)
Edited by Azizi Powell
This is Part II in a four part pancocojams series that provides information about African originated or African inspired braided hairstyles for females.
This post is a continuation of a 2014 pancocojams post entitled "Examples Of Fulani (African) Female Beaded Or Ornamental Hairstyles (videos & quotes)" http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2014/07/examples-of-fulani-african-female.html.
Since 2014 when I published that first pancocojams post on this subject, long beaded and/or otherwise ornamented micro (thin) braids have become more popular among Black American females (particularly pre-teen and teenage girls, and young adult women). These various hairstyles are collectively termed "Fulani braids" as they are said to be inspired by traditional Fulani hairstyles.
Like that previous pancocojams post, this post presents excerpts from several online articles about Fulani (African) culture and showcases videos about Fulani culture with special focus on Fulani females' beaded hairstyles.
The videos that are showcased in this post are different than the ones that are featured in that 2014 pancocojams post.
The Addendum to this post showcases a video of Nigerian Afrobeats singer Yemi Alade wearing her hair in one of the traditional Fulani hairstyles for women.
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Click http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2018/02/five-youtube-examples-of-african.html for Part I of this series. Part I includes my transcription Of a November 1979 Ebony Magazine article about the emerging popularity among African American adults of unadorned braids or braids with beads. Part I also showcase several videos of African American performing artists wearing their hair in braids with beads, cowrie shells, and/or other ornaments.
Part III presents excerpts of several online articles about Black females' braided hairstyles that are inspired by Fulani and/or other African culture.
Part IV showcases three African American hair tutorial videos about "Fulani braids" with beads and/or other ornaments. Selected comments from these videos' discussion threads are also included in that post.
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The content of this post is presented for historical, cultural, entertainment, and aesthetic purposes.
All copy rights remain with their owners.
Thanks to the authors of the excerpts that are included in this post. Thanks also to all those who are featured in these embedded YouTube videos and thanks to the publishers of these videos on YouTube.
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PANCOCOJAMS EDITOR'S NOTE
The term "Fulani braids" that has been used since around 2016 in the United States and probably elsewhere refers to a number of different braided hairstyles for Black females that have beads and/or other ornaments added to the braids. These hairstyles are said to be inspired by the Fulani ethnic group of West Africa and the Sahel.*
As used in the United States, "Fulani braids" hairstyles are said to be inspired by traditional Fulani hairstyles for females, but aren't necessarily the same as those traditional hairstyles. One significant difference is that traditional Fulani braids are much shorter than the length of braids in the United States.
These braided with beads hairstyles have sometimes also been referred to as "Alicia Keys braids", after the African American R&B/Soul singer and pianist who popularized that hairstyle in the video of her 2001 hit record "Fallin'". However, hairstyles that are braided with or without beads, cowrie shells, and/or other ornaments has long been a custom for Black girls in the United States and throughout much of the world. Furthermore, a few African American performing artists have worn long braids with beads since the mid 1970s.
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*"The Sahel part of Africa includes (from west to east) parts of northern Senegal, southern Mauritania, central Mali, northern Burkina Faso, the extreme south of Algeria, Niger, the extreme north of Nigeria, central Chad, central and southern Sudan, the extreme north of South Sudan, Eritrea, Cameroon, Central African Republic and extreme north of Ethiopia.
Historically, the western part of the Sahel was sometimes known as the Sudan region.[5] This belt was roughly located between the Sahara and the coastal areas of West Africa." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel
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EXCERPTS FROM FOUR ONLINE ARTICLES ABOUT FULANI CULTURE AND FULANI BRAIDS WITH ORNAMENTS HAIRSTYLES
[Pancocojams Editor's Note: Excerpt #3 is also given in the previously mentioned 2014 pancocojams post on this subject.]
Excerpt #1
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fula_people
"The Fula people or Fulani or Fulɓe (Fula: Fulɓe; French: Peul; Hausa: Fulani; Portuguese: Fula; Wolof: Pël; Bambara: Fulaw) are one of the largest ethnolinguistic groups in Africa, numbering approximately 40 million people in total. They form one of the most widely dispersed and culturally diverse of the peoples of Africa.[16] The Fulani are bound together by the common language of Fulfulde, as well as by some basic elements of Fulbe culture, such as The pulaaku , a code of conduct common to all Fulani groups.
A significant proportion of their number, (an estimated 13 million), are nomadic, making them the largest pastoral nomadic group in the world.[17] Spread over many countries, they are found mainly in West Africa and northern parts of Central Africa, but also in Sudan and Egypt. [18]"...
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Excerpt #2
From http://africanbloodsiblings.wordpress.com/2011/12/09/hairstyles-in-african-culture
"Hairstyles in African Culture"
...A coiffure is perfected by various decorations: cowries, beads, mother-of-pearl buttons, medals, pieces of silver, amber balls, metal rings, and pins of wood, bone or ivory. In the West African Sahel, the Fulbe and Peul (Fulani) cultivate impressive hairstyles.
For purposes to do with magic, a man or woman may also attach amulets to certain hairdos. The more elaborate coiffure includes braids, crests, curls, cascades, chignons, and vertical cornrows."...
-snip-
That blogpost includes additional information and photographs of Fulani and other African hairstyles.from the book Hair in African Art and Culture, Edit by Roy Sieber and Frank Herreman, The Museum for African Art, New York, 2000.
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Excerpt #3
From http://www.webpulaaku.net/defte/adepegba/body_ornaments.html
C.O. Adepegba "Decorative Arts of the Fulani Nomads"
Ibadan. Ibadan University Press. 1986. 48 p.
Body Ornaments of the Fulani Nomads [with photographs]
...."In northeastern Nigeria, and in fact from Borno down to the Cameroons, nomadic Fulani women prefer to pack a substantial amount of their hair into the centre of the head like a flat bed stretching from the forehead to the back with hanging braids to the sides and the back.
In other parts of Nigeria, the female Fulani nomads use simple thick, hanging braids, usually one on each side of the face and a big one or some smaller ones at the back. The focus on the sides and back of the head in their hair styling is to ensure that the ornamental purpose for which the hair is done, is not defeated, as elaborate designs on top of the head will be covered by their usual headloads.
Similarly hanging braids, two falling on the cheeks, and ornamented with a white bead under the chin are reported to be worn by Fulani women of Dori who have just had their first baby, in other words, recently married, as Fulani women are not considered properly married until they have their first babies. The hanging braids together with the braids on the nape of her neck, which look like multiple fringes ornamented with stones, are said to symbolize wisdom and calmness, expedient of a new mother of a family 5. But such symbolic association does not seem to hold for such braids of Nigerian Fulani women. This is not to say that special hair styles are not made for that stage of life, the time for their proper marriage.
But in Nigeria styles similar to the one described above are adopted irrespective of the woments [sic] ages and number of children. Women who have apparently passed childbearing age also wear such styles (plate 6), to which most of them also add according to their different tastes, beads, buttons, cowrie shells and various pieces of bright metals, whose colours contrast sharply with their black hair.
The braids of the hair, too, are in most cases not the natural hair of the wearers. According to Eve de Negri, nomadic Fulani make use of false hair, which is generally believed to have been passed down from generation to generation. The false hair is said to be intertwined with the wearer's own hair to give the long braids. However, in many cases, the braids are not attached to the natural hair, but made into wig forms attached to round strings with which they are worn or tied to the head.
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That excerpt includes photographs. That excerpt provides this related link: http://www.the-nigeria.com/2011/10/fulani-woman-cultural-stylish-hair-and.html#.U7MLiI1OVv4 "Fulani woman: Cultural Stylish Hair and Costumes"
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Excerpt #4:
From https://www.africa.com/history-african-womens-hairstyles/ A History Of African Women’s Hairstyles
By Lebogang Matshego
..."Braids and beads from the Fulani Tribe of the Sahel Region and West Africa
The Fula, or Fulani Tribe, is the largest nomadic pastoral community in the world that populate West Africa and the Sahel Region.
A very traditional hairstyle for women includes long hair being put into five long braids that either hang or are looped on the sides, with a coiffure in the middle of the head. Hair is decorated with beads and cowrie shells. A tradition that is passed through the generations to [sic] women and young girls includes attaching the family’s silver coins and amber onto braids as a heritage symbol as well as for aesthetic purposes.
The Wodaabe Tribe is a subgroup of the Fulani Tribe, also residing in the Sahel Region and West Africa. They are a pastoral nomadic tribe with an estimated population of 100,000. The young girls and women of the tribe wear a braided hairstyle similar to Fulani women, consisting of two braids on either side of the head or a few braids on their hair and a coiffure in the middle. The hair is usually decorated with beads and cowrie shells."...
-snip-
This article also include photographs and information about other African ethnic groups and their traditional hairstyles.
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SHOWCASE YOUTUBE EXAMPLES
Example #1: FULANI CULTURAL DANCE
NIGHTINGALE ACADEMY, Published on Jun 27, 2016
-snip-
This video is added to this post in part to show that Fulani females don't always wear beads, cowrie shells, and/or other ornaments in their hair.
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Example #2: Batal Pulaaku - Batal Maasogo [Clip Officiel]
FasoMixTV, Published on Nov 20, 2015
-snip-
As indicated in the Wikipedia article about the Fula (Fulani) whose link is given above "The Fulani are bound together by the common language of Fulfulde, as well as by some basic elements of Fulbe culture, such as The pulaaku , a code of conduct common to all Fulani groups."
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Example #3: Defile Traditionnel_1ere_Edition_Festival_Natal_Pulaaku 2015 [Mali]
VISUALPROD STUDIOS Agence Multimédia, Published on Jul 2, 2016
1ère Edition du FESTIVAL NATAL PULAAKU, Organisé par l'Agence BATHIA PRODUCTION les 18, 19, et 20 Décembre 2015.
Le Samedi 19 Décembre a eu lieu ce grand défilé traditionnel peul au palais de la culture de Bamako.
Couverture Médiatique: VISUALPROD STUDIOS M.A
-snip-
Google translate from French to English:
1st edition of the NATAL PULAAKU FESTIVAL, Organized by BATHIA PRODUCTION Agency on December 18th, 19th and 20th.
On Saturday, December 19th, this grand traditional Peul procession took place at the Bamako Palace of Culture.
Media Coverage: VISUALPROD STUDIOS M.A
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“Peul” is another referent for “Fula” (Fulani).
Among the clips in this almost 1 hour long video that show female hairstyles are 28:46 to 30:16.
-snip-
Here's a comment exchange from that video's discussion thread
Konièlé Kobatchegny, 2018
"This is modern dressing and is not particular to only to Fulani. The most intelligent thig is to present all ethnic group in the same showcase. Some ethnic groups intellectual would feel frustrated."
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REPLY
VISUALPROD STUDIOS Agence Multimédia, 2018
"Konièlé Kobatchegny you're right. This is exactly what we wanted to show: traditional and modern can be mixed so that young people'll je interested. We also invited other ethnics to participate in order To show that Mali is a mixed ethnics country. We ll get closer to the traditional things in the next edition. Thanks.
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Example #4: Natal Pulaaku 1ère Edition-Résumé
VISUALPROD STUDIOS Agence Multimédia, Published on Aug 19, 2016
Vidéo de présentation de la prémiere édition du Festival Natal Pulaaku. Un résumé des trois jours du Festival avec comme activités principales: les conférences, le défilé traditionnel et le grand concert de clôture.
-snip-
Google translate from French to English:
Video presentation of the first edition of the Natal Pulaaku Festival. A summary of the three days of the Festival with as main activities: the conferences, the traditional parade and the big closing concert.
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Example #5: HAWA PULLO FULBE AFRIKI TIDON DIREN
TONTON LAUSSANE KOUROUMA, Published on Oct 17, 2016
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ADDENDUM: YEMI ALADE WEARING A FULANI HAIRSTYLE IN ONE OF HER MUSIC VIDEOS
Yemi Alade - Ferrari (Official Video)
YemiAladeVEVO, Published on Mar 25, 2016
Following the release of Yemi Alade's critically acclaimed sophomore album "Mama Africa (The Diary of an African Woman)"; the Effyzzie Music diva releases the music video for "Ferrari".
The high-life track which is produced by DJ Coublon and features strings from Fiokee serves as the album's official third single; following the dance anthem "Do As I Do" featuring DJ Arafat and the Selebobo assisted gratitude preaching hit "Na Gode".
The music video for "Ferrari" was shot by the award-winning Clarence Peters and features Nollywood heartthrob Kunle Remi. Watch, share, enjoy and buy "Mama Africa (The Diary Of An African Woman)"!
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Nigerian Afrobeats singer Yemi Alade is known for wearing African fashions in her videos. In portions of this video, Alade wears her hair in one of the Fulani's traditional braided hairstyles.
In Nigeria, Fulanis are mostly from the Northern regions of Nigeria, West Africa. Yemi Alade is Yoruba/Igbo (or Igbo/Yoruba) ancestry.
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This concludes Part II of this two part pancocojams series.
Thanks for visiting pancocojams.
Visitor comments are welcome.
This is Part II in a four part pancocojams series that provides information about African originated or African inspired braided hairstyles for females.
This post is a continuation of a 2014 pancocojams post entitled "Examples Of Fulani (African) Female Beaded Or Ornamental Hairstyles (videos & quotes)" http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2014/07/examples-of-fulani-african-female.html.
Since 2014 when I published that first pancocojams post on this subject, long beaded and/or otherwise ornamented micro (thin) braids have become more popular among Black American females (particularly pre-teen and teenage girls, and young adult women). These various hairstyles are collectively termed "Fulani braids" as they are said to be inspired by traditional Fulani hairstyles.
Like that previous pancocojams post, this post presents excerpts from several online articles about Fulani (African) culture and showcases videos about Fulani culture with special focus on Fulani females' beaded hairstyles.
The videos that are showcased in this post are different than the ones that are featured in that 2014 pancocojams post.
The Addendum to this post showcases a video of Nigerian Afrobeats singer Yemi Alade wearing her hair in one of the traditional Fulani hairstyles for women.
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Click http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2018/02/five-youtube-examples-of-african.html for Part I of this series. Part I includes my transcription Of a November 1979 Ebony Magazine article about the emerging popularity among African American adults of unadorned braids or braids with beads. Part I also showcase several videos of African American performing artists wearing their hair in braids with beads, cowrie shells, and/or other ornaments.
Part III presents excerpts of several online articles about Black females' braided hairstyles that are inspired by Fulani and/or other African culture.
Part IV showcases three African American hair tutorial videos about "Fulani braids" with beads and/or other ornaments. Selected comments from these videos' discussion threads are also included in that post.
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The content of this post is presented for historical, cultural, entertainment, and aesthetic purposes.
All copy rights remain with their owners.
Thanks to the authors of the excerpts that are included in this post. Thanks also to all those who are featured in these embedded YouTube videos and thanks to the publishers of these videos on YouTube.
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PANCOCOJAMS EDITOR'S NOTE
The term "Fulani braids" that has been used since around 2016 in the United States and probably elsewhere refers to a number of different braided hairstyles for Black females that have beads and/or other ornaments added to the braids. These hairstyles are said to be inspired by the Fulani ethnic group of West Africa and the Sahel.*
As used in the United States, "Fulani braids" hairstyles are said to be inspired by traditional Fulani hairstyles for females, but aren't necessarily the same as those traditional hairstyles. One significant difference is that traditional Fulani braids are much shorter than the length of braids in the United States.
These braided with beads hairstyles have sometimes also been referred to as "Alicia Keys braids", after the African American R&B/Soul singer and pianist who popularized that hairstyle in the video of her 2001 hit record "Fallin'". However, hairstyles that are braided with or without beads, cowrie shells, and/or other ornaments has long been a custom for Black girls in the United States and throughout much of the world. Furthermore, a few African American performing artists have worn long braids with beads since the mid 1970s.
-snip-
*"The Sahel part of Africa includes (from west to east) parts of northern Senegal, southern Mauritania, central Mali, northern Burkina Faso, the extreme south of Algeria, Niger, the extreme north of Nigeria, central Chad, central and southern Sudan, the extreme north of South Sudan, Eritrea, Cameroon, Central African Republic and extreme north of Ethiopia.
Historically, the western part of the Sahel was sometimes known as the Sudan region.[5] This belt was roughly located between the Sahara and the coastal areas of West Africa." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel
****
EXCERPTS FROM FOUR ONLINE ARTICLES ABOUT FULANI CULTURE AND FULANI BRAIDS WITH ORNAMENTS HAIRSTYLES
[Pancocojams Editor's Note: Excerpt #3 is also given in the previously mentioned 2014 pancocojams post on this subject.]
Excerpt #1
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fula_people
"The Fula people or Fulani or Fulɓe (Fula: Fulɓe; French: Peul; Hausa: Fulani; Portuguese: Fula; Wolof: Pël; Bambara: Fulaw) are one of the largest ethnolinguistic groups in Africa, numbering approximately 40 million people in total. They form one of the most widely dispersed and culturally diverse of the peoples of Africa.[16] The Fulani are bound together by the common language of Fulfulde, as well as by some basic elements of Fulbe culture, such as The pulaaku , a code of conduct common to all Fulani groups.
A significant proportion of their number, (an estimated 13 million), are nomadic, making them the largest pastoral nomadic group in the world.[17] Spread over many countries, they are found mainly in West Africa and northern parts of Central Africa, but also in Sudan and Egypt. [18]"...
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Excerpt #2
From http://africanbloodsiblings.wordpress.com/2011/12/09/hairstyles-in-african-culture
"Hairstyles in African Culture"
...A coiffure is perfected by various decorations: cowries, beads, mother-of-pearl buttons, medals, pieces of silver, amber balls, metal rings, and pins of wood, bone or ivory. In the West African Sahel, the Fulbe and Peul (Fulani) cultivate impressive hairstyles.
For purposes to do with magic, a man or woman may also attach amulets to certain hairdos. The more elaborate coiffure includes braids, crests, curls, cascades, chignons, and vertical cornrows."...
-snip-
That blogpost includes additional information and photographs of Fulani and other African hairstyles.from the book Hair in African Art and Culture, Edit by Roy Sieber and Frank Herreman, The Museum for African Art, New York, 2000.
****
Excerpt #3
From http://www.webpulaaku.net/defte/adepegba/body_ornaments.html
C.O. Adepegba "Decorative Arts of the Fulani Nomads"
Ibadan. Ibadan University Press. 1986. 48 p.
Body Ornaments of the Fulani Nomads [with photographs]
...."In northeastern Nigeria, and in fact from Borno down to the Cameroons, nomadic Fulani women prefer to pack a substantial amount of their hair into the centre of the head like a flat bed stretching from the forehead to the back with hanging braids to the sides and the back.
In other parts of Nigeria, the female Fulani nomads use simple thick, hanging braids, usually one on each side of the face and a big one or some smaller ones at the back. The focus on the sides and back of the head in their hair styling is to ensure that the ornamental purpose for which the hair is done, is not defeated, as elaborate designs on top of the head will be covered by their usual headloads.
Similarly hanging braids, two falling on the cheeks, and ornamented with a white bead under the chin are reported to be worn by Fulani women of Dori who have just had their first baby, in other words, recently married, as Fulani women are not considered properly married until they have their first babies. The hanging braids together with the braids on the nape of her neck, which look like multiple fringes ornamented with stones, are said to symbolize wisdom and calmness, expedient of a new mother of a family 5. But such symbolic association does not seem to hold for such braids of Nigerian Fulani women. This is not to say that special hair styles are not made for that stage of life, the time for their proper marriage.
But in Nigeria styles similar to the one described above are adopted irrespective of the woments [sic] ages and number of children. Women who have apparently passed childbearing age also wear such styles (plate 6), to which most of them also add according to their different tastes, beads, buttons, cowrie shells and various pieces of bright metals, whose colours contrast sharply with their black hair.
The braids of the hair, too, are in most cases not the natural hair of the wearers. According to Eve de Negri, nomadic Fulani make use of false hair, which is generally believed to have been passed down from generation to generation. The false hair is said to be intertwined with the wearer's own hair to give the long braids. However, in many cases, the braids are not attached to the natural hair, but made into wig forms attached to round strings with which they are worn or tied to the head.
-snip-
That excerpt includes photographs. That excerpt provides this related link: http://www.the-nigeria.com/2011/10/fulani-woman-cultural-stylish-hair-and.html#.U7MLiI1OVv4 "Fulani woman: Cultural Stylish Hair and Costumes"
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Excerpt #4:
From https://www.africa.com/history-african-womens-hairstyles/ A History Of African Women’s Hairstyles
By Lebogang Matshego
..."Braids and beads from the Fulani Tribe of the Sahel Region and West Africa
The Fula, or Fulani Tribe, is the largest nomadic pastoral community in the world that populate West Africa and the Sahel Region.
A very traditional hairstyle for women includes long hair being put into five long braids that either hang or are looped on the sides, with a coiffure in the middle of the head. Hair is decorated with beads and cowrie shells. A tradition that is passed through the generations to [sic] women and young girls includes attaching the family’s silver coins and amber onto braids as a heritage symbol as well as for aesthetic purposes.
The Wodaabe Tribe is a subgroup of the Fulani Tribe, also residing in the Sahel Region and West Africa. They are a pastoral nomadic tribe with an estimated population of 100,000. The young girls and women of the tribe wear a braided hairstyle similar to Fulani women, consisting of two braids on either side of the head or a few braids on their hair and a coiffure in the middle. The hair is usually decorated with beads and cowrie shells."...
-snip-
This article also include photographs and information about other African ethnic groups and their traditional hairstyles.
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SHOWCASE YOUTUBE EXAMPLES
Example #1: FULANI CULTURAL DANCE
NIGHTINGALE ACADEMY, Published on Jun 27, 2016
-snip-
This video is added to this post in part to show that Fulani females don't always wear beads, cowrie shells, and/or other ornaments in their hair.
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Example #2: Batal Pulaaku - Batal Maasogo [Clip Officiel]
FasoMixTV, Published on Nov 20, 2015
-snip-
As indicated in the Wikipedia article about the Fula (Fulani) whose link is given above "The Fulani are bound together by the common language of Fulfulde, as well as by some basic elements of Fulbe culture, such as The pulaaku , a code of conduct common to all Fulani groups."
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Example #3: Defile Traditionnel_1ere_Edition_Festival_Natal_Pulaaku 2015 [Mali]
VISUALPROD STUDIOS Agence Multimédia, Published on Jul 2, 2016
1ère Edition du FESTIVAL NATAL PULAAKU, Organisé par l'Agence BATHIA PRODUCTION les 18, 19, et 20 Décembre 2015.
Le Samedi 19 Décembre a eu lieu ce grand défilé traditionnel peul au palais de la culture de Bamako.
Couverture Médiatique: VISUALPROD STUDIOS M.A
-snip-
Google translate from French to English:
1st edition of the NATAL PULAAKU FESTIVAL, Organized by BATHIA PRODUCTION Agency on December 18th, 19th and 20th.
On Saturday, December 19th, this grand traditional Peul procession took place at the Bamako Palace of Culture.
Media Coverage: VISUALPROD STUDIOS M.A
-snip-
“Peul” is another referent for “Fula” (Fulani).
Among the clips in this almost 1 hour long video that show female hairstyles are 28:46 to 30:16.
-snip-
Here's a comment exchange from that video's discussion thread
Konièlé Kobatchegny, 2018
"This is modern dressing and is not particular to only to Fulani. The most intelligent thig is to present all ethnic group in the same showcase. Some ethnic groups intellectual would feel frustrated."
**
REPLY
VISUALPROD STUDIOS Agence Multimédia, 2018
"Konièlé Kobatchegny you're right. This is exactly what we wanted to show: traditional and modern can be mixed so that young people'll je interested. We also invited other ethnics to participate in order To show that Mali is a mixed ethnics country. We ll get closer to the traditional things in the next edition. Thanks.
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Example #4: Natal Pulaaku 1ère Edition-Résumé
VISUALPROD STUDIOS Agence Multimédia, Published on Aug 19, 2016
Vidéo de présentation de la prémiere édition du Festival Natal Pulaaku. Un résumé des trois jours du Festival avec comme activités principales: les conférences, le défilé traditionnel et le grand concert de clôture.
-snip-
Google translate from French to English:
Video presentation of the first edition of the Natal Pulaaku Festival. A summary of the three days of the Festival with as main activities: the conferences, the traditional parade and the big closing concert.
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Example #5: HAWA PULLO FULBE AFRIKI TIDON DIREN
TONTON LAUSSANE KOUROUMA, Published on Oct 17, 2016
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ADDENDUM: YEMI ALADE WEARING A FULANI HAIRSTYLE IN ONE OF HER MUSIC VIDEOS
Yemi Alade - Ferrari (Official Video)
YemiAladeVEVO, Published on Mar 25, 2016
Following the release of Yemi Alade's critically acclaimed sophomore album "Mama Africa (The Diary of an African Woman)"; the Effyzzie Music diva releases the music video for "Ferrari".
The high-life track which is produced by DJ Coublon and features strings from Fiokee serves as the album's official third single; following the dance anthem "Do As I Do" featuring DJ Arafat and the Selebobo assisted gratitude preaching hit "Na Gode".
The music video for "Ferrari" was shot by the award-winning Clarence Peters and features Nollywood heartthrob Kunle Remi. Watch, share, enjoy and buy "Mama Africa (The Diary Of An African Woman)"!
-snip-
Nigerian Afrobeats singer Yemi Alade is known for wearing African fashions in her videos. In portions of this video, Alade wears her hair in one of the Fulani's traditional braided hairstyles.
In Nigeria, Fulanis are mostly from the Northern regions of Nigeria, West Africa. Yemi Alade is Yoruba/Igbo (or Igbo/Yoruba) ancestry.
****
This concludes Part II of this two part pancocojams series.
Thanks for visiting pancocojams.
Visitor comments are welcome.
Sunday, July 3, 2016
Hausa Music & Fulani Music In Nigeria (Music In Islamic West Africa)
Edited by Azizi Powell
This post provides information about music in the Northern region of Nigeria and showcases a very small sample of traditional and contemporary northern Nigerian music and dance.
Selected comments from some of these video's discussion threads are included in this post along with explanatory information about terms that are mentioned in the title or the summary statement of two of the showcased videos.
This is the third post in a continuing pancocojams series about music in Islamic Africa. Click the tab below for other posts in this series.
The content of this post is presented for cultural, entertainment, and aesthetic purposes.
All copyrights remain with their owners.
Thanks to all those singers, musicians, and dancers who are featured in these videos. Thanks also to all those who are quoted in this post, and thanks to the publishers of these examples on YouTube.
****
INFORMATION ABOUT MUSIC IN NORTHERN NIGERIA
From http://musicinafrica.net/traditional-music-northern-nigeria "Traditional music in northern Nigeria" Nov 11, 2015 • by In-house Nigeria By E.I Aimiuwu
...."The Hausa, Fulani and the Kanuri uses of music is well known and is not much different from the use of music in any African communities except for the restrictions that follow Muslim influences. Traditional music of the people found in the Middle Belt or North Central Nigeria are usually done to worship the gods of the lands before they were conquered by the Jihadists and later on colonialized by the British. However, some of the people of North Central Nigeria were not conquered before the British colonization, proclamation of the Northern protectorate and they were able to keep and practice some of their traditional music style that usually follows the Hausa ceremonial music styles dominated by praise singers.
According to Bode Omojola in his book ‘Nigeria Art Music’, the advent of Islam has, however, not completely eroded traditional, pre-Islamic religious practices which still survive today mainly in the north central zone of northern Nigeria. One of such musical practice which still survives and is thriving among the Islamic dominated area in the north is the Bori possession Music.
Bori music is a type of music believed to have enormous spiritual power which can help worshippers to reach a state of ecstasy through which they can communicate directly with their ancestral spirits. In the New Grove Dictionary of Music, A. King observed Hausa professional musicians belong to a distinct social class which has the character of an euedaus within the society because of its low social status, hereditary membership and dependence on patronage. Such patronage is usually provided by the emir, palace officials and chiefs who till today constitute the aristocrats, the feudal Lords in traditional Hausa northern society.
In other words, musical practice in the north is closely and seriously controlled by religious, social and political consideration. As a result of Islamic introduction to the area around the 13th century, the region’s music is influenced by Arabic and Islamic elements. Serious musical performances are frequently held in the palace to entertain the Emir, and paramount rulers or chiefs under serious unadulterated Islamic culture. During such performances the Emir’s visitors and subjects are entrained in front of the palace. In such occasions the Emir restates his religious and political authority while his subjects reaffirm their confidence in the authority of the Emir or chief and the acceptance of his leadership. For example ‘in Katsina, when an Emir is to be crowned, the Yanibari drum is struck 12 times so that the people can know that they have a new Emir’.”…
The advent of Islam and Christianity and the western government system changed all that was in traditional music performance and practice. The tradition and practices of traditional music changed drastically from that of communal to that of individual. Hence, the emergence of solo or group traditional musicians that took advantage of traditional music revival as a result of the FESTAC '77 (The Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture that held in Nigeria in 1977)—one of the greatest musical events that brought traditional African music a universal recognition....
Suffice to say that traditional music in the North Central is now the link between the old and new traditional music that gave birth to popular music. Traditional music has found solace in the establishments of states and Federal musical troupes.
The government should therefore establish more musical groups in all the local government areas throughout the federation to fill the gap created by the abolition of authority of the traditional rulers to prevent a total extinction of traditional music as we know it in pre-Islamic/Christianity and colonial rule. That will create room for youths to go into the study and practice of traditional music for economic growth and preservation of our rich musical culture."
****
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_of_Northern_Nigeria
"The cinema of Northern Nigeria informally called Kannywood. It is mainly based in Kano, Nigeria.
Like its people, the film-makers in Nigeria are divided largely along regional, and marginally ethnic and religious, lines. Thus, there are distinct film industries – each seeking to portray the concern of the particular section and ethnicity it represents. Although the films produced in the South mostly use English, the use of Pidgin-English, a creole form of English developed in the south has made southern films largely unattractive. The few ones rendered in the local language also hardly attracts much attention. Ibrahim, Muhsin. "Hausa film: Compatible or incompatible with Islam?,". Performing Islam….
2000's
By 2012, over 2000 film companies were registered with the Kano State Filmmakers Association.[3] In 2003, with the rise of the Izala and the coming to power of Ibrahim Shekarau; the then ultrareligious government of Kano initiated an iconoclastic campaign against Kannywood. Numerous movies deemed irreligious were censored and some film makers were jailed. This reversed some the gains Kannywood had made and allowed the Southern Nigerian film industry to supersede it.
In 2007, the Hiyana Affair: when the sex tape of a popular actress became public led to a severe backlash from the then Islamist government of Kano State under Ibrahim Shekarau. Shekarau went on to institute censorship with the support of the Izala Society and other Islamist organisations, Kannywood and the equally popular Hausa romantic novel industry were severely censored, actors, actresses and writers were jailed by the state government[2] and books and other media materials were burnt by the Governor himself.[2] In 2011 the replacement of the Islamist government by a much more liberal government led by the PDP led to a more favourable atmosphere for the Industry.”...
****
SHOWCASE VIDEOS
These examples are given in chronological order based on their publishing date on YouTube with the oldest example given first.
Example #1: Hausa-Fulani music from Nigeria
AhavaYah Uploaded on Dec 11, 2008
Nigerian music
****
Example #2: zazzau praise singers
aliyu suleiman Uploaded on Dec 27, 2011
praise singers during wamban dawaki's turbaning
-snip-
Information about Zazzau:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zazzau
"The Zazzau, also known as the Zaria Emirate is a traditional state with headquarters in the city of Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. As of September 2015 the emir was Alhaji Shehu Idris.[1]
Early Hausa kingdom
Our most important source for the early history of Zazau is a chronicle composed in the early twentieth century from oral tradition. It tells the traditional story of the foundation of the Hausa kingdoms by Bayajidda, a culture hero and gives a list of rulers, along with the length of their reigns. According to this chronology, the original Hausa or Habe kingdom is said to date from the 11th century, founded by King Gunguma.[2] This source also makes it one of the seven Hausa Bakwai states. Zazzau's most famous early ruler was Queen (or princess) Amina, who ruled either in the mid-fifteenth or mid-sixteenth centuries, and was held by Muhammed Bello, an early nineteenth century Hausa historian and the second Sultan of Sokoto, to have been the first to establish a kingdom among the Hausa.[3]"
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Example #3: Hausa traditional music near Malumfashi
warren hill, Published on Apr 30, 2012
-snip-
"Malumfashi (or Malum Fashi) is a Local Government Area in Katsina State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Malumfashi." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malumfashi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malumfashi
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Example #4: Fulani {Ful6e} of Nigeria. www.facebook.com/zonefulbe
Gidado Published on Nov 7, 2012
http://www.facebook.com/ZoneFulbe
Nigeria, is Africa's Largest nation, and about 9-10% of Nigerians, are Fulani. With a total Population of about some 16.5 Million Ful6e, Nigeria turns out to be Africa's Largest Fulani country as well. Here is a compilation of various Fulani faces, from across the country....Enjoy.
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Example #5: Sarakuna.DAT
Naziru M. Ahmad Published on Jan 31, 2013
Hausa Song
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Example #6: Garnakaki 2.DAT
Naziru M. Ahmad Published on Jan 31, 2013
Hausa Song
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Example #7: Fulani 1 song
Morou Zouhedou. Published on Mar 14, 2013
-snip-
Selected comments from this video's discussion thread:
Sabry omer, 2014
"Sorry this is not the Fulani language the video is dubbing Fulani people
**
Reply
"mack rodrigo, 2015
"+Sabry omer this is hausa..its hausa mix.. but mostly fulani people in video."
**
Reply
Ku_Tube, 2016
"+Sabry omer and others may not know (a thing).. this a song of a film performed in Hausa language, FULANI 1 is song of part one of the film called Fulani, that is aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaall and please do not tell us this here, go to Nigeria and ask them why this happens."
**
Jallo101, 2015
"It's not a fulani song , they are singing in haussa. I hadn't heard any fulfulde word in this song. The title is not appropriate better call it haussa song."
**
Reply
Pranking Strangers, 2016
"because its a Hausa movie... they wanted to promote the tradition and culture of Fulani's bcz Hausa tradition has overshadowed it in northern region"
****
Thanks for visiting pancocojams.
Visitor comments are welcome.
This post provides information about music in the Northern region of Nigeria and showcases a very small sample of traditional and contemporary northern Nigerian music and dance.
Selected comments from some of these video's discussion threads are included in this post along with explanatory information about terms that are mentioned in the title or the summary statement of two of the showcased videos.
This is the third post in a continuing pancocojams series about music in Islamic Africa. Click the tab below for other posts in this series.
The content of this post is presented for cultural, entertainment, and aesthetic purposes.
All copyrights remain with their owners.
Thanks to all those singers, musicians, and dancers who are featured in these videos. Thanks also to all those who are quoted in this post, and thanks to the publishers of these examples on YouTube.
****
INFORMATION ABOUT MUSIC IN NORTHERN NIGERIA
From http://musicinafrica.net/traditional-music-northern-nigeria "Traditional music in northern Nigeria" Nov 11, 2015 • by In-house Nigeria By E.I Aimiuwu
...."The Hausa, Fulani and the Kanuri uses of music is well known and is not much different from the use of music in any African communities except for the restrictions that follow Muslim influences. Traditional music of the people found in the Middle Belt or North Central Nigeria are usually done to worship the gods of the lands before they were conquered by the Jihadists and later on colonialized by the British. However, some of the people of North Central Nigeria were not conquered before the British colonization, proclamation of the Northern protectorate and they were able to keep and practice some of their traditional music style that usually follows the Hausa ceremonial music styles dominated by praise singers.
According to Bode Omojola in his book ‘Nigeria Art Music’, the advent of Islam has, however, not completely eroded traditional, pre-Islamic religious practices which still survive today mainly in the north central zone of northern Nigeria. One of such musical practice which still survives and is thriving among the Islamic dominated area in the north is the Bori possession Music.
Bori music is a type of music believed to have enormous spiritual power which can help worshippers to reach a state of ecstasy through which they can communicate directly with their ancestral spirits. In the New Grove Dictionary of Music, A. King observed Hausa professional musicians belong to a distinct social class which has the character of an euedaus within the society because of its low social status, hereditary membership and dependence on patronage. Such patronage is usually provided by the emir, palace officials and chiefs who till today constitute the aristocrats, the feudal Lords in traditional Hausa northern society.
In other words, musical practice in the north is closely and seriously controlled by religious, social and political consideration. As a result of Islamic introduction to the area around the 13th century, the region’s music is influenced by Arabic and Islamic elements. Serious musical performances are frequently held in the palace to entertain the Emir, and paramount rulers or chiefs under serious unadulterated Islamic culture. During such performances the Emir’s visitors and subjects are entrained in front of the palace. In such occasions the Emir restates his religious and political authority while his subjects reaffirm their confidence in the authority of the Emir or chief and the acceptance of his leadership. For example ‘in Katsina, when an Emir is to be crowned, the Yanibari drum is struck 12 times so that the people can know that they have a new Emir’.”…
The advent of Islam and Christianity and the western government system changed all that was in traditional music performance and practice. The tradition and practices of traditional music changed drastically from that of communal to that of individual. Hence, the emergence of solo or group traditional musicians that took advantage of traditional music revival as a result of the FESTAC '77 (The Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture that held in Nigeria in 1977)—one of the greatest musical events that brought traditional African music a universal recognition....
Suffice to say that traditional music in the North Central is now the link between the old and new traditional music that gave birth to popular music. Traditional music has found solace in the establishments of states and Federal musical troupes.
The government should therefore establish more musical groups in all the local government areas throughout the federation to fill the gap created by the abolition of authority of the traditional rulers to prevent a total extinction of traditional music as we know it in pre-Islamic/Christianity and colonial rule. That will create room for youths to go into the study and practice of traditional music for economic growth and preservation of our rich musical culture."
****
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_of_Northern_Nigeria
"The cinema of Northern Nigeria informally called Kannywood. It is mainly based in Kano, Nigeria.
Like its people, the film-makers in Nigeria are divided largely along regional, and marginally ethnic and religious, lines. Thus, there are distinct film industries – each seeking to portray the concern of the particular section and ethnicity it represents. Although the films produced in the South mostly use English, the use of Pidgin-English, a creole form of English developed in the south has made southern films largely unattractive. The few ones rendered in the local language also hardly attracts much attention. Ibrahim, Muhsin. "Hausa film: Compatible or incompatible with Islam?,". Performing Islam….
2000's
By 2012, over 2000 film companies were registered with the Kano State Filmmakers Association.[3] In 2003, with the rise of the Izala and the coming to power of Ibrahim Shekarau; the then ultrareligious government of Kano initiated an iconoclastic campaign against Kannywood. Numerous movies deemed irreligious were censored and some film makers were jailed. This reversed some the gains Kannywood had made and allowed the Southern Nigerian film industry to supersede it.
In 2007, the Hiyana Affair: when the sex tape of a popular actress became public led to a severe backlash from the then Islamist government of Kano State under Ibrahim Shekarau. Shekarau went on to institute censorship with the support of the Izala Society and other Islamist organisations, Kannywood and the equally popular Hausa romantic novel industry were severely censored, actors, actresses and writers were jailed by the state government[2] and books and other media materials were burnt by the Governor himself.[2] In 2011 the replacement of the Islamist government by a much more liberal government led by the PDP led to a more favourable atmosphere for the Industry.”...
****
SHOWCASE VIDEOS
These examples are given in chronological order based on their publishing date on YouTube with the oldest example given first.
Example #1: Hausa-Fulani music from Nigeria
AhavaYah Uploaded on Dec 11, 2008
Nigerian music
****
Example #2: zazzau praise singers
aliyu suleiman Uploaded on Dec 27, 2011
praise singers during wamban dawaki's turbaning
-snip-
Information about Zazzau:
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zazzau
"The Zazzau, also known as the Zaria Emirate is a traditional state with headquarters in the city of Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. As of September 2015 the emir was Alhaji Shehu Idris.[1]
Early Hausa kingdom
Our most important source for the early history of Zazau is a chronicle composed in the early twentieth century from oral tradition. It tells the traditional story of the foundation of the Hausa kingdoms by Bayajidda, a culture hero and gives a list of rulers, along with the length of their reigns. According to this chronology, the original Hausa or Habe kingdom is said to date from the 11th century, founded by King Gunguma.[2] This source also makes it one of the seven Hausa Bakwai states. Zazzau's most famous early ruler was Queen (or princess) Amina, who ruled either in the mid-fifteenth or mid-sixteenth centuries, and was held by Muhammed Bello, an early nineteenth century Hausa historian and the second Sultan of Sokoto, to have been the first to establish a kingdom among the Hausa.[3]"
****
Example #3: Hausa traditional music near Malumfashi
warren hill, Published on Apr 30, 2012
-snip-
"Malumfashi (or Malum Fashi) is a Local Government Area in Katsina State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Malumfashi." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malumfashi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malumfashi
****
Example #4: Fulani {Ful6e} of Nigeria. www.facebook.com/zonefulbe
Gidado Published on Nov 7, 2012
http://www.facebook.com/ZoneFulbe
Nigeria, is Africa's Largest nation, and about 9-10% of Nigerians, are Fulani. With a total Population of about some 16.5 Million Ful6e, Nigeria turns out to be Africa's Largest Fulani country as well. Here is a compilation of various Fulani faces, from across the country....Enjoy.
****
Example #5: Sarakuna.DAT
Naziru M. Ahmad Published on Jan 31, 2013
Hausa Song
****
Example #6: Garnakaki 2.DAT
Naziru M. Ahmad Published on Jan 31, 2013
Hausa Song
****
Example #7: Fulani 1 song
Morou Zouhedou. Published on Mar 14, 2013
-snip-
Selected comments from this video's discussion thread:
Sabry omer, 2014
"Sorry this is not the Fulani language the video is dubbing Fulani people
**
Reply
"mack rodrigo, 2015
"+Sabry omer this is hausa..its hausa mix.. but mostly fulani people in video."
**
Reply
Ku_Tube, 2016
"+Sabry omer and others may not know (a thing).. this a song of a film performed in Hausa language, FULANI 1 is song of part one of the film called Fulani, that is aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaall and please do not tell us this here, go to Nigeria and ask them why this happens."
**
Jallo101, 2015
"It's not a fulani song , they are singing in haussa. I hadn't heard any fulfulde word in this song. The title is not appropriate better call it haussa song."
**
Reply
Pranking Strangers, 2016
"because its a Hausa movie... they wanted to promote the tradition and culture of Fulani's bcz Hausa tradition has overshadowed it in northern region"
****
Thanks for visiting pancocojams.
Visitor comments are welcome.
Tuesday, October 20, 2015
Five Videos Of Fulas' Tambin (Flute) Music
Edited by Azizi Powell
This post showcases five videos of Fulas' (Fulanis', Peuls') Tambin (Flute) music. Selected comments from some of these videos' discussion threads are also included in this post.
Information about the Fulanis (Fulas)is included in this post.
This subject was prompted by this comment in a previous pancocojams' post:
ahmmsh, 2013
"From hearing the flute I can tell they are the descendants of Fulani people who were enslaved by Berbers and Songhai, and sold to the Arabs. The Fulanis call this flute "Tambin", you can see videos of the fulani tambin on youtube too..
I wish the Haratines dignity, freedom and success in this new world that no longer recognises the evils of slavery and racism."
wMauritania's Haritans (Black Moors') Neifara (Flute) music."
http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2015/10/eight-examples-of-haritans-neifara.html Eight Examples Of Haritan's Neifara (Flute) Music (Mauritania)
-snip-
That particular video and one additional video of Haritans' Neifara music from that post are included in the Addendum to this post.
The content of this post is presented for historical, cultural, entertainment, and aesthetic purposes.
All copyrights remain with their owners.
Thanks to all those who are featured in this post. Thanks also to the publishers of these examples on YouTube, and thanks to all those who are quoted in this post.
****
INFORMATION ABOUT THE FULANIS
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fula_people
"The Fula people or Fulani or Fulɓe (Fula: Fulɓe; French: Peul; Hausa: Fulani; Portuguese: Fula; Wolof: Pël; Bambara: Fulaw) numbering approximately 20 million people in total are one of the most widely dispersed and culturally diverse of the peoples of Africa.[5] The Fulani are bound together by the common language of Fulfulde, as well as by some basic elements of Fulbe culture, such as the pulaaku, a code of conduct common to all Fulani groups.
A significant proportion of their number, (an estimated 13 million), are nomadic, making them the largest pastoral nomadic group in the world.[6] Spread over many countries, they are found mainly in West Africa and northern parts of Central Africa, but also in Sudan and Egypt.[7]
...Fulani music is as varied as its people. The numerous sub-groups all maintain unique repertoires of music and dance. Songs and dances reflect traditional life and are specifically designed for each individual occasion. Music is played at any occasion: when herding cattle, working in the fields, preparing food, or at the temple. Music is extremely important to the village life cycle with field cultivation, harvest and winnowing of millet performed to the rhythm of the songs and drums.
Fulani herders have a special affinity for the flute and violin nianioru... The truly Fulani instruments are the one-string viola of the Fulani (nianioru), the flute, the two to five string lute hoddu or molo, and the buuba and bawdi set of drums. But they are also influenced by the other instruments of the region such as the beautiful West African harp, the kora, and the balafon. Entertainment is the role of certain casts. The performance of music is the realm of specialized casts. The Griots or Awlube recite the history of the people, places and events of the community."...
****
SHOWCASE EXAMPLES
These examples are given in chronological order according to their publishing dates on YouTube with the oldest dated example given first.
The comments are given in chronological order, except for responses. However, they may not be in consecutive order.
Example #1: Flute Lesson with Lancinet Conde of Les Ballets Africains
Alan Tauber, Uploaded on Jan 25, 2009
****
Example #2: ABOU DIARRA ft DRAMANE DEMBELÉ - Live session "An ka belebele"
Abou Diarra, Uploaded on Jun 23, 2010
Abou Diarra et Dramane Dembelé. Festival des Jardins de Rochefort le 5 juin 2010.
-snip-
Selected comments from this video's discussion thread:
MOA Photography, 2013
"it is fantastic!!!!! what is the name of the tool that looks like a flute?"
**
leftysergeant, 2013
in reply to MOA Photography
"It is called the tambin or Peuhl (Fula) flute, typical of Mali, Guinea and Senegal."
**
Egunjobi, 2013
"@Aboungoni, who is the Flutist?"
**
Abou Diarra, 2013
Reply
"Hello, Le joueur de flute s'appelle Dramane Dembelé."
-snip-
Google Translate from French to English:
Hello, The flute player is called Dramane Dembele.
**
leftysergeant, 2013
"Does anyone have a problem with my using the term "absolute freaking GENIUS?"
I have never seen anyone play the kamel ngoni like that before. The percussive sounds he coaxes out of it are amazing.
I must find more examples of these people's work."
**
Egunjobi, 2013
in reply to leftysergeant
"Jam Tan ! Don't forget the Brotha' on the Tambin(Fulani Flute). Me welltima"
**
leftysergeant, 2013
in reply to Egunjobi
"I am sure that he will in time be recognized as the master of the instrument for his generation. I have heard a few old men do better, but not by much."
**
[written in response to a comment that that instrument was a Kora and not a Ngoni]
leftysergeant, 2013
in reply to TheTrapperjaw
"They may have a similar origin, but the kamale ngoni is derived from the Donso ngoni of the Donso hunter caste of the Wassoulou region. Some time in the 1960 it was modified intro its current form and has served as the basis for the characteristic popular music of the Wassoulou region. Much of Oumou Sangare's recordings and stage performances are accompanied by the kamale ngoni. The kamale ngoni has only 8-12 strings, while the kora has 21. and is larger and held differently."
**
Gene Emerson, 2014
"Absolutely beautiful! The harmony between the two musicians, just wonderful. Do I hear the word Senegal in the song? Thanks to the explanation @left sergeant and@Abou Diarra, I have a better understanding of these magnificent West African instruments. Bravo!"
**
Djimt Cie, 2014
Reply
"Yes, Senegali in bambara. You'll have to learn more..."
**
mohamed sow, 2014
"God bless Mali and burkina fasso. This is our tradition song. Specialy decicated to hunters"
****
Example #3: Fallou Sy, ich spiele eine Tambin Fulani Flöte
f25824 Uploaded on Jan 5, 2010
Fallou Sy, ich spiele eine Tambin Fulani Flöte. Es tanzt das National-balett des Senegal. Ich spiele eine traditionelle,spezielle Obertonflöte Flöte. Es ist eine Tambin auch Fulani genannt.
-snip-
Google Translate from German to English:
Fallou Sy, I play a Tambin Fulani flute. [I'm a member of the dance group] the National Ballet of Senegal. I play a traditional, special overtone flute. It is also known as Fulani Tambin.
****
Example #4: Fula Flute "Bao Fello"
Sylvain Leroux, Uploaded on May 5, 2011
Fula Flute presents Bailo Bah performing the song "Bao Fello" in an environment of works by French sculptor Alain Kirili. Special thanks to Alain and Arianne for the use of their loft and enthusiastic support. © Fula Flute Music 2011 www.fulaflute.net
-snip-
Selected comments from this video's discussion thread:
md2v4, 2012
"fula's masters of the flutes."
**
fulaqueen, 2012
"The flute represent all of us proud fulani people puular all the way onyodaramaaaa"
**
nikolaus gerszewski, 2014
"This reminds me of the “Prague Experiment” of which I have read with Jakob Ullmann. As I can no longer find the part, I must rely on my memory: The experiment took place in the 1930s. An african flute player visited the town of Prague to perform one of his compositions. A western flute player, who had the reputation of being able to repeat any piece of music after a single listening, was engaged to replay the Africans composition. So he repeated note for note of what he believed to have heard. However the African said, this was not his piece. So he was required to play his composition again himself. Yet no one in the audience could recognize any correspondence between the first and the second performance. The audience was obviously accustomed to focus on melodic progression, i.e. sequence of pitches and durations; and so was the western flute player. The African instead focussed on the shape of the sound itself, i.e. the subtle mixture ratios of tone and breath; pitch and duration were not even secondary parameters. Since the western audience did not know the code, they were literally unable to hear the music."
**
Gidado, 2014
"Change your Spelling in the title from "Bao fello" to "BAAWO FERLO".... That is the correct spelling in Fulfulde."
****
Example #5: OUSMANE BAH Fula flute Senegal
Ariel Nahum Published on Jun 10, 2012
fulani@walla.com
****
ADDENDUM- TWO VIDEOS OF HARITANS' NEIFARA (FLUTE) MUSIC (MAURITANIA)
Example #1: yelallkom mesoeydik Music Mauritania
bellewarmedia.com Uploaded on Jul 18, 2008
-snip-
Here's a comment from this video's discussion thread:
Diallo Gouné, 2015
sa me fait un grand plaisir d'écouter cette musique en tant que mauritanien de la région du guidimakha
-snip-
Google Translate from French to English
it gives me great pleasure to listen to this music as the Mauritanian Guidimaka region
Example #2: belkhere yelalkom - meso eydikom music mauritania
bellewarmedia.com, Uploaded on Mar 2, 2011
http://bellewarmedia.com/torath.html
-nip-
Read a selected comment from this video's discussion thread above.
****
Thanks for visiting pancocojams.
Visitor comments are welcome.
This post showcases five videos of Fulas' (Fulanis', Peuls') Tambin (Flute) music. Selected comments from some of these videos' discussion threads are also included in this post.
Information about the Fulanis (Fulas)is included in this post.
This subject was prompted by this comment in a previous pancocojams' post:
ahmmsh, 2013
"From hearing the flute I can tell they are the descendants of Fulani people who were enslaved by Berbers and Songhai, and sold to the Arabs. The Fulanis call this flute "Tambin", you can see videos of the fulani tambin on youtube too..
I wish the Haratines dignity, freedom and success in this new world that no longer recognises the evils of slavery and racism."
wMauritania's Haritans (Black Moors') Neifara (Flute) music."
http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2015/10/eight-examples-of-haritans-neifara.html Eight Examples Of Haritan's Neifara (Flute) Music (Mauritania)
-snip-
That particular video and one additional video of Haritans' Neifara music from that post are included in the Addendum to this post.
The content of this post is presented for historical, cultural, entertainment, and aesthetic purposes.
All copyrights remain with their owners.
Thanks to all those who are featured in this post. Thanks also to the publishers of these examples on YouTube, and thanks to all those who are quoted in this post.
****
INFORMATION ABOUT THE FULANIS
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fula_people
"The Fula people or Fulani or Fulɓe (Fula: Fulɓe; French: Peul; Hausa: Fulani; Portuguese: Fula; Wolof: Pël; Bambara: Fulaw) numbering approximately 20 million people in total are one of the most widely dispersed and culturally diverse of the peoples of Africa.[5] The Fulani are bound together by the common language of Fulfulde, as well as by some basic elements of Fulbe culture, such as the pulaaku, a code of conduct common to all Fulani groups.
A significant proportion of their number, (an estimated 13 million), are nomadic, making them the largest pastoral nomadic group in the world.[6] Spread over many countries, they are found mainly in West Africa and northern parts of Central Africa, but also in Sudan and Egypt.[7]
...Fulani music is as varied as its people. The numerous sub-groups all maintain unique repertoires of music and dance. Songs and dances reflect traditional life and are specifically designed for each individual occasion. Music is played at any occasion: when herding cattle, working in the fields, preparing food, or at the temple. Music is extremely important to the village life cycle with field cultivation, harvest and winnowing of millet performed to the rhythm of the songs and drums.
Fulani herders have a special affinity for the flute and violin nianioru... The truly Fulani instruments are the one-string viola of the Fulani (nianioru), the flute, the two to five string lute hoddu or molo, and the buuba and bawdi set of drums. But they are also influenced by the other instruments of the region such as the beautiful West African harp, the kora, and the balafon. Entertainment is the role of certain casts. The performance of music is the realm of specialized casts. The Griots or Awlube recite the history of the people, places and events of the community."...
****
SHOWCASE EXAMPLES
These examples are given in chronological order according to their publishing dates on YouTube with the oldest dated example given first.
The comments are given in chronological order, except for responses. However, they may not be in consecutive order.
Example #1: Flute Lesson with Lancinet Conde of Les Ballets Africains
Alan Tauber, Uploaded on Jan 25, 2009
****
Example #2: ABOU DIARRA ft DRAMANE DEMBELÉ - Live session "An ka belebele"
Abou Diarra, Uploaded on Jun 23, 2010
Abou Diarra et Dramane Dembelé. Festival des Jardins de Rochefort le 5 juin 2010.
-snip-
Selected comments from this video's discussion thread:
MOA Photography, 2013
"it is fantastic!!!!! what is the name of the tool that looks like a flute?"
**
leftysergeant, 2013
in reply to MOA Photography
"It is called the tambin or Peuhl (Fula) flute, typical of Mali, Guinea and Senegal."
**
Egunjobi, 2013
"@Aboungoni, who is the Flutist?"
**
Abou Diarra, 2013
Reply
"Hello, Le joueur de flute s'appelle Dramane Dembelé."
-snip-
Google Translate from French to English:
Hello, The flute player is called Dramane Dembele.
**
leftysergeant, 2013
"Does anyone have a problem with my using the term "absolute freaking GENIUS?"
I have never seen anyone play the kamel ngoni like that before. The percussive sounds he coaxes out of it are amazing.
I must find more examples of these people's work."
**
Egunjobi, 2013
in reply to leftysergeant
"Jam Tan ! Don't forget the Brotha' on the Tambin(Fulani Flute). Me welltima"
**
leftysergeant, 2013
in reply to Egunjobi
"I am sure that he will in time be recognized as the master of the instrument for his generation. I have heard a few old men do better, but not by much."
**
[written in response to a comment that that instrument was a Kora and not a Ngoni]
leftysergeant, 2013
in reply to TheTrapperjaw
"They may have a similar origin, but the kamale ngoni is derived from the Donso ngoni of the Donso hunter caste of the Wassoulou region. Some time in the 1960 it was modified intro its current form and has served as the basis for the characteristic popular music of the Wassoulou region. Much of Oumou Sangare's recordings and stage performances are accompanied by the kamale ngoni. The kamale ngoni has only 8-12 strings, while the kora has 21. and is larger and held differently."
**
Gene Emerson, 2014
"Absolutely beautiful! The harmony between the two musicians, just wonderful. Do I hear the word Senegal in the song? Thanks to the explanation @left sergeant and@Abou Diarra, I have a better understanding of these magnificent West African instruments. Bravo!"
**
Djimt Cie, 2014
Reply
"Yes, Senegali in bambara. You'll have to learn more..."
**
mohamed sow, 2014
"God bless Mali and burkina fasso. This is our tradition song. Specialy decicated to hunters"
****
Example #3: Fallou Sy, ich spiele eine Tambin Fulani Flöte
f25824 Uploaded on Jan 5, 2010
Fallou Sy, ich spiele eine Tambin Fulani Flöte. Es tanzt das National-balett des Senegal. Ich spiele eine traditionelle,spezielle Obertonflöte Flöte. Es ist eine Tambin auch Fulani genannt.
-snip-
Google Translate from German to English:
Fallou Sy, I play a Tambin Fulani flute. [I'm a member of the dance group] the National Ballet of Senegal. I play a traditional, special overtone flute. It is also known as Fulani Tambin.
****
Example #4: Fula Flute "Bao Fello"
Sylvain Leroux, Uploaded on May 5, 2011
Fula Flute presents Bailo Bah performing the song "Bao Fello" in an environment of works by French sculptor Alain Kirili. Special thanks to Alain and Arianne for the use of their loft and enthusiastic support. © Fula Flute Music 2011 www.fulaflute.net
-snip-
Selected comments from this video's discussion thread:
md2v4, 2012
"fula's masters of the flutes."
**
fulaqueen, 2012
"The flute represent all of us proud fulani people puular all the way onyodaramaaaa"
**
nikolaus gerszewski, 2014
"This reminds me of the “Prague Experiment” of which I have read with Jakob Ullmann. As I can no longer find the part, I must rely on my memory: The experiment took place in the 1930s. An african flute player visited the town of Prague to perform one of his compositions. A western flute player, who had the reputation of being able to repeat any piece of music after a single listening, was engaged to replay the Africans composition. So he repeated note for note of what he believed to have heard. However the African said, this was not his piece. So he was required to play his composition again himself. Yet no one in the audience could recognize any correspondence between the first and the second performance. The audience was obviously accustomed to focus on melodic progression, i.e. sequence of pitches and durations; and so was the western flute player. The African instead focussed on the shape of the sound itself, i.e. the subtle mixture ratios of tone and breath; pitch and duration were not even secondary parameters. Since the western audience did not know the code, they were literally unable to hear the music."
**
Gidado, 2014
"Change your Spelling in the title from "Bao fello" to "BAAWO FERLO".... That is the correct spelling in Fulfulde."
****
Example #5: OUSMANE BAH Fula flute Senegal
Ariel Nahum Published on Jun 10, 2012
fulani@walla.com
****
ADDENDUM- TWO VIDEOS OF HARITANS' NEIFARA (FLUTE) MUSIC (MAURITANIA)
Example #1: yelallkom mesoeydik Music Mauritania
bellewarmedia.com Uploaded on Jul 18, 2008
-snip-
Here's a comment from this video's discussion thread:
Diallo Gouné, 2015
sa me fait un grand plaisir d'écouter cette musique en tant que mauritanien de la région du guidimakha
-snip-
Google Translate from French to English
it gives me great pleasure to listen to this music as the Mauritanian Guidimaka region
Example #2: belkhere yelalkom - meso eydikom music mauritania
bellewarmedia.com, Uploaded on Mar 2, 2011
http://bellewarmedia.com/torath.html
-nip-
Read a selected comment from this video's discussion thread above.
****
Thanks for visiting pancocojams.
Visitor comments are welcome.
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