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Showing posts with label American cartoons. Show all posts
Showing posts with label American cartoons. Show all posts

Friday, October 17, 2025

Information About The Word "Mammy" And Information About & An Example Of The Tom & Jerry Cartoon Character "Mammy Two Shoes"


GMSPunishTheWicked, Jun 9, 2019
-snip-
This YouTube video has the title "Mammy Two Shoes Esau Clowning Eve"

There are no comments for this video as of October 17, 2025 at 8:51 PM EDT

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Edited by Azizi Powell

This pancocojams post presents some history of the English word "mammy" and showcases two YouTube videos about the American "Tom & Jerry" cartoon character "Mammy Two Shoes". 

This post also presents information and comments about this cartoon character.

The content of this post is presented for historical, socio-cultural, and linguistic  purposes.

All copyrights remain with their ownets.

Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post and thanks to the producers and publishers of these showcased videos 
-snip-
Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2025/10/coulters-candy-allee-ballee-allee.html for an example of the English word "mammy"in the Scottish song "Coulter's Candy" (also known as "Allee Ballee, Allee Ballee Bee") which was originally composed in the 19th century.

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DEFINITIONS FOR THE ENGLISH WORD "MAMMY"
ONLINE SOURCE #1
From https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mammy
"mammy

noun

mam·​my ˈma-mē

plural mammies

Synonyms of mammy

1

: mama

2

offensive : a Black woman serving as a nurse to white children especially formerly in the southern U.S."

[...]

Recent Examples on the Web

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. 

"These include typecasting Black women as jezebels, sapphires and mammies; these depictions, combined with the law enforcement they may be exposed to, increase their vulnerability under the law."

—Kerry Lester Kasper, Chicago Tribune, 22 Aug. 2025

**
"The mammy stereotype, which desexualized both dark skinned enslaved and free women (who were often in domestic roles), made muting Black beauty the norm."

—Brooklyn White, Essence, 30 Nov. 2022

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ONLINE SOURCE #2
From https://boards.straightdope.com/t/southern-mammy-irish-mammy-why-the-same/679716/7 "Southern Mammy-Irish Mammy: Why the same?"
1.CC, Jan 2014

"I’m reading Philomena, set in 1950’s Ireland, and come across many references to “Mammy,” as…mommy. I’m also aware that in the 19th century, the term, mammy, was used by many people to refer to a black woman whose responsibility was to raise and deal with white children. Those are the only two instances I can think of in which that term is used. Is there some connection? I am assuming the term migrated somehow from Ireland to America. Anyone know how? Or, how to explain the coincidence? Thanks, C"

**
2. Zeldar, Jan 2014
"Many Irish and Scots-Irish migrated to America all up and down the Eastern Seaboard, and particularly in the Appalachians and New England.

I’ve read that “ma ma” is the easiest thing for a newborn to utter so the variations of that (mama, momma, mommy, mummy, mammy, and on and on) get to be the name of that woman who keeps poking a titty in their mouth and it doesn’t really go away but just gets dressed up to Mom or Mother or one of those fancier utterances.

What was it you wanted to know?"

**
3. CC, Jan 2014
"I think that “mammy” is not particularly widespread, and is notable for that. I understand the etymology of mama, etc. as a commonly voiced sound of newborns. What is still not clear is why southern whites, some of whose ancestors came from Ireland, did not use the term, mammy, themselves, and how and why it got applied the way it did, to black women who cared for their children. Certainly, as late as the 1950’s, the term was still in use in Ireland, and was used by the Irish to refer to their own mothers. How did it come to apply NOT to Irish-Americans in the south? And why to their slaves?"

**
Reply
4. Exapno_Mapcase, January 2014
"Language evolves at different rates. Some words linger, others change over time. The change is far more likely to occur if there is a reason to differentiate the word from older senses. (The parallel to new species arising only if a new niche is created is fairly exact.)

I’d say that’s the situation here. Over time, people would want to distinguish the white mama from the black mammy so it’s to be expected that a different word would arise. But Irish mothers are continually Irish mothers without a second, separate group, so there wouldn’t have been pressure in the 19th century to create a new word. In today’s more homogenized culture, standard terms have been driving out dialectical variants and the loss of mammy may be one of them, especially as it developed negative associations in American culture."

**
Reply
5.An_Gadai, January 2014
"It is still commonly used in Ireland. In fact there’s recently been a series ofIrish Mammies books. I suppose to some it sounds infantile but it is no danger of dying out any time soon. I have been trying to find out but I suspect its use within Ireland is regional though."

**
Reply
6. Exapno_Mapcase,January 2014
[Quote: CC]
"Assuming this hypothesis is correct, it doesn’t explain why the Irish women didn’t KEEP mammy and assign or use a different term for their slaves. In an imaginary family, I’d see the white mother saying, “I’M your mammy, and this black woman here who’s raising you is your (say) black momma.” Why would they abandon a term that’s associated with their own experience? Not only abandon it, but transfer its use to their putative inferiors? I know it happened, but there’s something a bit peculiar about it."
-end of quote-

"There’s a lot of assumptions here. You’re assuming that mammy must be Irish, that Irish people were a dominant ethnicity in the South, and that they kept the earlier word only to transfer it later.

I don’t know if any of those is true. What I can say with some certainty is that mam was used more often than mammy, mama, or momma in the early 19th century. It’s entirely possible that mammy in the American South was an independent reinvention from mam.

You can never make assumptions about word history. It always surprises you."

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ONLINE SOURCE #3
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammy_stereotype
"A mammy is a U.S. historical stereotype depicting Black women, usually enslaved, who did domestic work, among nursing children.[2] The fictionalized mammy character is often visualized as a dark-skinned woman with a motherly personality. The origin of the mammy figure stereotype is rooted in the history of slavery in the United States, as enslaved women were often tasked with domestic and childcare work in American slave-holding households. The mammy caricature was used to create a narrative of Black women being content within the institution of slavery among domestic servitude. The mammy stereotype associates Black women with domestic roles, and it has been argued that it, alongside segregation and discrimination, limited job opportunities for Black women during the Jim Crow era (1877 to 1966).[3]

History

The mammy caricature was first seen in the 1830s in Antebellum pro-slavery literature, as a form to oppose the description of slavery given by abolitionists.[4] One of the earliest fictionalized versions of the mammy figure is Aunt Chloe in Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, first published in 1852.[5]

Some scholars see the mammy figure as rooted in the history of slavery in the United States. Enslaved African American women were tasked with the duties of domestic workers in white American households. Their duties included preparing meals, cleaning homes, and nursing and rearing their enslavers' children. Out of these circumstances arose the image of the mammy."...

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INFORMATION ABOUT THE FICTIONAL CHARACTER "MAMMY TWO SHOES"
SOURCE #1
from https://heykidscomics.fandom.com/wiki/Mammy_Two_Shoes
"Mammy Two Shoes

Tom and Jerry character

First appearance  Little Ol' Bosko and the Pirates (May 1, 1937)

Last appearance  - Push-Button Kitty (September 6, 1952)

Created by William Hanna [and] Joseph Barbera

[…]

Mammy Two Shoes (sometimes Mrs. Two Shoes) is a fictional character in MGM's Tom and Jerry cartoons. She is a heavy-set middle-aged black woman who often has to deal with the mayhem generated by the lead characters.

As a partially seen character, she was famous for never showing her face (except very briefly in Saturday Evening Puss). Mammy's appearances have often been edited out, dubbed, or re-animated as a slim white woman in later television showings, since her character is a mammy archetype now often regarded as racist.[1] Her character was greatly inspired by Oscar-winning black actress and singer Hattie McDaniel, best known for playing "Mammy" in MGM and David O. Selznick's 1939 film Gone with the Wind.

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SOURCE #2
from AI Overview [the result of my Oct. 17, 2025 question: "Was the original Mammy Two Shoes White?"
"No, the original "Mammy Two Shoes" character was an African-American woman, a racial caricature from the Tom and Jerry cartoons. Later versions of the cartoon replaced her with a different character, a thin white woman, because the original character was considered racist.

Original character: The original character was an African-American woman, based on the "Mammy" archetype prevalent in the US during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Her face was rarely shown, but her voice was performed by actress Lillian Randolph.

Replacement character: In the 1960s, her image was changed to a slim white woman in some versions to make the character less offensive.

Censorship and editing: Over time, many instances of the character have been edited, censored, or re-dubbed to remove the perceived racist stereotypes."

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SHOWCASE YOUTUBE VIDEO #2 - Lillian Randolph on Mammy Two-Shoes (1976)

 

Real Roberto, Sep 28, 2024

A clip from Chuck Schaden's interview with the late Lillian Randolph, circa 1976. Randolph was an African-American actress during both the Golden Age of Hollywood and the Golden Age of Radio, most famously portraying Birdie on The Great Gildersleeve and the housemaid Mammy Two-Shoes in MGM's Tom & Jerry cartoons. A lot has been said about her latter role, but I can't help but feel there's not a lot about what she personally thought of it, both at the time and later in life. There's also not a lot of interviews with Mrs. Randolph, but thankfully this interview did briefly cover it

If anyone knows more about her personal thoughts, please let me know!
-snip-
Here are some selected comments from the discussion thread for this video. All of these comments are from 2025. Numbers are added for referencing purposes only:

1. @jpsimmons5100
"Fans of Tom and Jerry have remembered the black maid, but they did not know who her original voice artist was."

**
Reply
2. @hurricanefury439
"she's the homeowner, not the maidd"

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3. @AriesSuperLove
"Fun Fact:she was on Sanford and Son as aunt Hazel and she was also on The Jeffersons."

**
4. @The_GWPabst
"What an amazing and pioneering woman. She’s been let down over the last 70 years by attempts to overdub her performance in the timeless Tom and Jerry cartoons she gave her voice to. Attempts to change her voice so that the character appears less stereotypical are the totally wrong approach. The cartoons should be embraced and treasured as a relic of a bygone time and a brief snapshot into how entertainment has matured over time. God bless you Lillian Randolph, the voice of Tom and Jerry"

**
5. 
@joyunicycle
"Nowadays her character gets flack. While I can understand why, I thought she was hilarious. Lillian Randolph had a great vocal delivery that said, "If you cross me, you're going to be sorry!" She deserves more credit than she's given both as an actress and as a person."

**
6. @Fred-dn7nk
"Watching the uncut episodes back in the 70s (yes I'm old) we all thought the house was hers! We just thought she was cleaning and living in her house like everybody else. And we all loved her! It's a damn shame this womans legacy has been dubbed over"

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Friday, June 13, 2014

Pebbles And Bam Bam (Military Cadence)

Edited by Azizi Powell

Latest revision - 
July 23, 2025

This pancocojams post showcases examples of the military cadence entitled "Pebbles And Bam Bam".

The content of this post is provided for folkloric, cultural, entertainment, and educational purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post. Thanks also to those who are featured in these videos and thanks to the publishers of these videos on YouTube.

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PANCOCOJAMS EDITOR'S NOTE
Pebbles and Bam Bam are fictional characters from the American animated television series The Flintstones. Here's information about that television series:
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Flintstones
"The Flintstones is an animated, prime-time American television sitcom that was broadcast from September 30, 1960, to April 1, 1966, on ABC. The show was produced by Hanna-Barbera. The Flintstones was about a working-class Stone Age man's life with his family and his next-door neighbor and best friend.

The show's continuing popularity rested heavily on its juxtaposition of modern everyday concerns in the Stone Age setting.[2][3] The Flintstones was the most financially successful network animated franchise for three decades, until The Simpsons debuted.[4] In 2013, TV Guide ranked The Flintstones the second Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time (after The Simpsons ranked at first).[5]"

[...]

Pebbles Flintstone is The Flintstones' infant daughter, who is born near the end of the third season.

[...]

Bamm-Bamm Rubble is the Rubbles' abnormally strong adopted son, whom they adopt during the fourth season; his name comes from the only phrase he ever speaks as a baby: "Bamm, Bamm!" "....
-snip-
Click http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebbles_Flintstone for more information about Pebbles Flintstone and click http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamm-Bamm_Rubble for more information about "Bam Bam".

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THE SONG SOURCE FOR "PEBBLES AND BAM BAM" MILITARY CADENCES 
. I believe that the "Pebbles And Bam Bam" cadence has its source in the children's rhyme "Ten Little Angels All Dressed In White". That rhyme is the first verse in the earliest known version of the Black American secular dance song "Raise A Ruckus Tonight". Instead of "Ten little angels", the referent in that song is "two  little "n words".

Here is a version of Raise A "Ruckus Tonight" from Thomas W. Talley's Negro Folk Rhymes, originally published in 1922, p. 90.
electronic book http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27195/27195-h/27195-h.htm

I am using N----rs for the group referent since that referent is probably even less politically correct now than it was in 1922. Otherwise, this is as Talley presented it.

"Two liddle N----rs all dressed in white,
Raise a rucus to-night)
Want to get to Heaben on de tail of a kite.
(Raise a rucus to-night)
De kite string broke; dem N----rs fell;
(Raise a rucus to-night)
Wha dem N----rs go, I hain't gwineter tell.
(Raise a rucus to-night)"
-end of quote-

The "Pebbles And Bam Bam" military cadence was probably created by someone in the United States military in the 1980s* based on the "Ten Little Angels All Dressed In White"' children's rhyme or based on that first verse for that "Raise A Ruckus" dance song.  However, the "Pebbles And Bam Bam" United States military cadence uses the tune for the 19th century Black American secular song "Hambone". The "Hambone" tune is also used for other  United States military cadences such as "Mama Mama Can't You See". However, the tempo for both of those military cadences are slower than the tempos for the "Hambone" song and the "Mama Mama Can't You See" children's rhyme.

The "Ten Little Angels All Dressed In White" children's rhyme has a different tune and a much faster tempo than the "Pebbles And Bam Bam" military cadence. I don't know the name of the tune that is used for the "Ten Little Angels All Dressed In White" children's song.  

I haven't come across any "Pebbles And Bam Bam" children's rhymes. However, there is a  cumulative children's rhyme entitled "When Pebbles Was A Baby". That rhyme is based on the children's rhyme "When Susie Was A Baby" and is different from the "Pebbles And Bam Bam" military cadence.
-snip-
Several commenters in the YouTube discussion thread about the "Pebbles And Bam Bam" military cadence https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56-IUTPmt34&t=30s "ARMY BLUES ‼️‼️ Pebbles and bam bam published by Stevie Metts, Dec. 20, 2018 wrote that they remember  this cadence from the 1980s and 1990s.  1984 was the earliest date that some of these commenters gave for when they remembered this cadence.

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TEXT EXAMPLES OF THE PEBBLES AND BAM BAM" CADENCE

Example #1:
From 
http://www.armystudyguide.com/content/Prep_For_Basic_Training/Prep_for_basic_general_information/common-marching-cadence.shtml

"PEBBLES AND BAM BAM
[common marching cadence]

Pebbles and Bam-Bam on a Friday night
Trying to get to heaven on a paper kite
Lighting struck (Boom) and down they fell (Ahhh)
Instead of getting to heaven, they went straight to hell

Dino the dog (Ruff Ruff) was on the bone (Chomp Chomp)
While Fred and Barney rock the microphone
There was nothing that Fred or Barney could do
'cept sing "Yabba daba daba daba daba daaaaaba do!" "
-snip-
"Yabba daba do!" is a signature yell from "The Flintstones" television show/movies.

The lyrics for the YouTube video that is given as Example #1 and Example #2 below are almost the same as these lyrics.

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Example #2:
From 
http://www.sndhight.com/1cadences.htm#Pebbles and Bam-Bam

"PEBBLES AND BAM-BAM

This is a running cadence taught to me in Germany, about 1987. Like all running cadences, the runners simply repeat each line after the cadence caller sings it. Both the content and the melody, however, are highly unusual. The rhythm, of course, is not, and this song could be made to fit any standard "jody" with no trouble.

Wing-dang wing-dang wing-dang-do
Come on First Sergeant, sing along, too;
Wing-dang wing-dang wing-dang dee
Come on ev'rybody sing along with me . . .

Pebbles and Bam-Bam on a Friday night,
Y' know they tried to get to Heaven on a paper kite.
Lightning struck, and down they fell,
Y'know instead of gettin' to Heaven they went to Hell.

Dino the dog was on the bone,
While Fred and Barney rocked the microphone.

Betty didn't know it, but she heard the shout,
It was Mr. Slate a-cussin' Wilma out.

Fred didn't know exactly what to do,
He shouted "Yabba-dabba-dabba-dabba-doo!"

He shouted "Yabba-dabba-dabba-dabba-doo!"

You caught me walkin' when I shoulda been runnin',
Caught me runnin' when I shoulda been walkin',
Caught me shirkin' when I shoulda been workin',
Caught me workin' when I shoulda been shirkin'.
-snip-
"Jody" ("jodies") is a general term for United States military cadences. The character is a womanizing man who is the featured character in some African American secular songs & in some military cadences.

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SHOWCASE VIDEO EXAMPLES

Example #1: 
 Pebbles And Bam Bam



LemonWire, August 16, 2022

Pebbles and Bam Bam · LemonWire Government Issued Military Cadence's, Vol. 2 -snip-
In this video, the girls said “Bam Bam went to jail” instead of saying the word “hell” which is appears to be the usual word that is sung. .
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Example #2: Flintstone Army Cadance



DShabazz7's channel, Published March 3, 2013

My kids having fun
-snip-
In this video, the girls said “Bam Bam went to jail” instead of saying the word “hell” which is appears to be the usual word that is sung. .

Here's a comment from this video's discussion thread:
forseti52, 2014
" I heard a scream...I heard a Shout!... " it was Mr. Slater puching Willma out.." lol I remeber this from being in basic. One of my Drill Sgts. did this cadance."

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Friday, October 21, 2011

The Shared Steroptypes For Hillbillies & African Americans

Written by Azizi Powell

I applaud Occupy Wall Street and the other Occupy Movements for focusing attention on the huge economic disparities that exist in the United States and elsewhere in the world. But a lot of systemic changes would have to occur in order for those disparities to be greatly minimized or erased even for a time, let alone forever.

And in order for there to be real systemic changes, we have to change the societies' attitudes about and perception of people who are poor. I purposely use the term "poor people" instead of "the poor" because people who are poor aren't a monolith. Individuals who are poor aren't the same, don't always like each other, and don't necessarily see each other as allies. Furthermore, people who aren't poor may be stigmatized by those who actually are poor using the same negative characteristics mainstream society has conferred on "the poor". In the United States, automatic assumptions of poverty with its socialized attendent stereotypes are routinely conferred on African Americans and those people who are referred to as "hillbillies".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillbilly gives this definition for 'hillbilly':
"Hillbilly is a term referring to certain people who dwell in rural, mountainous areas of the United States, primarily Appalachia but also the Ozarks. Owing to its strongly stereotypical connotations, the term is frequently considered derogatory, and so is usually offensive to those Americans of Appalachian heritage.

For the purposes of this post, I will continue to use the term "hillbilly" with apologies for its offensiveness.

With regard to the part of the above quote that indicate that the term 'hillbillies' refer to "certain people who dwell in rural, mountainous areas of the United States, primarily Appalachia", it's important to note that that same Wikipedia page indicates that "According to Anthony Harkins in Hillbilly: A Cultural History of an American Icon, the term first appeared in print in a 1900 New York Journal article, with the definition: "a Hill-Billie is a free and untrammeled white citizen of Alabama..." The emphasis on "white citizens" is also found in that "white trash" is given on that page as a synonym for "hillbillies". It's important to note that there is some disagreement about where "Appalachia" actually is. That said, historically and in the present, "Appalachia" referred/refers to American states and parts of states where there are lots of Black folks.

From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appalachia:
"The most commonly used modern definition of Appalachia is the one initially defined by the Appalachian Regional Commission in 1965 and expanded over subsequent decades. The region defined by the Commission currently includes 420 counties and eight independent cities in 13 states, including all of West Virginia and 14 counties in New York, 52 in Pennsylvania, 32 in Ohio, 3 in Maryland, 54 in Kentucky, 25 counties and 8 cities in Virginia,[3] 29 in North Carolina, 52 in Tennessee, 6 in South Carolina, 37 in Georgia, 37 in Alabama, and 24 in Mississippi."

The previously cited quote from the 1900 New York Journal article goes on to give this description of 'Hill-Billies':
"...a Hill-Billie is a free and untrammeled white citizen of Alabama, who lives in the hills, has no means to speak of, dresses as he can, talks as he pleases, drinks whiskey when he gets it, and fires off his revolver as the fancy takes him."

That same Wikipedia page also gives this information about the referent "hillbillie":
"The "classic" hillbilly stereotype - the poor, ignorant, feuding family with a huge brood of children tending the family moonshine still - reached its current characterization during the years of the Great Depression, when many mountaineers left their homes to find work in other areas of the country. It was during these years that comic strips such as Lil' Abner and films such as Ma and Pa Kettle made the "hillbilly" a common stereotype...

The term hillbilly is commonly used outside of Appalachia as a reference in describing socially backward people that fit certain "hillbilly" characteristics. In this context, it is often (though not always) derogatory."

The Wikipedia page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redneck indicates that "Redneck is a historically derogatory slang term used in reference to poor white farmers, especially from the Southern United States. It is similar in meaning to cracker (especially regarding Georgia and Alabama), hillbilly (especially regarding Appalachia and the Ozarks),and white trash (but without the last term's suggestions of immorality.)

In recent decades, the term expanded its meaning to mean bigoted, loutish, and opposed to modern ways, and has often been used to attack Southern conservatives and racists. At the same time, some Southern whites have reclaimed the word, using it with pride and defiance as a self-identifier."

Negative depictions of hillbillies and of African Americans are deeply embedded in the literature, music, and mass media of the United States. What surprised me was how similar the stereotypes were for African Americans and hillbillies. For example, note this description for the once popular cartoon character "Snuffy Smith" from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Google_and_Snuffy_Smith
:
"Snuffy is an ornery little cuss, sawed-off and shiftless. He lives in a shack, mangles the English language and has a propensity to shoot at those who displease him. He makes "corn-likker" moonshine in a homemade still and is in constant trouble with the sheriff. He wears a broad-brimmed felt hat almost as tall as he is, has a scraggly mustache and a pair of tattered, poorly patched overalls. He constantly cheats at poker and checkers. He also has some proclivity toward stealing chickens, which led to a brief but effective use of his character in a marketing campaign by the Tyson Foods corporation in the early 1980s."

Much of that description is exactly the same as the stereotypical Black "coon". I particularly note the parts about "mangl[ing] the English language, constantly cheat[ing] at poker and checkers, and having "some proclivity toward stealing chickens". Visit http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/coon/ for information on the coon stereotype.

Snuffy Smith was preceded in those cartoons by "Barney Google". Eventually, Snuffy would later replace Barney Google in those cartoons. From that same Wikipedia page:
"Barney Google and Snuffy Smith, originally Barney Google, is a long-running American comic strip created by cartoonist Billy DeBeck (1890–1942). Since its debut on June 17, 1919, the strip has gained a huge international readership, appearing in 900 newspapers in 21 countries. The initial appeal of the strip led to its adaptation to film, animation, popular song and television. It added several terms and phrases to the English language and inspired the 1923 hit tune "Barney Google (with the Goo-Goo-Googly Eyes)" with lyrics by Billy Rose."

Barney Google is described as "...a little fellow (although he would shrink in stature even more after the first year) with big "banjo" eyes, was an avid sportsman and ne'er-do-well involved in poker, horse racing and prize fights....Barney [was]relentlessly henpecked by "a wife three times his size" (as the song lyric goes). The formidable Mrs. Lizzie Google...[and is a member of] the mysterious hooded fraternity "The Order of the Brotherhood of Billy Goats", a parody of mystic secret societies."

In that comic strip Barney also has a Black jockey named "Sunshine". Regardless of the presence of a Black character, the descriptions of Barney Google and Snuffy Smith, Barney's wife, and the Order of the Brotherhood of Billy Goats certainly sounds a lot like the Amos & Andy characters. Visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amos_'n'_Andy for information about Amos & Andy.

It's my position that Barney Google, Snuffy Smith, and other hillbilly characters have many of the same negative stereotypes as Black coon characters. I'm not sure which came first, but maybe that's a chicken or the egg question.

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Part II of this post will focus on the musical ties between African Americans and so-called "hillbillies".

Here are two video examples of "Barney Google":

The Buzz In Snuffy's Bonnet (Snuffy Smith)



SuperClassicToons, Uploaded on Feb 13, 2011

Snuffy and Barney are being driven 'clean' out of their minds by Loweezy's niece, Bizzy Buzz Buzz...

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Barney's Blarney (Snuffy Smith)



Uploaded by SuperClassicToons on Feb 12, 2011
The little man goes off telling tall tales to Jughaid.

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